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"Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2002 tentang Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2003 adalah tindak pidana yang mempunyai karakteristik sebagai tindak pidana yang white collor crime, hal ini berhubungan dengan pelaku yang mempunyai kekuatan ekonomi ataupun kekuatan politik, subjek atau pelaku tindak pidana individu sebagai manusia dan juga dapat sebuah korporasi yang berbentuk organitation crimes dengan lalu lintas batas wilayah Negara atau transnasional. Dalam hal ini terdapat satu kasus yang berkaitan dengan hal tersebut yaitu kasus L/C fiktif Bank BNI berdasarkan putusan Nomor: 1982/PID.B/2004/PN.Jak.Sel) dengan terdakwa Adrian Herling Waworuntu. Pokok permasalahan yang timbul sehubungan dengan kasus L/C fiktif Bank BNI, yaitu dalam hal bagaimana ketentuan mengenai pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang yang berlaku di Indonesia serta bagaimana penggunaan L/C dalam perdagangan ekspor impor dapat dipakai sebagai upaya pencucian uang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan dan metode wawancara.

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The criminal act of money laundering as governed by Law Number 15 of 2002 on the Money Laundering Criminal Act as amended by Law Number 25 of 2003 is by character a criminal act that can be considered as a white collar crime. This takes the consideration of the actor of the crime which has the economical and political power, in addition to the subject or the perpetrator of the crime which can be both natural person and corporation such as crime organization acting in transnational and crossborder sphere. That being said, there is a relevant case, being the fraud L/C case of BNI Bank pursuant to court decision Number 1982/PID.B/2004/PN.Jak.Sel with Adrian Herling Waworuntu as the defendant. The main issue with regard to this case is how the regulations concerning the eradication of money laundering crime which prevails in Indonesia and L/C regulations for international trade (export-import) can be applied as a method of money laundering. The methodology for this research is literature study and interview."

"Bank is always given on to choice dilemmatic between guarantying service and security to client. Too tight security will yield service-disappointing client. On the contrary, service-gratifying client will sacrifice security system. Facing this dilemma, bank has to be wise and able to develop or build job procedure, which can guarantee security but on the other side have to remain to gratify client.Transaction in case of Bank of BNI represents the false transaction with indication of the transaction conducted without following rule of intern of Bank of BNI. Exporters that are company, which is the inclusive of Gramarindo Group and Petindo Group, have done fictitious exporting.The case of manipulation in bank of the BNI is not modestly. It is interesting to learn why manipulation a bank becomes choice by officer from circle of intern of bank and also by outside party. See characteristic of its crime hence manipulation of L/C in Bank of BNI can be classified as white-collar crime, specially the crime conducted by officer of company and also "outsider" owning relation or link with "insider".Motivation of the criminals, specially all perpetrators of manipulation of L/C in Bank of BNI can be existed as motivation of economics consisted of three possibility of, namely "requirement" (material obtained to fulfill commitment requirement or personal requirement), " greed" (advantage of material to answer the demand of certain personal target) and "opportunity" (availability of opportunity to answer the demand greed and requirement) and also the motivation impelled by a feeling of individual commitment in his relation or link with his group or others which have planted in himself; he do not wish to see that relation or link deteriorate for his deduction for doing crime supported by his group. Feebleness in banking sector, especially Bank of BNI, have to be comprehended by as a condition whereabouts all manipulation L/C perpetrator can do and realize his action easily."

