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"[ABSTRAKTugas Karya Akhir ini membahas mengenai kebijakan Mandatory Sentencing Law yang diberlakukan di Northern Territory, Australia dengan memberikan hukuman wajib atau hukuman minimal bagi pelaku tindak kejahatan properti dengan melihatdampaknya terhadap masyarakat Aborigin. Melalui model penelitian kualitatif,penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari sebuah kebijakan terhadapkelompok minoritas di Australia. Teori kebijakan publik oleh James E. Andersondigunakan untuk menjelaskan dampak kebijakan publik terhadap kelompokminoritas.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis scrutinizes Mandatory Sentencing Law as public policy that enforced inNorthern Territory, Australia by giving fixed or minimum penalty to the property offenders and see how its impact on indigenous people of Australia. Through a qualitative research, this study aims to discover impact of public policy on minoritygroup in Australia. The public policy theory by James E. Anderson is the theorywhich used in this thesis to explain the impact of public policy to minority group., This thesis scrutinizes Mandatory Sentencing Law as public policy that enforced inNorthern Territory, Australia by giving fixed or minimum penalty to the property offenders and see how its impact on indigenous people of Australia. Through a qualitative research, this study aims to discover impact of public policy on minoritygroup in Australia. The public policy theory by James E. Anderson is the theorywhich used in this thesis to explain the impact of public policy to minority group.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami tanggungjawab negara dalam penyelenggaraan rumah susun sebagai bagian dari lingkup pelayanan publik, sebagaimana rumah susun merupakan salah satu solusi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar tempat tinggal yang tercantum pada Pasal 5 Undang- Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 tentang Pelayanan Publik dan juga sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi permukiman informal seperti permukiman kumuh, dan maka dari itu penyelenggaraan rumah susun merupakan bagian dari kepentingan umum dan kepentingan negara berdasarkan Pasal 18 Undang- Undang Pokok Agraria dan Pasal 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 1961 tentang Pencabutan Hak- Hak Tanah dan Benda-Benda Yang Ada Diatasnya yang menyatakan kepentingan umum termasuk ”kepentingan bangsa dan negara serta kepentingan bersama rakyat”. Penelitian normatif ini dilakukan dengan melakukan studi literatur, peraturan perundang-undangan serta menggunakan data-data relevan, bersifat deskriptif dan berbentuk evaluatif, yakni menilai atau mengukur pelaksanaan pelayanan publik dan perwujudan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik di Indonesia dengan mempelajari kasus-kasus penyelenggaraan rumah susun di DKI Jakarta yakni Kalibata City dan TOD Tanjung Barat yang keduanya merupakan program pemerintah.

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This research aims to comprehend the responsibility of the state concerning the provision of condominiums as part of public services, as provision of housing is stated in Article 5 of Public Services Act No. 25 of 2009. The provision of condominiums is one of the means that could be done as solution to meet the people’s need of housing and to overcome the problem of informal settlements such as slums in urban areas; and thus, the provision of condominiums is a part of the public interest, as stated in Article 18 of the Agrarian Act No. 5 of 1960 and Article 1 of Revocation of Land Rights and Objects Act No. 20 of 1961 that the public interest includes "the interests of the nation, the state, as well as the common interests of the people". This normative research is carried out by studying literatures and regulations, relevant data(s), and assesses the quality of the public services and good governance in Indonesia descriptively by evaluating cases of condominiums in DKI Jakarta, namely Kalibata City and TOD Tanjung Barat; both of which are programs of the government."

