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"Penelitian ini meneliti tentang implementasi kebijakan pengenaan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan pada impor produk paku. Kebijakan ini dikeluarkan seiring melonjaknya impor paku dari luar negeri yang mengakibatkan terjadinya kerugian serius pada industri dalam negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan tujuan penelitiannya bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tahapan implementasi pengenaan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan sama dengan tahapan pengenaan bea masuk impor normal, yang membedakan hanyalah tambahan pembayaran pajak beserta dokumen yang dibutuhkan dan kendala yang dialami dalam penerapan ini adalah masalah sosialisasi. Pengawasan dalam kebijakan ini dilakukan oleh tiga instansi yaitu DJBC, BKF dan KPPI. Pencapaian yang telah diperoleh adalah menurunnya jumlah impor paku dan industri dalam negeri mampu memulihkan kerugian. Pengenaan BMTP ini akan lebih lengkap jika didampingi dengan kebijakan lain yang mampu membuat industri paku dalam negeri mampu bersaing dengan industri luar negeri.

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This thesis analyzes the Implementation of The Imposition of Import Duties Safeguard's Policy Against Nails Import Products. This policy is issued as a nail surging imports from abroad, which caused serious losses to the domestic industry. This thesis uses a qualitative approach and the research purpose is descriptive. The result indicates that the implementation stage of the imposition of import duties safeguard is the same as the implementation stage of the imposition of import duties normally. However, the requirement documents are different. Constraints experienced in the implementation are a matter of socialization to the importers. Monitoring is conducted by DJBC, BKF and KPPI. Achievements that have been obtained are the nail import is significantly decreasing and the domestic industry is able to recover the losses. Imposition of BMTP is considered to be more completed if accompanied by the other policies that can make the domestic nails industries are able to compete with foreign industries."

"Lonjakan impor kain yang terjadi di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 hingga tahun 2019 menyebabkan industri kain dalam negeri menderita. Pemerintah Indonesia kemudian menetapkan kebijakan dalam rangka tindakan pengamanan atas produk kain. Kebijakan ini ditetapkan dalam bentuk Bea Masuk Tindakan Pengamanan (BMTP) yang dikenakan atas impor produk kain. Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai implementasi dari pengenaan kebijakan BMTP dalam rangka mengendalikan lonjakan serta melindungi industri kain dalam negeri atas impor produk kain. Penetapan kebijakan ini didasari oleh permohonan dari Asosiasi Pertekstilan Indonesia atas adanya lonjakan impor produk kain yang menyebabkan kerugian serius terhadap industri kain dalam negeri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan dan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan BMTP atas impor produk kain serta kendala yang terjadi saat pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post-positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data, yakni studi lapangan melalui wawancara mendalam serta studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi dari kebijakan BMTP atas produk kain tidak sepenuhnya sejalan dengan tujuan ditetapkannya kebijakan ini yaitu melindungi industri kain dalam negeri dari kerugian. Hal ini dikarenakan injury yang dialami oleh industri kain di Indonesia yang cukup signifikan akibat masih terkendala dalam sosialisasi serta belum terdapatnya peraturan pendukung dalam implementasi kebijakan BMTP atas produk kain di Indonesia.

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The surge in fabric imports that occurred in Indonesia from 2018 to 2019 caused the domestic fabric industry to suffer. The Indonesian government then established a policy aimed at securing fabric products. This policy was implemented in the form of Import Duty Security Measures (BMTP) imposed on imported fabric products. This study examines the implementation of the BMTP policy in controlling the surge and protecting the domestic fabric industry from imported fabric products. The policy was enacted based on a request from the Indonesian Textile Association, citing a significant surge in fabric product imports that caused serious losses to the domestic fabric industry. The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of the BMTP policy on imported fabric products and the challenges encountered during its implementation. The study adopts a post-positivist approach with data collection techniques, including field studies through in-depth interviews and literature review. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of the BMTP policy on fabric products is not fully aligned with its intended goal of protecting the domestic fabric industry from losses. This is due to the significant injury suffered by the fabric industry in Indonesia, primarily caused by constraints in socialization efforts and the absence of supporting regulations for implementing the BMTP policy on fabric products in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini tentang implementasi kebijakan perpanjangan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan atas impor produk I dan H section dari baja paduan lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post positivist, jenis penelitian deskriptif, dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan perpanjangan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan atas impor produk I dan H section dari baja paduan lainnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa implementasi kebijakan perpanjangan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan berdasarkan variabel idealized policy sebagai kebijakan yang ideal terdapat kebijakan formal dan program untuk mencapai tujuan. Pada variabel target group, kebijakan bea masuk tindakan pengamaan berpengaruh bagi importir terkait dengan biaya, serta bagi industri baja untuk pulih dari kerugian. Pada variabel implementing group, penerapan kebijakan perpanjangan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan memiliki kendala terkait dengan dwelling time dan pemeriksaan barang impor di pelabuhan. Pada variabel environmental factor, implementasi pengenaan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan dipengaruhii oleh produksi baja global serta dukungan pemerintah untuk keseimbangan ekspor impor pada neraca perdagangan. Untuk mengoptimalkan tujuan kebijakan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan, sebaiknya buat peraturan khusus mengenai pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh kementerian terkait, terhadap penyesuaian struktural industri dalam negeri.

