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"In this empirically rich collection of essays, a team of leading international scholars explore the way that economic transformation is sustained and challenged by everyday practices across Southeast Asia. Drawing together a body of interdisciplinary scholarship, the authors explore how the emergence of more marketized forms of economic policy-making in Southeast Asia impacts everyday life. The book's twelve chapters address topics such as domestic migration, trade union politics in Myanmar, mining in the Philippines, halal food in Singapore, Islamic finance in Malaysia, education reform in Indonesia, street vending in Malaysia, regional migration between Malaysia, Indonesia and Cambodia, and Southeast Asian domestic workers in Hong Kong. This collection not only enhances understandings of the everyday political economies at work in specific Southeast Asian sites, but makes a major theoretical contribution to the development of an everyday political economy approach in which perspectives from developing economies and non-Western actors are taken seriously."

"Tesis ini berangkat dari hipotesis penulis bahwa ruang politik Uni Eropa memfasilitasi Greenpeace untuk dapat menekan industri minyak kelapa sawit Indonesia. Tesis ini menganalisis strategi Greenpeace dalam menekan industri minyak kelapa sawit Indonesia melalui Uni Eropa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode studi pustaka. Analisis kajian tesis ini menggunakan penggabungan konsep transnasional advocacy networks (1998) dan konsep kesempatan politik Dellmuth dan Bloodgood (2019). Berdasarkan konsep konsep transnasional advocacy networks (1998), ada empat taktik politik. Dari keempat taktik politik, Greenpeace hanya menggunakan dua taktik politik untuk mempengaruhi Uni Eropa, yaitu taktik politik pengaruh dan akuntabilitas. Kedua taktik ini bisa dikatakan secara tidak langsung dapat dimanfaatkan Greenpeace untuk menekan industri minyak kelapa sawit. Kendati demikian, kedua taktik tersebut memiliki pengaruh terbatas kepada kebijakan Uni Eropa. Salah satu penyebab terbatasnya pengaruh Greenpeace adalah lambannya pembuatan rencana aksi Uni Eropa dalam melakukan komitmen global. Sementara itu, konsep kesempatan politik menjelaskan bahwa pengaruh politik Uni Eropa terbatas. Keterbatasan pengaruh disebabkan sempitnya ruang politik dari dalam institusi, koalisi organisasi non pemerintah dalam tidak menunjukkan peranan penting dan kompleksitas isu yang disebabkan oleh tidak realistisnya komitmen Uni Eropa. Dengan demikian, Greenpeace tidak dapat menggunakan Uni Eropa sebagai tekanan terhadap industri minyak kelapa sawit.

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This thesis is based on hypothesis that European Union facilitates political space for Greenpeace in order to be able press the palm oil industry. This thesis analyzes the strategy of Greenpeace in pressing Indonesian palm oil industry through European Union. This qualitative research used literature research regarding palm oil and objects of analysis. Theoretical framework that uses in this research is combination between transnational advocacy networks concept (1998) and political opportunity (2019) concept. Based on transnational advocacy network concept (1998), there are four political tactics which are used by Greenpeace in running the palm oil campaign. Four political tactics are information, symbolic, leverage and accountability. From four political tactics, Greenpeace only uses two political tactics to influence European Union, namely leverage political tactic and accountability political tactic. It can be said that the two political tactics are used indirectly to press palm oil industry by Greenpeace. However, Greenpeace’s influence to European Union policy is limited. One of the reason is the slow progress of European Union in doing global commitment. Meanwhile, political opportunity concept explain that limitation caused by the narrow political space inside European Institution. Besides that, coalition between Greenpeace and other organization non-governments had not shown significant role in influencing European Union policy. The complexity of this issue also limits Greenpeace’s influence on the European Union."