"Derasnya arus informasi di media sosial berdampak pada kemunculan berita palsu dan menyebabkan konflik di masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, beberapa negara mengeluarkan regulasi untuk mengatur berita palsu, termasuk Singapura dengan kebijakan POFMA (Protection of Falsehood and Manipulation Act). POFMA diberlakukan kepada oposisi hingga masyarakat umum. POFMA juga diberlakukan pada masa Pemilihan Umum 2020 yang dimenangkan oleh partai berkuasa People’s Action Party (PAP) dalam kondisi Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa POFMA dimanfaatkan oleh PAP sebagai salah satu cara untuk mempertahankan kekuasaannya. Sebelum POFMA dibentuk, PAP telah melakukan kontrol politik terhadap oposisi dalam struktur negara dan media massa serta masyarakat umum dengan pembentukan lembaga, skema pemilu, dan kebijakan yang membatasi kebebasan. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teori three pillars of stability milik Gerschewski yang membahas tiga pilar penting yang saling berkaitan untuk mempertahankan stabilitas rezim, yaitu pilar legitimasi, kooptasi, dan represi. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data yang bersumber dari studi pustaka berupa buku, jurnal, dokumen resmi, dan website. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pilar legitimasi didapatkan melalui survei persepsi masyarakat terhadap berita palsu, green paper, public hearing, dan dukungan masyarakat setelah POFMA disahkan. Masyarakat mendukung POFMA karena berperan dalam mengatasi berita palsu terutama dalam isu kepentingan publik. Pilar kooptasi dapat dilihat melalui kooptasi perusahaan media sosial, POFMA Office, dan civil servants. Pilar represi diperlihatkan melalui topik kasus yang diberlakukan POFMA, jenis koreksi yang dikeluarkan, dan pihak-pihak yang mendapat pemberlakuan POFMA. Kata kunci: POFMA, Mempertahankan Kekuasaan PAP, Pemilihan Umum 2020.

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The rapid flow of information on social media has an impact on the emergence of fake news and causes conflict in society. Therefore, several countries have issued regulations to regulate fake news, including Singapore with the POFMA (Protection of Falsehood and Manipulation Act) policy. POFMA applies to the opposition until the general public. POFMA was also implemented during the 2020 General Election which was won by the ruling People's Action Party (PAP) during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study argues that POFMA is used by PAP as a way to maintain its power. Before POFMA was formed, the PAP had exercised political control over the opposition in the state structure and the mass media as well as the general public by establishing institutions, electoral schemes, and policies that limited freedom. This study was analyzed using Gerschewski's theory of three pillars of stability which discusses three important interrelated pillars to maintain regime stability, namely the pillars of legitimacy, co-optation, and repression. The research uses qualitative methods with data collection sourced from literature studies in the form of books, journals, official documents, and websites. The results showed that the pillars of legitimacy were obtained through a survey of public perceptions of fake news, green papers, public hearings, and community support after POFMA was ratified. The community supports POFMA because it plays a role in overcoming fake news, especially in issues of public interest. The pillar of co-optation can be seen through the co-optation of social media companies, POFMA Office, and civil servants. The pillars of repression are shown through the topics of the cases imposed by POFMA, the types of corrections issued, and the parties to whom POFMA is enforced. Keywords: POFMA, Maintaining PAP's Power, General Election 2020."

"ABSTRAKPengajuan penggantian UU No. 4 Tahun 1997 Tentang Penyandang Cacat dilakukan oleh Kelompok Kerja Koalisi Nasional Organisasi Penyandang Disabilitas (Pokja) atas dasar tidak relevannya lagi dengan amanah Convention on the Rights of Person with Disabilities (CRPD). Konsep kelompok kepentingan dan metode kualitatif digunakan sebagai pisau analisis untuk mendeskripsikan upayaupaya Pokja. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan upaya-upaya tersebut antara lain, melakukan pertemuan dengan Organisasi Penyandang Disabilitas (OPD) di Indonesia, para ahli, dan organisasi lain; mencari keterkaitan pelaksana dan pembuat kebijakan dalam penggantian UU tersebut; menginformasikan tujuan mereka melalui media; mengajukan draft RUU serta melobi eksekutif dan legislatif.

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ABSTRACT

Filing replacement Law four of 1997 on People with Disabilities conducted by the Working Group of the National Coalition for Disability Organizations (Pokja). This filling is based on the irrelevance to the mandate of the Convention on the Rights of Person with Disabilities (CRPD). The concept of interest groups and qualitative methods of analysis were used as a tools to describe the efforts of Pokja. These research find that the efforts of Pokja, such as; meeting with the Disabled People's Organization (DPO) in Indonesia, experts, and other organizations; looking for linkages implementer and policy makers in the replacement of the law; informing Pokja goals through the media; proposing draft legislation and lobbying the executive and legislative."