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ABSTRACTThis research analyzes the policy Implementation of Extension Import Duties Safeguards Policy To Import Products I and H section from Parts Other Alloy Steel. This research conducted by post positivist, approach with descriptive purpose, and it is use to analyzes the implementation policy regard safeguards important products I and H from parts other alloy steel. The results of this study indicates the policy of implementing security duties based on idealized policy variables as ideal policies that have formal policies and programs to achieve goals. In the target group variables, import duty policies prioritize importers and the steel industry is able to recover the losses. In the implementing group variable, the implementation of the policy that adding security duties is related to dwelling time and is to the inspection of important goods at the port. On environmental factor variables, the implementation of the imposition of security duties related to global steel production and government support for trade of balance. To optimize the aims of import duties safeguards policy, special regulations should be about supervision carried out byrelevant ministries, to structural adjustment of domestic industry."

"Inspection of goods which are going out and coming in Customs Territory conducted by institution that have been assigned by government, which is Customs or international surveyor. The assignation of inspecting operator depends on the system used by pertinent government. If the government applies a pre-shipment inspection (PSI) system that is inspection of imported goods in a port load provided by independent private company to both exporters and government in order to give assessment of goods to be imported and exported, the operator is an international surveyor. On the other hand, if the government uses an on arrival inspection (OAI) system that is an inspection of imported goods in destination port, the operator is a local Customs.A government can also apply PSI system and OAI system concurrently, for example, Indonesia in 1985 up to 1990. At that period, PSI operator checks importation with value above FOB US$ 5,000.00, and OAI operator checks importation with value until FOB USS 5,000.00, Along with the increasing of commercial activity and market forces demand to enhance Customs service and to fulfill Customs commitment as a member of World Customs Organization (WCO), hence existing Customs procedures and systems continue to develop. Since the launching of Law # 1011995 about Customs, inspection system of imported goods in Indonesia embraces an OAI system which is in Law # 10/1995 gives a larger trust to market forces, but it is without disregarding state's finance security. OAI system is based on a self-assessment implementation, risk management and a post clearance audit. The supervisory of OAI system relied on a post clearance audit, so it doesn't interfere the releasing of imported goods from the port The PCA implementation is a logical consequence of self-assessment implementation and selective physical examination which is embraced by Law # 10/1995 about Customs.In general, advantage of PSI system is to give benefit to exporter and importer to his imported goods, so it can comply with quantity and quality of goods demanding in sales agreement. Besides, PSI can give benefit to government by improving state revenue through evasion of imported goods which are under standard, increasing foreign trade management by providing accurate commerce statistic, and supporting and pushing foreign capital cultivation incentive plan.On the other hand, results of research conducted by Lembaga Manajemen Universitas Indonesia (LM UI) in 1997 indicating that the government have to pay US$1 for each of US$163.63 import value which is done by SGS as The PSI system operator during 1995 - 1997, comparing to USS 1 for each of US$ $ 989,22 import value which is done by Customs as The OAL system operator in the year after SGS implementation. Thereby, the results indicate that The OAI system is more efficient compared to The PSI system. Results of research of LM UI also show that for each of USS 1 fee paid by government to SGS yield by US$ 4.40 of import duty revenue, while for each of US$ 1 fee paid by government to Customs yield US$ 18.68 of import duty revenue. Again, the data indicate that The OAI system is more effective compared to The PSI system.Meanwhile, based on results research conducted by ECONIT Advisory Group, the cost paid by government during implementation of SGS service equal to almost 15% from total import duty in a yearlong. Whereas the cost paid by government to defray DJBC only equal to less than 14° c let %ear from total cost paid to SGS. Farther, cost which is must be paid by government dung import pattern by using PSI system that is executed by SGS indicate that government have to pay 0.6% on average from import value or 23% from collected import duty. Cost Collection equal to 23% is counted very high and above maximum international standard cost collection, which is 5% on average.From system comparison and procedure analysis and cost-benefit analysis between PSI system and OAI system, PSI supporters argument and field facts, deeply interview, and perception participate observation results with some parties who is related to inspection system of imported goods in Indonesia, it can be concluded till now that The OAI system is the inspection system that are cheapest, fastest, simplest, most effective, and most efficient. This matter can be proved from its cost, time, and OAI procedure."