"The paper brings together several strands of debate and deliberation in which I have been involved since the early 2000s on the definition of Southeast Asia and the rationale of Southeast Asian Studies. I refer to the relationship between area studies and methodologies as a conundrum (or puzzle), though I should state from the outset that I think it is much more of a conundrum for others than for me. I have not felt the need to pose the question of whether or not area studies generates a distinctive method or set of methods and research practices, because I operate from a disciplinary perspective; though that it is not to say that the question should not be posed. Indeed, as I have earned a reputation for “revisionism” and championing disciplinary approaches rather than regional ones, it might be anticipated already the position that I take in an examination of the relationships between methodologies and the practice of “area studies” (and in this case Southeast Asian [or Asian] Studies). Nevertheless, given the recent resurgence of interest in the possibilities provided by the adoption of regional perspectives and the grounding of data gathering and analysis within specified locations in the context of globalization, the issues raised for researchers working in Southeast Asia and within the field of Southeast Asian Studies require revisiting."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini diawali dari keinginan penulis untuk mengetahui secara lebih mendalam mengenai hubungan dua kawasan antara Asia dan Eropa dalam forum kerjasama Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM).Untuk mengarahkan penelitian, dirumuskan research problem: bagaimana peran dan prospek hubungan kerjasama antara Asia dan Eropa dalam pengembangan hubungan kerjasama bidang ekonomi antara Asia dan Eropa.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode multi disipliner yaitu hubungan internasional, hukum internasional dan memfokuskan pada disiplin ekonomi internasional (Ekonomi Eropa) dengan menganalisis secara lebih mendalam pada pilar ekonomi dalam struktur forum kerjasama ASEM melalui 2 (dua) perspektif, Asia dan Eropa.Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan berupa abstraksi yaitu: Kebijakan Uni Eropa untuk mengevaluasi kembali secara lebih mendalam terhadap Asia yang dituangkan dalam dokumen berjudul Towards a New Strategy Commission of the European Communities pada tahun 1994 kemudian dipertegas lagi dengan dikeluarkannya dokumen berjudul Europe and Asia: A Strategic Framework for Enhance Partnerships, kedua dokumen tersebut merupakan landasan utama bagi Uni Eropa dalam menjalin hubungan kerjasama dengan negara-negara di Asia.Hubungan kerjasama antara Asia dan Eropa yang tergabung dalam forum Asia Europe Meeting (ASEM) dan bersifat informal Meeting dikukuhkan dalam Bangkok Declaration pada tanggal 2 Maret 1996 di Bangkok, Thailand yang dilandasi oleh sikap saling menghormati, terbuka dan sejajar dengan ditopang oleh tiga pilar utama yaitu Politik, Ekonomi dan Budaya-Intelektual.Kerjasama di bidang ekonomi antara Asia dan Eropa dilandasi oleh pengakuan bersama bahwa pasar besar Asia membutuhkan barang-barang konsumen dalam jumlah yang sangat besar, peraturan mengenai modal keuangan dan infrastruktur. Sementara Eropa merupakan pasar utama dunia bagi barang-barang investasi dan jasa terutama sejak berdirinya European Single Market (EMU). Kondisi ini yang membuka peluang bagi Asia dan Eropa untuk saling bekerjasama dalam lalu lintas pasar barang, modal, infrastruktur, keahlian, alih teknologi, dsb.Guna mempromosikan perdagangan dan investasi yang lebih intensif antar kedua kawasan maka disepakati adanya langkah-langkah bagi liberalisasi dan fasilitas perdagangan diantaranya berupa penyederhanaan dan perbaikan prosedur kepabeanan, pengurangan atau penghilangan berbagai hambatan tarif dan non-tarif, memajukan usaha kecil-menengah, dsb.Maka kemitraan yang kuat dan sejajar antara Asia dan Eropa harus dimanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin guna memperbesar aliran perdagangan dan investasi secara dua arah dengan tetap berada di bawah peraturan World Trade Organization (WTO) yang berkomitmcn pada ekonomi pasar, sistem perdagangan multilateral yang terbuka, liberalisasi perdagangan yang non-diskriminasi serta regionalisme yang terbuka,Kerjasama ASEM yang relatif masih muda tidak luput dari berbagai masalah, hambatan, peluang dan tantangan namun adanya keinginan bersama kedua kawasan untuk lebih memajukan perekono nian mereka, perlahan namun pasti peran dan prospek hubungan kerjasama dibidang ekonomi antara Asia dan Eropa akan meningkat dan diperhitungkan dalam dunia internasional.

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ABSTRAK

This research is started with the writer's hope to acknowledge the relationship between the two regions between Asia and Europe in the cooperation forum of Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM).

To direct a research, a research problem is formulated: how the role and prospect of cooperation relation between Asia and Europe in developing the cooperation between Asia and Europe.

This research used the multidisciplinary method, which is the international relations science, international law science, and focused on the international economy science discipline (European economy) by analyzing the pillar economy in depth in the ASEM cooperation forum structure within 2 (two) perspectives, Asia and Europe,

The result of the conducted research comes in form of an abstraction, that is: European Union Policy to re-evaluate Asia in depth that should be stipulated in the documents entitled Towards a New Strategy Commission of the European Communities in 1994. This shall restrengthen the view of European Union (EU) on Asia in 2001. Another document, entitled Europe and Asia: A Strategic Framework for Enhanced Partnerships was issued. The two documents came as the main base for European Union (EU) to establish cooperation relationship with Asian countries.

The cooperation relation between Asia and Europe joining in the forum of Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) and tends to be Informal Meeting was strengthened in the Bangkok Declaration on March 2. 1996 in Bangkok, Thailand based on the respect, open and equal principles supported by three main pillars, that are Politics, Economy and Culture-Intellectual.

The cooperation in the economic sector between Asia and Europe was based on the joint testimony that Asian major market requires consumer products in huge number, regulation on the finance and infrastructure capitals. Meanwhile, Europe is an international major market for investment and service products, particularly since the establishment of European Single Market (EMU). This condition opens opportunity for Asia and Europe to work together in the traffic of capital market, capital, infrastructure, expertise, technology transfer, etc.

In order to promote a more intensive trade and investment between the two regions, several measures for liberalization and trade facilities have been approved including simplifying and improvement of taxation procedures, the lessening or nullification of tariffs and non-tariffs problems, improving the small-middle enterprises, etc.

A strong and equal partnership between Asia and Europe must be maximized to improve the trade flow and investment in two ways by still being under the World Trade Organization (WTO) that is committed to the market economy, an open multilateral trade system, non-discriminative trade liberalization and an open regionalism.

An ASEM cooperation that is still relatively new suffers various problems, obstacles and opportunity. However, the joint hope between the two regions to improve the economy will increase the role and prospects in economic cooperation between Asia and Europe and make them accountable in the international world."