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"Persinggungan antara gugatan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum, gugatan Wanprestasi, dan tindak pidana penipuan terjadi karena pada dasarnya unsur dari masing-masing tiga perbuatan tersebut melarang dilakukannya perbuatan dengan unsur penipuan. Unsur penipuan dari segi perdata dapat ditemukan pengaturannya pada Pasal 1328 KUHPerdata, sedangkan dari segi pidana dapat ditemukan pada Pasal 378 KUHP. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk membahas 2 (dua) pertanyaan penelitian: Pertama, mengenai persinggungan konsep antara pengajuan gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum, gugatan wanprestasi, dan tindak pidana penipuan. Kedua, mengenai bagaimana konsep pengajuan gugatan keperdataan bila diterapkan terhadap perkara putusan Nomor 449K/Pid/2001. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Letak persinggungan antara pengajuan gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum, gugatan wanprestasi dan tindak pidana penipuan ada pada perbuatan pelaku yang memiliki unsur penipuan (bedrog). Terhadap perkara NS permasalahan hukum yakni tidak terpenuhinya prestasi atas perjanjian pengadaan kayu yang dibuat oleh NS dengan YBJ. Maka terhadap perkara NS dapat dilakukan pengajuan gugatan perdata terhadap perkara NS.

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The intersection between a lawsuit against the law, a lawsuit for Default, and a criminal act of fraud occurs because basically, the elements of each of these three acts prohibit committing acts that contain elements of fraud. The element of fraud from a civil perspective can be found in Article 1328 of the civil code , while from a criminal perspective it can be found in Article 378 of the Criminal Code. This study uses a normative juridical method. This research was conducted to discuss 2 (two) research questions: First, regarding the intersection of concepts between filing a lawsuit against the law, a lawsuit for default, and a criminal act of fraud. Second, regarding how the concept of filing a civil lawsuit is applied to the case of decision Number 449K/Pid/2001. This study shows that the intersection between filing a lawsuit against the law, a lawsuit for default, and a criminal act of fraud is in the actions of the perpetrators who have elements of fraud (bedrog). In the case of NS, there are legal issues, namely the non-fulfillment of achievements in the timber procurement agreement made by NS and YBJ. Then the NS case can be filed a civil lawsuit against the NS case."

"This unique publication offers a complete history of Roman law, from its early beginnings through to its resurgence in Europe where it was widely applied until the eighteenth century. Besides a detailed overview of the sources of Roman law, the book also includes sections on private and criminal law and procedure, with special attention given to those aspects of Roman law that have particular importance to today's lawyer. The last three chapters of the book offer an overview of the history of Roman law from the early Middle Ages to modern times and illustrate the way in which Roman law furnished the basis of contemporary civil law systems. In this part, special attention is given to the factors that warranted the revival and subsequent reception of Roman law as the ‘common law’ of Continental Europe. Combining the perspectives of legal history with those of social and political history, the book can be profitably read by students and scholars, as well as by general readers with an interest in ancient and early European legal history.The civil law tradition is the oldest legal tradition in the world today, embracing many legal systems currently in force in Continental Europe, Latin America and other parts of the world. Despite the considerable differences in the substantive laws of civil law countries, a fundamental unity exists between them. The most obvious element of unity is the fact that the civil law systems are all derived from the same sources and their legal institutions are classified in accordance with a commonly accepted scheme existing prior to their own development, which they adopted and adapted at some stage in their history. Roman law is both in point of time and range of influence the first catalyst in the evolution of the civil law tradition."

"This book begins with a historical introduction, which traces the evolution of Roman law from the earliest period of Roman history up to and including Justinian's codification in the sixth century AD. Then follows an exposition of the principal institutions of Roman private law, the body of rules and principles relating to individuals in Roman society and regulating their personal and proprietary relationships. In this part of the book special attention is given to the Roman law of things, which forged the foundations for much of the modern law of property and obligations in European legal systems. Combining a law specialist's informed perspective with a historical and cultural focus."

"Salah satu bentuk penanganan bantuan teknis hukum dalam perkara perdata adalah bantuan penyampaian dokumen pengadilan. bantuan ini dapat berupa surat pemanggilan sidang terhadap pihak tergugat yang bertempat tinggal di luar yurisdiksi suatu negara, yang mana diatur dalam The Hague Service Convention 1965. Indonesia belum menjadi negara peserta konvensi tersebut, sehingga dalam menangani bantuan tersebut pada saat ini mengacu pad aNota Kesepahaman antara Mahkmah Agung Republik Indonesia dan Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia tentang Penanganan Permintaan Bantuan Teknis Hukum Dalam Masalah Perdata yang ditandatangani pada tanggal 19 Februari 2013 dan telah dieprbaharui pada tanggal 20 Februari 2018. Berdasarkan ketentuan hukum Indonesia, tata cara pemanggilan dilakukan dengan cara memberikan salinan panggilan kepada pemerintah melalui perwakilan Republik Indonesia setempat dengan menggunakan saluran diplomatik.Skripsi ini membahas mengenai aspek-aspek hukum acara perdata internasional terkait bantuan penyampaian dokumen pengadilan lintas yurisdiksi negara dalam perkara perdata pada pengadilan di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif yang menggunakan data sekunder. Berdasarkan kasus yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini, didpatkan ahsil bahwa proses penanganan bantuan penyampaian dokumen pengadilan yang melibatkan negara non peserta The Hague Service Convention 1965 merupakan proses yang panjang dan rumit serta dalam prakteknya di Indonesia masih kurang diterapkan secara tepat.

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One of form judicial assistance in civil cases is service of process of judicial document. This assistance may be a summons to a defendant who resides outside the jurisdiction of a countyr, which regulated in The Hague Service Convention 1965. Indonesia is not yet a party to the convention, therefore in handling such assistance currently referring to Memorandum of Understanding between Supreme Court of Republic of Indonesia and Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia on the handling requests for judicial assistance in civil cases signed on February, 19th 2013 and has been renewed on February, 20th 2018. Under Indonesian law, the procedure of summoning is done by giving a copy to the government through the representatives of the local Republic of Indonesia using diplomatic channels.

This thesis explains about international civil procedural law aspects regarding assistance for service of process of judicial document cross country jurisdiction in civil cases in Indonesian court. The research method used is juridical normative using secondary data. Based on the analyzed cases, the outcome is the handling process of assistance for service of process of judicial document which involving non contracting states of The Hague Service Convention 1965 are often long and complicated process and in practice in Indoensia is still not applied properly."