"[Dampak penurunan tarif impor terhadap kesempatan kerja di negara berkembangmasih banyak diperdebatkan. Menurut teori, efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya dariperdagangan internasional dapat meningkatkan produksi domestik dan permintaantenaga kerja. Namun setidaknya dalam jangka pendek pengangguran dapatmeningkat di sektor yang tidak mampu bersaing. Studi di Indonesia belum banyakmenunjukkan bukti empiris pengaruh penurunan tarif impor terhadap kesempatankerja. Dengan mengadopsi metodologi Hasan, Mitra, Ranjan, & Ahsan (2012) dandata individual dan sektoral dari SAKERNAS 2000-2010, studi ini menunjukanpenurunan tarif impor di Indonesia dapat mengurangi kemungkinan menganggur disektor yang mampu bersaing dan meningkatkan kemungkinan menganggur disektor kurang mampu bersaing., The effect of import tariff reduction on job opportunities in developing countries isstill debateable. The theory suggests that efficiency in utilization of resourcesresulting from international trade can increase domestic production and demand oflabour. However, at least in the short-run, unemployment can increase in lesscompetitive sectors. Empirical studies from Indonesia on this issues are still limited.By adopting the methodology from Hasan, Mitra, Ranjan, & Ahsan (2012) andemploying individual and sectoral data from SAKERNAS 2000-2010, this studyshows that reducing import tariff in Indonesia decreases of probability ofunemployment in competitive sectors but increases it in less competitive sectors.]"

"Penerimaan pemerintah berperan sangat penting bagi keberhasilan pembangunan nasional mengingat kebutuhan pengeluaran rutin dan pembangunan Pemerintah selalu meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Sebagai ilustrasi, total pengeluaran Pemerintah pada tahun fiskal 1985/1986 yang baru mencapai Rp. 22,8 trilyun telah melonjak menjadi Ro. 354,6 trilyun pada tahun fiskal 2001 atau mengalami pertumbuhan rata-rata 19,5 % per tahun. Kebutuhan anggaran tersebut semakin membengkak pada tahun-tahun terakhir akibat berbagai faktor yang saling berkaitan, mulai dari merosotnya nilai mata uang rupiah, likuidasi dan restrukturisasi perbankan, bencana alam banjir dan kekeringan, serta konflik sosial dan politik, yang kemudian berujung pada krisis multidimensional.Pada masa krisis ekonomi, alokasi pengeluaran pemerintah semakin meningkat tajam guna mengakoniodasi berbagai program untuk mengatasi dampak krisis, seperti kebijakan subsidi, perlindungan terhadap masyarakat miskin, dan pemberian stimulus fiskal bagi pengusaha kecil, menengah dan koperasi. Upaya pemulihan dan perlindungan terhadap masyakat tersebut akhirnya belum dapat dilakukan secara maksimal berkaitan dengan keterbatasan yang dihadapi pada sisi penerimaan negara.Dalam perencanaan anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara, penerimaan dalam negeri yang berupa hasil minyak bumi dan gas, pajak dan non pajak terutama digunakan untuk membiayai pengeluaran rutin pemerintah yang meliputi: belanja pegawai, belanja barang, subsidi. daerah otonom, bunga dan cicilan utang. Sedangkan untuk pengeluaran pembangunan dibiayai oleh surplus penerimaan dalam negeri yang dikenal sebagai tabungan pemerintah dan penerimaan dari pinjaman luar negeri. Namun yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian adalah jumlah pinjaman luar negeri Pemerintah telah mencapai US$ 70 milliar, sedangkan pinjaman pihak swasta mencapai US$ 80 milliar pada tahun 1999. Sementara itu cicilan bunga dan utang luar negeri pemerintah untuk tahun anggaran 1999/2000 telah mencapai Rp. 44,4 trilyun atau sekitar 31,2°k dari penerimaan dalam negeri yang berjumlah Rp. 142,2 trilyun. Untuk itu maka penerimaan dalam negeri."

