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"Typical clinical symptoms and chest X-ray is a marker of Tuberculosis (TB) sufferers. However, the diagnosis of TB in adults should be supported by microscopic examination. Currently, Bacilli microscopic examination of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) coloring is the most widely used. However, for reasons of convenience,especially for laboratories with a considerable amount of smear samples, and due to higher sensitivity compared with ZN staining, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of auramine-O-staining (fluorochrome staining), which is visualized by light emitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of modified light microscope with homemade LED additional attachment for examination ofAFB in sputum using auramine-O-staining method. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of 2 kinds of AFB in sputum methods: ZN and fluorochrome, using culture on Lowenstein-Jensen media as the gold standard. The results showed auramine-O-staining gives more proportion of positive findings (81%) compared to the ZN method (70%). These results demonstrated that the sensitivity of auramine-O-staining was higher than ZN, however it gives more potential false positive results than ZN. The sensitivity of auramine-O-staining in detecting AFB in sputum was 100% while the specificity was 88%."

"Measurement of non-invasive blood glucose is one way to increase the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose(SMBG). For NIR reflectance spectroscopy, its application in non-invasive constrained by high value of standard errorof prediction. The mean standard error of prediction was 25 mg/dL. Theoretically, NIR reflectance spectroscopy stillcan be used to predict blood glucose levels in certain conditions such as hypoglycemia (<55 mg/dL), controlled fastingblood glucose (FBG) (70-115 mg/dL), and hyperglycemia (>225 mg/dL), which the difference between the threeconditions is more than 25 mg/dL. The results showed that there were significant differences in standards values ofphotometer measurement between controlled FBG and hyperglycemic conditions (p = 0.002). The results also showedthat the photometer can be used to assist the monitoring of blood glucose in FBG under control and hyperglycemicconditions. It can be seen from the average percentage of the daily controlled FBG conditionsin patients conductingSMBG in photometer-assisted compared to in patientsonly use SMBG once a day (28% versus 18%, p = 0.344).Fotometer Sederhana sebagai Alat Bantu Pengukuran Glukosa Darah. Pengukuran glukosa darah secara noninvasifmerupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan frekuensi pemantauan glukosa darah mandiri (PGDM). Untukyang berbasis spektoskopi reflektansi NIR, penerapannya secara non-invasif terkendala nilai standar error of predictionyang tinggi. Namun demikian metode ini secara teori masih dapat dipakai untuk memprediksi kadar glukosa darah padakondisi tertentu seperti keadaan hipoglikemia (<55 mg/dL), gula darah puasa (GDP) terkendali (70-115 mg/dL), danhiperglikemia (>225 mg/dL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna standar nilaipengukuran fotometer antara kondisi GDP terkendali dan hiperglikemia (p = 0,002). Fotometer yang digunakan dapatmembantu pemantauan glukosa darah (PGDM pada kondisi GDP terkendali dan hiperglikemia). Hal ini dapat dilihatdari rata-rata persentase jumlah hari dengan kondisi GDP harian terkendali yang lebih besar pada PGDM yang dibantudengan fotometer dibandingkan PDGM yang dilakukan hanya satu kali sehari (28% berbanding 18%, p = 0,344)."

"Skin cancer is a malignant growth on the skin caused by many factors. The most common skin cancers are Basal CellCancer (BCC) and Squamous Cell Cancer (SCC). This research uses a discriminant analysis to classify some tissues ofskin cancer based on criterion number of independent variables. An independent variable is variation of excitation lightsources (LED lamp), filters, and sensors to measure Autofluorescence Intensity (IAF) of visible light to near infrared(VIS/NIR) ratio of paraffin embedded tissue biopsy from BCC, SCC, and Lipoma. From the result of discriminantanalysis, it is known that the discriminant function is determined by 4 (four) independent variables i.e., Blue LED-RedFilter, Blue LED-Yellow Filter, UV LED-Blue Filter, and UV LED-Yellow Filter. The accuracy of discriminant inclassifying the analysis of three skin cancer tissues is 100 %."

