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"ABSTRACTGambier (Uncaria gambier) is known to have antioxidant properties, and some studies have attributed it to the presenceof polyphenols such as catechin. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of various gambiers availablein Indonesian market as a scavenger of reactive freeradicals and evaluate its anti-hyperglycemic activity as α-glucosidase inhibitor. Isolation of catechin was done by extraction method with technical grade of ethyl acetate as solvent. Analysis of catechin in the dried gambier extract was carried out with TLC method. The molecular weight and content of catechin of dried gambier extract was determined by analyzing its mass spectra and spectrophotometer,respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of catechin of the resultant extracts was measured by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as stable free radical compound. The anti-hyperglycemic activity of catechin of ethyl acetate extracts was analyzed as α-glucosidase inhibitor. The result showed that various gambiers available in themarket are very active as antioxidant, indicated by IC50of catechin of ethyl acetate extracts which were 4.6 to 18.2μg/mL for DPPH inhibition. The IC50 for α-glucosidase inhibition is ranged from 40.45 to 52.43μ g/mL, so they can be classified as anti-diabetic."

"Sea cucumber is an important raw material for food and remedy in the Eastern region. However, a study focusing on identifying the health benefit of sea cucumbers from tropical waters is still limited. A study on the free radical scavenging activity of five selected sea cucumbers collected from Lampung waters, Indonesia has been done. The objective of this study was to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of five selected sea cucumbers, namely Stichopus vastus, Stichopus quadrifasciatus, Holothuria (Metriatyla) lessoni, Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota, and Bohadschia marmorata. The extraction method which used in this study was the maceration method using methanol solvent while the free radical scavenging activity test is carried out using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method. Compared to other species at a concentration of 250 µg/mL, S. vastus, S. quadrifasciatus, H. lessoni and H. leucospilota showed the strongest scavenging activity. While B. marmorata was classified as a very weak scavenging activity. It can be concluded that S. vastus, S. quadrifasciatus, H. lessoni H. leucospilota, and H. lessoni are important sea cucumbers from tropical waters as a source of natural antioxidant agents in the future."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol cabai keriting hijau (Capsicum annuum ?Joe?s Long Cayenne? Linnaeus) dengan vitamin C. Konsentrasi ekstrak etanol yang digunakan 10, 20, 50, 100 dan 500 μg/ml, sedangkan vitamin C 0,7, 1,4, 3,5, 7 dan 14 μg/ml. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) Free Radical Scavenging Assay. Dari metode ini, didapatkan nilai absorbansi dari hasil pengukuran spektrofotometri, yang kemudian dikonversi menjadi IC50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol cabai keriting hijau (Capsicum annuum ?Joe?s Long Cayenne? Linnaeus) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan lemah (IC50 >150 μg/ml) dengan nilai IC50 335,154±9,831 μg/ml, sedangkan vitamin C, memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat (<50 μg/ml) dengan nilai IC50 6,951 ± 0,05 μg/ml.

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The objective of this study is to compare the antioxidant activity of green long cayennes (Capsicum annuum ?Joe?s Long Cayenne? Linnaeus) with vitamin C. Concentrations used for the extract are 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 μg/ml, while vitamin C are 0.7, 1.4, 3.5, 7, and 14 μg/ml. Antioxidant activity is measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) Free Radical Scavenging Assay. From this assay, absorbance value will be obtained from spectophotometry, and then converted to IC50. The result of this research is that the extract of green long cayenne (Capsicum annuum ?Joe?s Long Cayenne? Linnaeus) shows weak antioxidant activity (IC50 >150 μg/ml), with IC50 value of 335.154±9.831 μg/ml. Meanwhile, vitamin C shows very strong antioxidant activity (<50 μg/ml), with IC50 value of 6.951 ± 0.050 μg/ml."

