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"ABSTRAKMahkamah Konstitusi mempunyai fungsi untuk mengawal konstitusi agar dilaksanakan dan dihormati baik penyelenggara kekuasaan negara maupun warga negara. Tak ayal, reformasi hukum di Indonesia menjadi prasyarat untuk menjadi negara hukum yang demokratis. Salah satu bentuk reformasi hukum dalam institusi kekuasan kehakiman adalah gagasan mengadopsi mekanisme constitusional question kedalam sistem peradilan konstitusi. Constitutional question merujuk pada suatu mekanisme pengujian konstitusionalitas undang- undang, yaitu dalam hal seorang hakim yang sedang mengadili suatu perkara ragu-ragu mengenai konstitusionalitas undang-undang yang berlaku untuk perkara tersebut. Oleh karena itu, skripsi ini ingin membahas mengenai urgensi penerapan kewenangan constitutional question di Indonesia dan alternatif penerapan constitutional question di Indonesia. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah penulisan yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan bahan kepustakaan serta wawancara. Dari hasil riset didapati bahwa terdapat urgensi untuk menambahkan kewenangan constitutional question di Indonesia. Diadopsinya mekanisme constitutional question adalah bentuk pemberian perlindungan maksimum terhadap hak konstitusional warga negara. Dengan adanya mekanisme tersebut, dapat dihindari adanya putusan hakim yang bertentangan dengan konstitusi dan melanggar hak konstitusional warga negara; ruang pengujian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan semakin luas; dan dapat dihindari adanya pelanggaran hak konstitusional yang tidak diperlukan. Bila diterapkan di Indonesia, dasar kewenangan constitutional question dapat diatur melalui amandemen konstitusi, revisi Undang-Undang Mahkamah Konstitusi, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, ataupun perluasan legal standing lembaga negara sebagai salah satu pemohon constitutional review. Dalam pelaksanaannya, pemohon constitutional question, baik hanya hakim peradilan umum maupun dibuka peluang bagi pihak yang berperkara, mengajukan permohonannya melalui kepaniteraan pengadilan tersebut untuk selanjutnya diolah oleh Ketua Pengadilan dan diajukan ke Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam bentuk serupa dengan constitutional review. Selain itu, perlu diatur mengenai kualifikasi pemohon constitutional question dan pembatasan waktu penanganan perkara constitutional question oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi.

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ABSTRACTThe Constitutional Court functions to oversee the implementation of the constitution both by state and citizen. Needless to say, legal reform in Indonesia is a requirement to be a democratic legal state. One part of legal reform in the institution of judicial power is the idea of adopting a constitutional questioning mechanism into the constitutional court system. Constitutional question refers to a mechanism for examining the constitutionality of a law, namely in the case of a judge who is adjudicating a case has a doubt regarding the constitutionality of the law applicable in the case. Therefore, this thesis would like to examine about the urgency of applying constitutional question and alternative way to implement constitutional question in Indonesia. Research method used is normative juridical writing with qualitative approach from library materials and interview. The research results found the urgency for the implementation of constitutional question in Indonesia. The adoption of the constitutional question mechanism is a form of maximum protection to the citizen rsquo s constitutional rights. With the existence of such mechanism, court decisions that are contrary to the constitution and violate the constitutional rights of the citizens can be avoided the testing material of the legislation becomes expansive and unnecessary constitutional rights violations can be avoided. If applied in Indonesia, the basis of the authority of constitutional question may be regulated through constitutional amendment, the revision of the Constitutional Court Law, the Constitutional Court Decision, or the extension of legal standing of state institutions as one of the applicants for constitutional review. In implementation, the applicant of constituional question, whether only judges from general courts or the opportunty will also be opened for litigant, files the application through the secretariat of the court. Henceforth the application will be processed by chairman of court and submitted to Constitutional Court in form similar to constitutional review. In addition, it is necessary to regulate the applicant 39 s qualification of constitutional question and time limitation for handling of constitutional question by the Constitutional Court. "

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai kedudukan dan hak-hak buruh ketika proses kepailitan pada perusahaan, terlebih pasca berlakunya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 67/PUU-XI/2013. Selain itu penelitian ini akan membahas perbandingan dari kedudukan para kreditur dalam perkara pailit, berkaitan dengan manakan kreditur yang harus didahulukan untuk dilakukan pembayarannya. Oleh karena hal tersebut penelitian ini akan dirumuskan beberapa masalah mengenai kedudukan hak-hak buruh pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 67/PUU-XI/2013, serta bagaimana perbandingan dari kedudukan tersebut di negara lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan konseptual (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, kedudukan hak-hak buruh dalam keadaan pailit pada Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 67/PUU-XI/2013 menjadi prioritas utama yang harus dibayarkan terlebih dahulu dari seluruh kreditur lainnya. Kedua, berdasarkan perbandingan dari negara-negara seperti China, Singapura dan Jepang menunjukkan bahwa, hak buruh seperti upah tidak harus dibayarkan pertama kali melainkan terdapat beberapa kreditur yang memiliki hak eksklusif . Ketiga, upah buruh sejatinya tidak perlu ditempatkan pada posisi pertama, melainkan kreditur separatis demi menciptakan kepastian hukum atas perjanjian yang telah dibuat antara kreditur separatis dan debitur pailit.