"Lampu Light Emitting Diode (LED) termasuk beban non-linear yang meng-injeksi distorsi harmonik pada sistem tenaga listrik. Penelitian ini disusun sebagai bentuk studi untuk mengetahui karakteristik harmonik lampu LED yang telah tersedia di pasaran. Studi tersebut dilakukan dengan melakukan pengukuran terhadap 9 buah sampel lampu LED dengan berbagai merk dan rating daya.Dari hasil pengukuran diketahui bahwa harmonik tegangan dan arus pada lampu LED adalah harmonik orde ganjil dengan nilai harmonik tegangan terbesar pada orde kelima dan nilai harmonik arus terbesar pada orde ketiga. Selain itu, masing-masing lampu LED memiliki bentuk gelombang terdistorsi yang berbeda satu sama lain.

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Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights including non-linear loads that produce harmonic distortion. This experiment held as a form of study to determine the characteristics of LED lamps that have been available in the market, especially on the characteristics of the harmonic distortion generated. The study is done by conducting measurement of the harmonic content of the various branded sample LED lamps with various power rating.

Based on the measurement, it is known that LED lamps have odd harmonic distortion. The biggest voltage harmonic measured is fifth harmonic and the biggest current harmonic measured is third harmonic."

"It was studied a process of a sexual reproduction in homothallic alga Closterium navicula, Conjugation in C. navicula (Brebisson) Lutkemuller results in production of single zygospore. Pairing symmetrical cells occurs prior to papillae formation. Papilla from one gametangial cell frequently rises out faster and larger than the other one. Previous to fusion of gametic protoplasms, papillae fuse to form one broad canal within the gametic protoplasm fuse and form one zygospore. The zygospore is slightly rounded with smooth wall."

"Simulator surya merupakan divais yang dapat menghasilkan cahaya dengan karakteristik menyerupai cahaya matahari guna pengukuran karakteristik benda-benda yang berinteraksi dengan cahaya matahari. Sebuah simulator surya harus memiliki karakteristik menyerupai cahaya matahari, oleh karena itu, pemilihan sumber cahaya yang baik sangat mempengaruhi kinerja dari suatu simulator surya.Pada skripsi ini dilakukan rancang bangun sumber cahaya simulator surya dengan memanfaatkan light-emitting diode yang mudah diperoleh di pasar lokal. Konfigurasi tersebut dirancang untuk memiliki karakteristik spektrum cahaya yang menyerupai matahari sesuai dengan standar spektrum acuan yaitu AM 1.5G. Pengukuran spektrum menggunakan spektrometer USB2000-VIS-NIR. Dari hasil uji coba pelbagai konfigurasi LED, diperoleh hasil terbaik dengan menggunakan 8 jenis warna LED yang disusun dalam 16 susunan oktagonal dalam satu rangkaian.

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Solar simulator is a device that can produce light which characteristics resembling the sunlight in order to measure characteristics of objects that interact with sunlight. A solar simulator should have characterisrics of light resembling the sun, therefore, the selection of good light source is greatly affects the performance of solar simulator.

In this undergraduate thesis, solar simulator light source by using light- emitting diodes configuration has been designed and built. The configuration is designed to have characteristics that resemble sunlight spectrum in accordance with the standard AM 1.5G reference spectrum and use light-emitting diode that easily got in the local market. The Spectrum is measured using a spectrometer USB2000-VIS-NIR. The using of 8 kinds of color LEDs that are arranged in 16 octagonal arrangements in a cirquit is obtained from the results of testing various LED configurations before."

"Pemakaian LCU dengan irradiansi tinggi secara medis berpotensi merusak jaringan pulpa gigi akibat kenaikan suhu yang ditimbulkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh prototipe LCU menggunakan High Power LED dengan 3 mode Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) untuk mengontrol sinar irradiansi sinar output pada mode 1 dengan irradiansi 800 mW/Cm2, mode 2 dengan irradiansi 900 mW/Cm2, mode 3 dengan irradiansi 1.000 mW/Cm2 yang berdurasi 5 detik, 10 detik dan 20 detik dan suhu sinar output ≤ 37 °C. Lampu yang digunakan LED biru high power komersial Model LZ4-00DB10 sebagai sumber sinar. Pengukuran irradiansi dan suhu dengan menggunakan LED Radiometer dan Thermocouple. Pada penelitian ini dihasilkan Prototipe LCU LED dengan metode kombinasi Pulse Width Modulation pada Mode 3 irradiansi 999 ± 3,16 mW/cm2 dan suhu sinar output 38,76 °C dengan durasi waktu penyinaran 20 detik. Pengaturan kombinasi PWM perlu disempurnakan lagi agar irradiansi diatas 1000 mW/cm2 dapat tercapai, sedangkan suhu sinar output LCU LED dapat terkendali tidak melebihi ≤ 37 °C.