"Produk perawatan kesehatan kulit berbasis mikrobial khususnya postbiotik bakteri tengah dikembangkan karena mampu menjaga homeostasis mikrobiota kulit dan mencegah reaksi imunogenisitas. Postbiotik bakteri yang digunakan adalah berupa sel lisat terdiri dari bakteri asam laktat komensal kulit Staphylococcus hominis MBF12-19J, Micrococcus luteus MBF05-19J, Staphylococcus warneri MBF02-19J, dan Bacillus subtilis MBF10-19J yang berhasil diisolasi oleh peneliti terdahulu. Penggabungan beberapa bakteri menjadi bentuk koktail yang diproses menjadi lisat memiliki aktivitas lebih kuat sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi bahan aktif produk perawatan kulit. Lisat koktail perlu dilakukan pengeringan agar kualitas fisikokimia dan aktivitasnya terjaga serta terlindung dari degradasi akibat pengaruh molekul air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengarakterisasi fisikokimia, aktivitas, mengevaluasi stabilitas, dan merekomendasikan metode pengeringan untuk lisat koktail. Pengujian fisikokimia meliputi organoleptik, pH, kandungan lembab, distribusi ukuran partikel serta aktivitas penangkalan radikal bebas selama 12 pekan. Hasil menunjukkan serbuk lisat koktail kering semprot memiliki karakteristik yang halus, homogen, berwarna putih, higroskopis, beraroma khas inulin. Rentang pH 7,64-7,93, kandungan lembab 6,45-14,32%, ukuran partikel 955-1470 nm, aktivitas antiradikal bebas (IC50) dengan rentang 755,26-1140,48 µg/mL. Serbuk lisat koktail kering beku bersifat lebih kasar, berwarna kuning pucat, saling memisah antar butiran, beraroma khas inulin. Rentang pH 7,61-7,97, kandungan lembab 6,44-12,17%, ukuran partikel 1410-2460 nm, aktivitas antiradikal bebas (IC50) dengan rentang 513,53-859,21 µg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka metode pengeringan beku direkomendasikan untuk menghasilkan serbuk lisat koktail yang lebih stabil secara fisikokimia dan aktivitas antiradikal bebas yang lebih baik.

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Microbial-based skincare products, particularly bacterial postbiotics are currently being developed due to their ability to maintain skin microbiota homeostasis and prevent immunogenicity reaction. The postbiotics used are cell lysates consisting of skin commensal lactic acid bacteria Staphylococcus hominis MBF12-19J, Micrococcus luteus MBF05-19J, Staphylococcus warneri MBF02-19J, and Bacillus subtilis MBF10- 19J which successfully isolated from previous study. The combination of bacterial strains into cocktail form which was processed into lysate raises a stronger activity so it can be potential to be developed as an active ingredient. Cocktail lysates need to be dried to protect the physicochemical quality and activity against degradation because of the existance of water molecules. This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical, activity, evaluate the stability and recommend the drying method for cocktail lysates. Physicochemical parameters included organoleptic, pH, moisture content, particle size distribution, and radical scavenging activity for 12 weeks. Spray dried powder had smooth, homogeneous, white, hygroscopic, distinctive inulin aroma. The pH ranged from 7,64-7,93, moisture content 6,45-14,32%, particle size 955-1470 nm, radical scavenging activity (IC50) 755,26-1140,48 µg/mL. Freeze dried powder was coarser, pale yellow, separated between particles, had distinctive inulin aroma. The pH ranged from 7,61-7,97, moisture content 6,44-12,17%, particle size 1410-2460 nm, radical scavenging activity (IC50) 513,53-859,21 µg/mL. In conclusion, freeze drying is recommended to produce more stable cocktail lysate powders physicochemically and better antiradical activity."

"Saat ini telah banyak dikembangkan produk antioksidan, salah satunya produk teh herbal (herbal tea). Banyak tanaman di Indonesia yang memiliki potensi akan antioksidan yang baik bagi tubuh, namun belum dimanfaatkan secara luas oleh masyarakat Indonesia, salah satu diantaranya ialah rimpang kapulaga dan akar alang-alang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh aktivitas antioksidan sediaan teh dari kombinasi rimpang kapulaga dan akar alang-alang yang telah distandarisasi, dengan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal DPPH. Berdasarkan penapisan fitokimia yang telah dilakukan sebagai bagian dari standarisasi, diketahui bahwa rimpang kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum) memiliki kandungan flavonoid dan saponin, sedangkan akar alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) mengandung flavonoid. Sedangkan dari uji aktivitas antioksidan yang telah dilakukan, dapat diketahui bahwa nilai IC50 seduhan teh celup akar alang-alang (466,761 μg/mL) lebih baik dibandingkan IC50 seduhan teh celup rimpang kapulaga (482,698 μg/mL). Teh celup kombinasi rimpang kapulaga dan akar alang-alang memberikan aktivitas antioksidan terbaik pada perbandingan 3 : 7, dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 385,437 μg/mL. "