"ABSTRAKNama : Gusti Digja RamadhanNPM : 1206333212Program Studi : Pascasarjana Ilmu EkonomiJudul Tesis : Analisis Penyelundupan Impor pada Periode Sebelum dan Setelah Penerapan ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement ACFTA di Indonesia 2000-2014 .Penyelundupan yang terjadi antara Indonesia dan negara anggota ACFTA dapat dilihat dari gap perdagangan ekspor-impor.Penyelundupan terjadi karena upaya menghindari tarif bea masuk, sehingga terjadi manipulasi dokumen masuk, baik dalam hal kuantitas dan harga barang impor. Perubahan kebijakan tarif bea masuk pada kerjasama ACFTA dan peningkatan sanksi denda diduga mempengaruhi penyelundupan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi data panel fixed effect untuk menganalisis perubahan kebijakan tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh antara lain : 1. Terjadi penurunan penyelundupan setelah penerapan kebijakan penurunan tarif bea masuk pada kerjasama ACFTA, dan 2. Terjadi penurunan penyelundupan setelah penerapan kebijakan peningkatan sanksi denda maksimal.Klasifikasi JEL : F13, H26, K20 Kata Kunci : Penyelundupan, Tarif Bea Masuk dan Sanksi Denda

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ABSTRACTName Gusti Digja RamadhanStudy Program EconomicsThesis Title The Analysis of Import Smuggling in The Period Before and After Implementation of ASEAN China Free Trade Agreement ACFTA in Indonesia 2000 2014 Smuggling that occurred between Indonesia and the ACFTA member countries can be seen from the import export trade gap. Smuggling occurs because the attempt to avoid tariffs, resulting in the manipulation of incoming documents, both in terms of quantity and price of imported goods. The policy change tariff rates on ACFTA cooperation and increase financial penalties affecting allegedly smuggling. This study uses a fixed effect panel data regression to analyze the policy change. The results obtained are 1. The reduction of smuggling after the application of policy to reduce tariff rates on ACFTA cooperation, and 2. A decrease in smuggling after the implementation of the policy of increasing the maximum financial penalties .JEL Code F14, H26, K42 Keyword Smuggling, Tariff Rates, Financial Pinalties."

"[Penelitian ini menganalisis permasalahan dalam komoditas kedelai dan mengukur dampak swasembada kedelai bagi Indonesia serta mencari alternatif kebijakan lain yang berdampak baik bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat permasalahan dalam perkedelaian nasional seperti permasalahan benih, pupuk, perubahan cuaca, hama dan rendahnya harga kedelai dibandingkan palawija yang lain. Untuk mengukur dampak kebijakan kedelai terhadap para pelaku ekonomi, penelitian ini menggunakan Cost and Benefit Analysis. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa kebijakan impor lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan jika pemerintah melakukan upaya swasembada kedelai.;This study analyzes the problems in soybean commodity and measures the impact of self-sufficiency soybean for Indonesia, as well as seeking for the policy alternative which gives good impact to the society. The finding of this study is there are problems in national soybean issue such as problems related with seeds, fertilizer, changes in weather, pest, and the low price of soybean compared to other commodity crops. To measure the policy impact of soybean towards society, this study uses Cost and Benefit Analysis. The result of this study recommends that import policy is more beneficial compared to when government puts efforts in self-sufficiency of soybean., This study analyzes the problems in soybean commodity and measures the impact of self-sufficiency soybean for Indonesia, as well as seeking for the policy alternative which gives good impact to the society. The finding of this study is there are problems in national soybean issue such as problems related with seeds, fertilizer, changes in weather, pest, and the low price of soybean compared to other commodity crops. To measure the policy impact of soybean towards society, this study uses Cost and Benefit Analysis. The result of this study recommends that import policy is more beneficial compared to when government puts efforts in self-sufficiency of soybean.]"