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LCU with high irradiance medically potentially damage the dental pulp tissue due to the temperature rise caused objective of this study is to obtain a prototype LCU using High Power LED with 3 modes Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to control the output light beam irradiance in mode 1 with irradiance of 800 mW / cm2, mode 2 with irradiance of 900 mW / cm2, mode 3 with irradiance of 1,000 mW / cm2 which lasts 5 seconds, 10 seconds and 20 seconds and the temperature of the output beam ≤ 37°C. Commercial high power blue LED as a light source LZ4- 00DB10 model.

Irradiance and temperature measurement using the LED Radiometer and Thermocouple. In this study produced prototype LED LCU with a combination method Mode Pulse Width Modulation at 999 ± 3 irradiance of 3.16 mW / cm2 and a temperature of 38.76°C output beam with a duration of 20 seconds exposure time. PWM combination settings need to be revised so that the irradiance above 1000 mW / cm2 can be achieved, while the temperature of the output beam can be controlled LED LCU not ≤ 37°C."

"Provinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki potensi yang besar terutama dari segi perekonomian. Berbagai kalangan datang ke DKI Jakarta untuk mencari nafkah. Kesempatan ini dimanfaatkan sebagian kalangan untuk mempromosikan barang atau jasa mereka kepada publik. Namun, promosi tersebut ternyata membuat wajah ibukota tertutupi oleh tiang-tiang reklame. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta berupaya melakukan pengalihan reklame papan menjadi reklame LED. Kenyataanya, penyelenggaraan reklame LED masih belum optimal, terutama dari sisi penerimaann pajaknya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan. Teori utama yang digunakan adalah teori administrasi perpajakan dan Model 7-S McKinsey. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan post-positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa proses administrasi perpajakan telah dilakukan sesuai aturan. Penyelenggaraan reklame LED saat ini memasuki tahap peralihan, sehingga masih dibutuhkan beberapa perbaikan. Kebijakan terkait reklame LED harus dievaluasi kembali agar tidak terlalu membebani wajib pajak. Faktor lain seperti struktur, strategi, sistem, skill, dan staff juga turut berimplikasi pada proses administrasi perpajakan.

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DKI Jakarta Province has great potential, especially in terms of economy. Various people come to DKI Jakarta to earn a living. This opportunity is used by some circles to promote their goods or services to the public. However, the promotion turned out to make the face of the capital covered by billboards. Therefore, the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta seeks to change the billboard into LED billboards. In fact, the implementation of LED billboards is still not optimal, especially in terms of tax revenue. This research was conducted in South Jakarta Administration City.

The main theory used is the theory of tax administration and 7 S McKinsey Model. This research was conducted with post positivist approach with data collection technique using in depth interview and literature study. The results concluded that the tax administration process has been done according to the rules. The operation of LED billboards is currently entering the transitional phase, so it still needs some improvements. Policies related to LED billboards should be re evaluated in order not to overload the taxpayer. Other factors such as structure, strategy, system, skill, and staff also have implications for the tax administration process."