"Temulawak dan temu mangga merupakan tanaman obat yang sering digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional. Kedua tanaman ini sudah diteliti dan berpotensi sebagai penghambat aktivitas radikal bebas. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan standarisasi simplisia terhadap Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) dan Rimpang Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga), meliputi beberapa parameter yaitu kadar air, kadar abu total, kadar abu tak larut asam,kadar sari terlarut air, kadar sari terlarut etanol, pola kromatogram, kadar kurkuminoid. Simplisia yang sudah diuji berbagai parameter ini dikombinasikan menjadi sediaan teh herbal dalam berbagai perbandingan (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 dan 0:10) dan dilakukan uji penghambatan aktivitas antioksidan secara in vitro dengan menggunakan standard kuersetin sebagai pembanding. Seduhan teh dari Rimpang Temulawak tunggal memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap radikal DPPH lebih baik daripada Rimpang Temu Mangga tunggal, dengan Nilai IC50 seduhan rimpang temulawak (356,23 μg/mL), seduhan rimpang temu mangga (403,231 μg/mL), seduhan kombinasi 7:3 (424,495 μg/mL), seduhan kombinasi 5:5 (449,493 μg/mL), dan seduhan kombinasi 3:7 (461,888 μg/mL). Aktivitas antioksidan terbaik didapatkan pada teh herbal rimpang temulawak, dengan IC50 356,23 μg/mL. Rimpang Temulawak memiliki aktivitas penghambatan yang paling baik dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 356,23 μg/ml walaupun kurang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan.

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"Temulawak" and "Temu Mangga" are a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine. Both of these plants have a potential inhibitor of free radical activity. In this research, standardization of botanicals against rhizome temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) and Rhizome temu mangga (Curcuma manga)were done, includes several parameters such as moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extract levels, levels of dissolved ethanol extract, chromatogram patterns, levels of curcuminoids. Simplicia various parameters that have been tested are combined into herbal tea preparation in a variety of comparisons (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 and 0:10) and the inhibition test in vitro antioxidant activity using quercetin as standard comparison. Steeping tea from a single rhizome Curcuma have inhibitory activity against DPPH radicals better than any single rhizome Temu Mangga, with IC50 value steeping ginger rhizome (356.23 mg / mL), steeping rhizome Intersection mango (403.231 mg / mL), steeping a combination of 7: 3 (424.495 mg / mL), steeping a combination of 5:5 (449.493 mg / mL), and steeping a combination of 3:7 (461.888 mg / mL). Best antioxidant activity was found in herbal tea ginger rhizome, with IC50 356.23 mg / mL. Ginger rhizome has the best inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 356.23 ug / ml, although less potential as an antioxidant."

"Dedak Padi Oryza sativa L. adalah produk sampingan hasil penggilingan beras yang mengandung tokoferol, tokotrienol, ?-oryzanol, dan senyawa bioaktif lainnya. ?-Oryzanol merupakan salah satu komponen dari minyak dedak padi yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antineoplastik, hipolipidemia, dan berpotensi dikembangkan dalam bidang obat-obatan, kosmetik dan produk nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimisasi kondisi ?-oryzanol dengan IL- MAE (Ionic Liquid-Microwave Assisted Extraction) dan aktivitas penghambatan radikal bebas dengan metode DPPH 1,1 difenil-2-pIkrilhidrazil . Dedak padi diekstraksi menggunakan MAE Microwave Assisted Extraction dengan pelarut cairan ionik [Bmim]BF4. Kondisi ektraksi dibuat dalam empat parameter yaitu konsentrasi pelarut, rasio pelarut banding sampel, waktu ekstraksi, dan daya MAE. Proses optimasi dilakukan dengan bantuan RSM Response Surface Methodology . Hasil yang didapat yaitu kondisi optimal untuk memperoleh kadar ?-oryzanol adalah pada run 3 dengan kondisi konsentrasi pelarut 0,7 M dengan rasio sampel banding pelarut 1 : 15 gr/mL , waktu ekstraksi 10 menit dan daya MAE 30 Dan untuk aktivitas penghambatan diperoleh kondisi optimal pada run 1 dengan konsentrasi pelarut 0,7 M, rasio sampel banding pelarut 1 : 15 gr/mL , waktu ekstraksi 15 menit dan daya MAE 10 . Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan kadar ?-oryzanol yang didapat pada kondisi optimum adalah 0,41 mg/g indeks desirability 0,876 . serta persen penghambatan yang didapat pada kondisi optimum adalah 31,14 indeks desirability 0,780 . Hasil menunjukkan IL-MAE sebagai metode ekstraksi yang cocok untuk mengekstraksi bahan alam.

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Rice Oryza sativa L. bran is a by product of rice milling process that contain tocopherol, tocotrienol, oryzanol and others bioactive compound. Oryzanol is one of the components of rice bran oil which have the function as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antineoplastic, hypolipidemia and potential to be used in pharmaceuticals, cosmoceutical and nutraceutical. This study aimed to optimization condition of Oryzanol using IL MAE Ionic Liquid Microwave Assisted Extraction and the Inhibition activity with DPPH 1,1 diphenyl 2 pycrilhidrazil . Rice bran was extracted by MAE Microwave Assisted Extraction using Ionic Liquid Bmim BF4 as the solvent. This extraction used four parameters to determine optimum condition, including concentration, solid ratio, times, and power. The result of the optimization was processed using Response Surface Methodology RSM in Design Expert 10.03. The optimum condition of oryzanol content was found in run 3. The conditions was the IL concentration 0.7 M, solid liquid ratio 1 15 gr mL , extraction time of 10 min, and extraction power of 30 beside that, the result of free radical scavenging activity showed that the optimum condition was found in run 1. The optimum condition was in the IL concentration 0.7 M, solid liquid ratio 1 15 gr mL , extraction time of 15 min, extraction power of 10 . Based on this research, it can be concluded that the levels of oryzanol in optimum condition was 0.41 mg g desirability index of 0.876 and the optimum inhibition percentage of free radical scavenging activity was 31.14 desirability index 0.780 . The result showed that IL MAE was suitable extraction s method of natural product."

