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"ABSTRACTThis paper uses a difference in difference model to study the impact of venture capital (VC) participation on board characteristics. Our sample includes companies listed on the growth enterprise market (GEM) on Chinas Shenzhen stock exchange over the period 2009 to 2014. Our measure of board characteristics is chief executive officer (CEO) duality, the scale of the board of directors, and the proportion of independent directors. Our empirical analysis reveals the following findings: the VC backed GEMlisted companies are more inclined to choose the mode of CEO duality and contain a large board of directors and a high proportion of independent directors. These characteristics, we find, are conducive to improving company performance."

"Hak kekayaan intelektual merupakan bagian dari instrumen ekonomi yang berisikan perlindungan akan hal-hal seperti inovasi dan hak cipta. Di saat bersamaan, hak kekayaan intelektual memiliki nilai politik karena menunjukkan relasi dan perbedaan kuasa antara negara maju dan negara berkembang. Dalam fenomena masa kini, salah satu aktor yang sedang gencar menggunakan hak kekayaan intelektual bagi kepentingan ekonomi politik mereka adalah China. Sebagai salah satu kekuatan yang sedang dalam kenaikan, timbul tarik ulur kepentingan terkait isu hak kekayaan intelektual di China yang didasari pada bagaimana China memandang hak kekayaan intelektual serta bagaimana konsep ini diatur di dalam China, dan China tetap harus menghadapi tantangan dari pemanfaatan hak kekayaan intelektual secara eksternal melalui tekanan dari kekuatan aktor-aktor eksternal yang kerap mengawasi perilaku internasional China. Karya ini menunjukkan bagaimana China dalam perkembangan dan kenaikannya memaanfaatkan hak kekayaan intelektual dan dampak apa yang muncul dari pengunaan hak kekayaan intelektual ini, baik secara domestik dan secara global.

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Intellectual property rights are part of economic instruments that contain protection for things such as innovation and copyright. At the same time, intellectual property rights have political value because they show relations and power differences between developed and developing countries. In today`s phenomenon, one of the actors who are intensively using intellectual property rights for their political economy interests is China. As one of the forces that is on the rise, there is a tug of war regarding the issue of intellectual property rights in China which is grounded on how China perceive intellectual property rights and how this concept is governed inside China, and China still has to face the challenges of using intellectual property rights externally through pressures from the power of external actors that monitors China`s international behavior. This work shows how China in its development and increase made use of intellectual property rights and the impact that emerged from the use of intellectual property rights, both domestically and globally."