"ABSTRAKLight-Emitting Diode (LED) lights allow specific wavelengths to be selected. These may be associated with microgreen growth, nitrate accumulation, and synthesis of bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of LED irradiance on the yield, antioxidant production, and antioxidant capacity of microgreens from five traditional vegetables: rat-tailed radish (Raphanus sativus Linn var. caudatus Ale.), water convolvulus (Ipomoea aguatica Forsk), red holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), and lemon basil (O. africanum Lour). Samples were grown on a peat substrate in a controlled environment ( 8-12 days from sowing to harvesting, 25+2 ºC and 16-h photoperiod, 0.05% CO2 concentration, and 60+2% RHs). Light irradiance levels of 330, 220, and 110 µmol.m-2. s-1 photosynthetically active flux density (PPFD) were compared, with fluorescence lighting as control. The different species showed different responses to irradiance levels. Irradiance at 330 µmol.m-2.s-1 PPFD was found to be optimal for growth and accumulation of bioactive compounds by water convolvulus, red holy basil, dill, and lemon basil microgreens, producing the greatest dry weight, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging. Rat-tailed radish microgreen was not significantly responsive to the irradiance level. We recommend the use of LED lighting to enhance productivity and promote higher production of bioactive compounds in indigenous vegetable microgreen cultivation."

"Gedung K FTUI memiliki beberapa ruang perkuliahan yang masih kurang dalam tingkat pencahayaan ruang. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengganti sumber penerangan menggunakan lampu LED pada ruang perkuliahan sesuai standar pencahayaan yang berlaku, hemat energi, dan mengetahui biaya investasi dan operasional penerangan dalam ruang perkuliahan. Skenario penggantian pertama adalah mengganti jenis lampu tanpa merubah titik lampu yang telah terpasang. Skenario pertama ini berlaku pada ruang yang sesuai standar pencahayaan namun mengalami boros energi. Skenario penggantian kedua adalah mengganti jenis lampu dan titik lampu. Skenario kedua ini berlaku pada ruang yang belum sesuai dengan standar pencahayaan yang berlaku. Standar pencahayaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah SNI 03-6575-2001 tingkat pencahayaan ruang kuliah sebesar 250 lux. Lampu dalam penelitian adalah lampu X dengan arus cahaya sebesar 2.500 lumen. Hasil audit penelitian ini adalah tingkat pencahayaan terendah 164 lux di ruang K205 dan tertinggi adalah 385 lux di ruang K106. Analisis arus cahaya menunjukkan jumlah lampu ideal ruang kuliah kecil adalah 16 buah dan ruang kuliah besar adalah 28 buah. Hasil analisis tingkat pencahayaan ruang menunjukkan perubahan tingkat pencahayaan tertinggi pada ruang K205 dari 164 lux menjadi 294 lux. Hasil analisis konsumsi daya menunjukkan pada kondisi eksisting adalah 11.200 watt dan pada kondisi skenario penggantian 1 dan 2 adalah 6.696 watt. Hasil analisis konsumsi energi menunjukkan pada kondisi eksisting adalah 2.240 KWh dan pada kondisi skenario penggantian adalah 1.339,2 KWh. Hasil analisis biaya skenario penggantian menunjukkan biaya investasi sebesar Rp128.629.000,00 dan persentase penghematan biaya operasional sebesar 29,21%.

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Building FTUI has several lecture halls which are still lacking in the level of room lighting. This study aims to replace the lighting sources using LED light in the lecture room according to applicable lighting standards, energy saving, and know the cost of installation and operation lighting in a lecture room. This research method uses of two scenarios. The first replacement scenario is to change the type of lamp without changing the installed light points. The first scenario applies to spaces that are in accordance with lighting standards but experience energy waste. The second replacement scenario is to replace the type of lamp and the point of the lamp. This second scenario applies to spaces that are not in accordance with applicable lighting standards. The lighting standard used in this study is SNI 03-6575-2001 for the lighting level of lecture rooms by 250 lux. The audit results of this study are the lowest lighting level of 164 lux in room K205 and the highest is 385 lux in room K106. Light current analysis shows ideal number of lamps for small lecture halls are 16 and large lecture halls are 28. The results of the analysis of the room lighting level showed change in the highest lighting level in the K205 from 164 lux to 294 lux. The result of the analysis of power consumption show that the existing conditions are 11.200 watts and the replacement scenario are 6.696 watts. The result of the energy consumption analysis show that the existing condition is 2.240 KWh and the replacement scenario is 1.339,2 KWh. The result of the replacement analysis show the installation costs are Rp128.629.000,00 and the percentage of operational cost savings of 29,21%."