"Penggunaan lisat mikroba untuk perawatan kulit telah tumbuh secara substansial di pasaran. Lisat merupakan sel yang membran luarnya telah rusak karena bahan kimia atau proses fisik yang dikategorikan sebagai postbiotik. Posbiotik adalah produk inaktif atau metabolit dari mikroorganisme yang memiliki aktivitas biologis. Eksplorasi mikroba komensal kulit dalam pengembangan bahan aktif perawatan kulit telah dilakukan oleh peneliti terdahulu, empat galur bakteri dari sampel kulit suku Jawa, Staphylococcus hominis MBF12–19J, Staphylococcus warneri MBF02–19J, Bacillus subtilis MBF10–19J, Micrococcus luteus MBF05–19J. Penggabungan ke-empat galur bakteri dalam bentuk koktail telah dilakukan pada penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan metode perolehan rendemen (Yield) lisat koktail bakteri yang optimum dengan mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan masing-masing bakteri dalam media produksi dilanjutkan dengan proses koktail skala Batch fermentation menggunakan biofermentor 2L. Perolehan lisat optimum berupa debris sel dan fraksi lisat diproses melalui enkapsulasi dengan inulin dan maltodekstrin metode spray drying kemudian diuji aktivitas penangkalan radikal bebas dan analisis metabolomik untuk mengetahui profil metabolitnya. Hasil menunjukkan waktu inkubasi pertumbuhan optimum kultur bakteri individu skala biofermentor 2L untuk Micrococcus luteus MBF05-19J, Bacillus subtilis MBF10-19J, Staphylococcus warneri MBF02-19J, Staphylococcus hominis MBF12-19 adalah 21, 17, 7, dan 15 jam. Waktu inkubasi fermentasi 3 jam pada suhu 37 ℃, agitasi 50 RPM, aerasi 5% oksigen terlarut. Rendemen lisat koktail kering semprot sebesar 16,5325% dengan karakteristik serbuk putih, halus, homogen, higroskopis, beraroma khas lisat. Kandungan lembab 8,93%, ukuran partikel 1150-1470 nm, aktivitas antiradikal bebas (IC50) 755,258 μg/mL. Profil metabolit lisat koktail dan serbuk lisat kering semprot menunjukkan kandungan metabolit yang masih sama.

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The use of microbial lysates for skincare has substantially grown in the market. Lysates are cells with damaged outer membrane due to chemical or physical processes and categorized as postbiotics. Postbiotics are inactive product or metabolites of microorganisms with biological activities. Exploration of skin commensal microbes in the development of skincare active ingredients was carried out by previous study, four bacterial strains from Javanese skin samples, Staphylococcus hominis MBF12–19J, Staphylococcus warneri MBF02–19J, Bacillus subtilis MBF10–19J, Micrococcus luteus MBF05–19J. The combination of bacterial strains in cocktail form was completed in this study to obtain the optimum bacterial cocktail lysate yield method by optimizing each bacterium’s growth in production medium followed by Batch fermentation cocktail process using 2L biofermentor. Optimum lysate recovery of cell debris and lysate fraction was processed through encapsulation with inulin and maltodextrin by spray drying method, followed by radical scavenging assay and metabolomic analysis to determine the metabolite profile. The result showed the optimum growth culture incubation time of 2L biofermentor scale for Micrococcus luteus MBF05-19J, Bacillus subtilis MBF10-19J, Staphylococcus warneri MBF02-19J, Staphylococcus hominis MBF12-19 were 21, 17, 7, 15 hours respectively. Fermentation incubation time was 3 hours at 37 ℃, agitation 50 RPM, aeration 5% dissolved oxygen. The yield of spray dried cocktail lysate was 16,5325% with the characteristic of white, smooth, homogenous, hygroscopic, distinctive lysate aroma. Moisture content was 8,93%, particle size 1150-1470 nm, radical scavenging activity (IC50) 755,258 μg/mL. Metabolite profile of cocktail lysate and spray dried cocktail lysate remained the same."