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This thesis discusses the position and rights of workers during the bankruptcy process at the company, especially after the enactment of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 67/PUU-XI/2013. In addition, this study will discuss a comparison of the positions of creditors in bankruptcy cases, relating to which creditor must take precedence for payment. Because of this, this research will formulate several problems regarding the position of labor rights after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 67/PUU-XI/2013, as well as how the comparison of these positions in other countries. This study uses normative research methods with a statutory approach (statute approach) and conceptual (conceptual approach). The results of the study show that, first, the position of labor rights in a state of bankruptcy in the Constitutional Court Decision Number 67/PUU-XI/2013 is a top priority that must be paid in advance from all other creditors. Second, based on comparisons from countries such as China, Singapore and Japan, it shows that labor rights such as wages do not have to be paid the first time, but there are several creditors who have exclusive rights. Third, labor wages do not really need to be placed in the first position, but separatist creditors in order to create legal certainty over agreements made between separatist creditors and bankrupt debtors."

"[Indonesia adalah negara yang berdasar atas hukum, kehadiran pengadilan menjadi syarat penting bagi tegaknya negara hukum. Pasca perubahan UUD 1945 Indonesia telah memilih membagi kekuasaan kehakiman dilaksanakan oleh Mahkamah Agung dan Mahkamah Konstitusi dengan salah satu kewenangannya menguji undang-undang terhadap UUD, Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai The Guardian of The Constitution mempunyai peran tersendiri dalam pembentukan budaya konstitusi di Indonesia. Komitmen terhadap konstitusionalisme merupakan suatu budaya konstitusi yang juga akan mendinamisasi konstitusi itu sendiri. Komitmen terhadap UUD 1945 sebagai pembatasan terhadap kekuasaan- kekuasaan yang ada dalam negara dan jaminan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak konstitusional yang harus dilindungi oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam melaksanakan kewenangannya menguji undang-undang akan memperjelas konstitusionalisme di Indonesia. Pembahasan budaya konstitusi dalam tulisan ini difokuskan pada pengertian budaya konstitusi yang akan mempengaruhi pelaksanaan suatu konstitusi dalam praktek oleh ’’institusi formal negara” terutama dalam hubungannya dengan warga negara. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif, yakni penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder belaka, disamping itu penelitian ini dilengkapi dengan studi historis dan studi perbandingan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam melaksanakan tugasnya menguji undang- undang terhadap UUD 1945 telah menggunakan berbagai metode penafsiran konstitusi, yang ditujukan untuk menegakan hukum dan keadilan sebagaimana diamanatkan UUD 1945, keadilan dimaksud diterjemahkan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai keadilan substantif. Berdasarkan beberapa putusannya nampak bahwa penafsiran konstitusi yang dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi telah memperluas beberapa pengertian yang ada dalam UUD 1945, budaya konstitusi yang nampak berdasarkan beberapa putusan pengujian undang-undang terhadap UUD 1945 mengarah pada dilakukannnya judicial activism oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Kehadiran Mahkamah Konstitusi diharapkan melengkapi sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia, sesuai dengan fungsi dan kedudukannya dan dapat memotivasi kineija lembaga negara lain, dalam hal ini pembentuk undang-undang agar dapat menghasilkan produk hukum yang lebih baik dan tidak bertentangan dengan UUD 1945.;The existence of court in Indonesia as the modern rule of law state, becomes important as requisite for the rule of law principle. After the amendment of the Constitution Indonesia has chosen to share judicial power held by the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court with the authority to judicial review of legislation act against the Constitution, the Constitutional Court as Guardian of the Constitution has its own role in establishing constitutional culture in Indonesia. Commitment to constitutionalism is a distinctive constitutional culture which will also develop the constitution itself Commitment to UUD 1945 as the limitation to the powers that exist in the country and guarantee the protection of constitutional rights that must be protected by the Constitutional Court with the authority to review as the implementation of Indonesia constitutionalism. Constitutional culture discuss in this paper is focused on understanding constitutional culture which will affect the implementation of the constitution in practice by the "the formal institutions of the state ", especially in relation to the citizenry. The method used in this research is a juridical-normative research methods, i.e., legal research are done by secondary data Legal materials used in this study. It consisted of primary legal materials, secondary and tertiary legal materials, with completed with a study of historical and comparative study. Based on the research, it is known that the Constitutional Court in judicial review the legislation to the constitution has used various methods of Constitutional interpretation to uphold the law and substantive justice. From some of the decision appears that the constitutional interpretation made by the Constitutional Court is expanding the existing notions of UUD 1945, the Constitutional Court leads to judicial activism. The presence of the Constitutional Court is expected to