"ABSTRAKDalam transaksi perdagangan internasional yang menggunakan letter of Credit (L/C) terdapat dua permasalah krusial. Pertama, pembayaran L/C hanya dapat dilakukan jika terdapat presentasi yang sesuai. Dalam praktiknya banyak terjadi ketidaksesuaian antara dokumen-dokumen yang disyaratkan oleh L/C (discrepancies). Kedua, bank hanya berurusan dengan dokumen-dokumen tidak dengan barang sehingga pihak beneficiary dari L/C yang berkudukan di negara lain sangat berpeluang melakukan fraud, seperti mempresentasikan dokumen yang dipersyaratkan L/C tetapi tidak melakukan pengiriman barang (ekspor fiktif) ataupun mengirimkan barang, namun barang yang dikirim merupakan barang rongsok. Pengadilan yang memiliki kewenangan memeriksa perkara sengketa demikian dalam praktiknya memiliki pandangan sendiri dalam memeriksa dan memutus perkara. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan tipologi deskriptif, sumber-sumber hukum di bidang L/C seperti aturan, doktrin dan praktik-praktik perbankan di bidang L/C dianalisis bersama-sama dengan putusan pengadilan mengenai discrepancies dan fraud. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan adanya perbedaan antara pertimbangan dan putusan pengadilan dengan pengaturan-pengaturan maupun dengan teori-teori yang ada di bidang hukum L/C.

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Letter of Credit (L/C) in international trade has two crusial issues. Firstly, the credit will only be honoured against complying presentation. In practice, presenting the documents to the bank seems like a hassle, there are a lot of discrepancies between the documents and L/C requirements. Secondly, banks only deal with documents and not with goods, therefore the beneficiary of L/C overseas have an advantageous opportunities to commit fraud, e.g. the beneficiary ships a non-existent cargo or the goods are in inferior quality or quantity. Court has judicial authority to hear and decide, they also have their own view when deciding such cases. This thesis uses qualitative research analytical and descriptive typological methods to address the issue. Thus the sources of L/C law, such as rules, doctrines and banking practices are analyzed together with the court verdict regarding discrepancies and fraud. The outcome of this study is to point out a contrast between the law of the L/C and the court verdict."

"Diilhami dari penelitian tentang metode pencucian uang melalui kartu kredit di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2002, sejumlah parameter dan pendekatan rezim anti pencucian uang disesuaikan dengan kondisi saat ini di Indonesia. Sebagai Financial Intelligence Unit, PPATK merupakan kunci sentral dari Rezim Anti Pencucian Uang di Indonesia dan ditantang untuk menemukan metoda pencegahan pencucian uang yang efektif di Indonesia. Ketika pencucian uang di Indonesia sangat lekat dengan korupsi dan penyuapan, PPATK mengungkap bahwa pencucian uang melalui kartu kredit adalah hal baru di Indonesia. Penelitian ini berupaya melihat potensi risiko pencucian uang melalui transaksi kartu kredit di Indonesia, dimana praktek Credit Card Laundering yang mengandung potensi besar kerawanan dibiarkan menjamur. Penelitian diarahkan untuk memahami fenomena tersebut dan mendapatkan formulasi strategi yang handal untuk mencegah perluasan metoda pencucian uang dimasa yang akan datang. Pendekatan penelitian akan menggunakan studi kasus dalam bentuk gratifikasi. Analisa yang digunakan adalah sebuah pendekatan dengan metoda pengujian risiko dan ancaman yang mengikuti formula R = T + V + C. Berdasarkan sejumlah masukan dan temuan yang terungkap selama penelitian diketahui bahwa pemasalahan utama yang menjadi risiko terbesar yang dihadapi adalah kerentanan akibat tidak adanya sinergi antar PPATK, regulator dan penegak hukum serta pihak pelapor (PJK). Selain itu kemampuan intervensi PPATK yang lemah serta pemahaman dari hakikat pencucian uang yang masih minim.

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Inspired by a research held on 2002 in United States regarding Money Laundering Extension through Credit Cards, this research was set with some adjustment of parameters and approach to anti-money laundering regime adapted to current conditions in Indonesia. As a Financial Intelligence Unit, INTRAC is a central key of the Anti-Money Laundering Regime in Indonesia and challenged to find a method of prevention of money laundering in Indonesia. While money laundering in Indonesia very closely with corruption and bribery, PPATK revealed that money laundering through a credit card is a new thing in Indonesia. This study seeks to look at the potential risk of money laundering through credit card transactions in Indonesia. The practice of Credit Card Laundering which is known to potentially vulnerable for money laundering was greatly accepted as a common practice in Indonesia. The research directed to understanding the phenomenon and to obtain a reliable strategy formulation for the prevention of money laundering methods in the future. Research approach will use a case study in the form of gratification. The analysis used in this research will be tested with risks assessment formulation as follows R = T + V + C. The number of entries and the findings revealed during research had raised the core problem facing in risk mitigation is vulnerability due to the lack of synergy between INTRAC, regulators and law enforcement agencies as well as the complainant (CHD). In addition, INTRAC capabilities to intervention were inadequate and there is lack of understanding for the nature of money laundering itself within the society."