complement the government system of Indonesia, in accordance with the function can motivate the performance of other state institutions, in this case is the legislator in order to establish better legislation and not contradict with UUD 1945.;The existence of court in Indonesia as the modern rule of law state, becomes important as requisite for the rule of law principle. After the amendment of the Constitution Indonesia has chosen to share judicial power held by the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court with the authority to judicial review of legislation act against the Constitution, the Constitutional Court as Guardian of the Constitution has its own role in establishing constitutional culture in Indonesia. Commitment to constitutionalism is a distinctive constitutional culture which will also develop the constitution itself Commitment to UUD 1945 as the limitation to the powers that exist in the country and guarantee the protection of constitutional rights that must be protected by the Constitutional Court with the authority to review as the implementation of Indonesia constitutionalism. Constitutional culture discuss in this paper is focused on understanding constitutional culture which will affect the implementation of the constitution in practice by the "the formal institutions of the state ", especially in relation to the citizenry. The method used in this research is a juridical-normative research methods, i.e., legal research are done by secondary data Legal materials used in this study. It consisted of primary legal materials, secondary and tertiary legal materials, with completed with a study of historical and comparative study. Based on the research, it is known that the Constitutional Court in judicial review the legislation to the constitution has used various methods of Constitutional interpretation to uphold the law and substantive justice. From some of the decision appears that the constitutional interpretation made by the Constitutional Court is expanding the existing notions of UUD 1945, the Constitutional Court leads to judicial activism. The presence of the Constitutional Court is expected to complement the government system of Indonesia, in accordance with the function can motivate the performance of other state institutions, in this case is the legislator in order to establish better legislation and not contradict with UUD 1945., The existence of court in Indonesia as the modern rule of law state, becomes important as requisite for the rule of law principle. After the amendment of the Constitution Indonesia has chosen to share judicial power held by the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court with the authority to judicial review of legislation act against the Constitution, the Constitutional Court as Guardian of the Constitution has its own role in establishing constitutional culture in Indonesia. Commitment to constitutionalism is a distinctive constitutional culture which will also develop the constitution itself Commitment to UUD 1945 as the limitation to the powers that exist in the country and guarantee the protection of constitutional rights that must be protected by the Constitutional Court with the authority to review as the implementation of Indonesia constitutionalism. Constitutional culture discuss in this paper is focused on understanding constitutional culture which will affect the implementation of the constitution in practice by the "the formal institutions of the state ", especially in relation to the citizenry. The method used in this research is a juridical-normative research methods, i.e., legal research are done by secondary data Legal materials used in this study. It consisted of primary legal materials, secondary and tertiary legal materials, with completed with a study of historical and comparative study. Based on the research, it is known that the Constitutional Court in judicial review the legislation to the constitution has used various methods of Constitutional interpretation to uphold the law and substantive justice. From some of the decision appears that the constitutional interpretation made by the Constitutional Court is expanding the existing notions of UUD 1945, the Constitutional Court leads to judicial activism. The presence of the Constitutional Court is expected to complement the government system of Indonesia, in accordance with the function can motivate the performance of other state institutions, in this case is the legislator in order to establish better legislation and not contradict with UUD 1945.]"

"Penelitian ini membahas komunikasi yang terjadi dalam persidangan di Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia (MKRI) sebagai ruang publik. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan melalui metode studi kasus dengan desain studi multikasus. Dari hasil observasi yang dilakukan dapat diungkapkan bahwa proses komunikasi persidangan MKRI memenuhi kategori ruang publik. Dalam proses persidangan memang terjadi adanya intimidasi dalam persidangan di antara para pihak maupun perlakuan tidak setara yang dilakukan oleh Hakim Konstitusi. Namun secara keseluruhan proses komunikasi dalam persidangan MKRI termasuk sebagai ruang publik.

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This study discusses the communication that occurs in the trial in the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia (MKRI) as a public space. Qualitative research conducted through the case study method to multi-case study design. From the observations made can be disclosed that the communication process hearing MKRI meet public space category. In the process of the trial does take place for intimidation in the trial between the parties or unequal treatment is carried out by the Constitutional Court. But overall communication process in the trial MKRI including a public space."