"Keterbatasan sumber daya alam suatu negara menimbulkan interaksi antar negara guna memenuhi keterbatasan tersebut sehingga terjadi perdagangan internasional. Perkembangan perdagangan internasional yang cukup pesat membutuhkan mekanisme pembayaran yang aman dan dapat melindungi para pihak yang terkait di dalamnya. Hingga saat ini L/C dipandang sebagai alat pembayaran yang paling aman karena cukup memiliki kepercayaan untuk melindungi para pihak yang terlibat dalam transaksi L/C yaitu dalam hal ini adalah eksportir, importir dan bank.BNI adalah salah satu lembaga perbankan yang memiliki ijin sebagai bank devisa dan dengan demikian melayani pembukaan fasilitas L/C maupun pembayaran L/C. Pembukaan dan pembayaran fasilitas L/C bagi nasabah BNI melalui proses dan prosedur yang telah ditetapkan secara intern oleh perusahaan dengan tetap mengacu pada ketentuan nasional dan internasional. Fasilitas Negosiasi Wesel Ekspor (NWE) adalah salah satu bentuk kewenangan yang diberikan kepada masing- masing kantor cabang BNI untuk melakukan negosiasi atas L/C masuk. Hal ini juga merupakan suatu bukti bahwa BNI turut serta mendukung percepatan pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Namun demikian pada fasilitas L/C tetap melekat resiko bagi para pihak yang terlibat didalamnya.Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa peran BNI dalam mengakomodasi kepentingan eksportir adalah salah satunya sebagai mediator kepentingan eksportir dan importir. Bagi eksportir khususnya BNI berperan sebagai bank pembayar melalui fasilitas NWE yang diberikan kepada kantor cabang. Namun tetap harus mempertimbangkan resiko yang secara garis besar adalah unpaid bills, delay of payment, double payment, settlement of delay, fraud. Masing- masing resiko tersebut memiliki keterkaitan antara pihak yang satu dan pihak yang lain. Untuk itu mutlak bagi para pihak untuk menguasai aturan main dalam transaksi L/C guna meminimalisir resiko yang mungkin terjadi.

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The limitations of nature resources of a country caused the International interaction in order to fills these limitations so as to the International trade happen. The development of the quite fast intemational trade needed the mechanism of safe payment and could protect the related sides inside. Nowdays L/C was gazed at as the payment implement that was safest because really had the belief to protect the sides that were involved in the transaction L/C that is in this case was the exporter, the importer and the bank.

BNI was one of the bank that had permission as the foreign exchange bank and therefore served the facilities opening L/C facilities and L/C payment. Opening and payment L/C facilities for the BNI customer through the process and the procedure that were appointed intemally permanentiy to refer by the company in the national and International provisions. Negotiated Bill Export facilities (NWE) was one of the forms of the authority that was given to the BNI branch office to execute Negotiated Bill Export. This shown us that BNI supported the acceleration of the growth of the country's economics. But however there is a risk for every party in L/C.

As the conclusion that the BNI role in accomodated the exporter interests were as a mediator of the exporter and the importer. For the exporter especially BNI played as a paying bank through Negotiated Bill Export facilities that were given to the branch office. However there is a risk such as unpaid bills, delay of payment, double payment, settlement of delay, fraud. Each of this risk had the connection between. So very important for every party to understand rules of play in the L/C transaction in order to minimises the risk that possibly happened."