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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang Instrumen rotasi kontinyumemiliki banyak kekurangansehingga dikembangkan instrumen resiprokal Tujuan penelitian iniadalahmembandingkan kehalusan dinding sepertiga apikal saluran akarmenggunakan instrumen rotasi kontinyu dan resiprokal Metode Tiga puluh duapremolar pertama mandibula dibagi menjadi Kelompok 1 preparasi saluran akarmenggunakan instrumen rotasi kontinyu dan Kelompok 2 preparasi saluran akarmenggunakan instrumen resiprokal Kemudian kehalusan diukur dengan surfaceroughness tester Analisis data menggunakan uji T tidak berpasangan Hasil Tidak terdapat perbedaaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok p 0 739 Kesimpulan Dinding sepertiga apikal saluran akar yang dipreparasi denganinstrumen kontinyudanresiprokalmempunyai tingkat kehalusan yang sama

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ABSTRACTTherefore reciprocal instruments have been developed The aim was to comparethe root canal wall smoothness at the apical third between continuous rotation andreciprocal instruments Methods Thirty two mandibular first premolars weredivided into Group 1 continuous rotation instruments preparation Group 2 reciprocal instruments preparation The smoothness was measured using surfaceroughness tester The data was analyzed using independent T test Result Thedifference between groups were not statistically significant p 0 739 Conclusion Continuous rotation and reciprocal instruments have no difference inthe root canal wall smoothness at the apical third "

"Latar Belakang: Kegagalan perawatan saluran akar dapat terjadi walaupun perawatan saluran akar mempunyai tingkat keberhasilan yang tinggi. Salah satu pilihan perawatan untuk kasus kegagalan adalah perawatan non bedah. Pembuangan bahan pengisi saluran akar merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan keberhasilan perawatan saluran akar ulang.  Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan kebersihan pembuangan bahan pengisi dengan menggunakan instrumen putar tenaga mesin yang bergerak rotasi kontinu (ProTaper Universal Retreatment System [Dentsply Maillefer]) dan resiprokal (Reciproc® Blue [VDW,Munich]). Metode: 42 premolar rahang bawah pasca pengisian saluran akar dibagi 2 kelompok (n = 21): kelompok 1: R25 (sistem resiprok). kelompok 2: ProTaper Universal Retreatment System (sistem rotasi kontinu). Sampel dipindai dengan Micro Computed Tomography,data direkonstruksi dan dianalisis dengan perangkat lunak CTAnalyser (Bruker). Dihitung volume sisa bahan pengisi. Hasil yang didapat dibandingkan dengan uji Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). Hasil : Masih terdapat bahan pengisi pada seluruh sampel. Secara statistik, terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada volume sisa bahan pengisi dari kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan : Instrumen gerak resiprokal membuang lebih banyak bahan pengisi dari saluran akar terutama area 1/3 apikal  dibandingkan instrumen gerak rotasi kontinu.

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Background: Despite having a high success rate, failure in endodontic treatment can still occur. One of the treatment options for failure cases is non surgical retreatment. Maximum removal of root canal filling material is essential for successful endodontic retreatment. Objective: To analyze the difference in cleaning of root canal filling by using continuous rotary motion (ProTaper Universal Retreatment System) and reciprocating motion (Reciproc® Blue [VDW, Munich]). Methodolgy: 42 mandibular premolars post-endodontic treatment divided into 2 groups (n = 21): group 1: R25 (reciprocating system). group 2: ProTaper Universal Retreatment System (continuous rotary system). Samples were scanned with Micro Computed Tomography, data reconstructed and analyzed by CTAnalyser (Bruker). Volume of residual filling material were calculated. The results were compared with Mann-Whitney test (p <0.05). Results: All teeth examined had filling remnants within the canal. Statistically, there were significant differences in residual volume of filling material from both groups. Conclusion: The reciprocal motion instrument removes more filling material from the root canal, especially at the 1/3 apical area than the continuous rotary motion instrument."

"Latar Belakang: Preparasi saluran akar gigi menghasilkan smear layer saat bersentuhan dengan dinding saluran akar yang berpotensi menyebabkan kegagalan perawatan. Bentuk penampang file mempengaruhi pembentukan smear layer. Penelitian ini membandingkan kuantitas smear layer pada dinding saluran akar sepertiga apikal yang dipreparasi menggunakan file berpenampang melintang segitiga dan segi empat. Metode: 32 sampel gigi premolar rahang bawah dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok perlakuan yang dipreparasi dengan file berpenampang segitiga (One Curve®, n = 16) dan segi empat (Hyflex EDM®, n = 16). Setelah preparasi, saluran akar diirigasi menggunakan kombinasi larutan NaOCl 2,5% dan EDTA 17%. Smear layer pada dinding saluran akar sepertiga apikal diamati menggunakan scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan dikuantifikasi menurut sistem skoring Foschi. Hasil: Uji Mann- Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara preparasi saluran akar menggunakan kedua instrumen dengan skor smear layer. Kelompok yang dipreparasi dengan file berpenampang segitiga menghasilkan skor smear layer lebih rendah dibanding kelompok yang dipreparasi dengan file berpenampang segi empat. Kesimpulan: Preparasi saluran akar menggunakan file berpenampang segitiga dan segi empat dengan irigasi kombinasi NaOCl 2,5% dan EDTA 17% tetap menghasilkan smear layer pada daerah sepertiga apikal, namun preparasi dengan file berpenampang segitiga menunjukkan kuantitas smear layer yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan file berpenampang segi empat.

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Background: Root canal preparation produces smear layer when in contact with its wall, which potentially causing treatment failures. Cross-section shape of file influences smear layer production. This experiment compares smear layer quantity at apical third of root canal walls prepared using files with triangular and rectangular cross-section.

Methods: Thirty-two premolar samples taken from mandibles were divided into two groups whose root canals were prepared using file with triangular (One Curve®, n = 16) and rectangular (Hyflex EDM®, n = 16) cross-section. After preparation, root canals were irrigated with combination of NaOCl 2,5% and EDTA 17% solutions. Smear layer in apical third of root canal walls were then observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan quantified according to Foschi scoring system.

Results: Mann- Whitney test shows significant difference between root canal preparation using both instruments and produced smear layer score. Group prepared with triangular file produced lower smear layer score compared to those which prepared with rectangular file.

Conclusions: Root canal preparation using files with triangular and rectangular cross-section, followed by combined NaOCl 2,5% and EDTA 17% irrigation still produces smear layer in apical third area. However, preparation with triangular file shows less smear layer quantity compared to rectangular file."

"Instrumentasi saluran akar masih meninggalkan area tidak terpreparasi. Insrumen osilasi diklaim dapat membersihkan dinding saluran akar secara optimal.Tujuan: Membandingkan luas dinding sepertiga apeks saluran akar yang tidak terpreparasi antara instrumen osilasi Reciproc® dan WaveOne®.Metode: Tiga puluh dua saluran akar premolar mandibula diisi tinta cina kemudian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok berjumlah sama (n=16): Reciproc® dan WaveOne®. Luas dinding yang tertutup tinta cina dianalisis dengan Adobe Photoshop CS5.Hasil: Kelompok II mempreparasi lebih banyak dinding tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok I (p=0,265).Kesimpulan: Reciproc® dan WaveOne® tetap meninggalkan area tidak terpreparasi di sepertiga apeks saluran akar.

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Thirty five percents area of root canal wall was left uninstrumented after instrumentation. Oscillation instrument was claimed able to clean whole area of root canal walls.Objective: to compare uninstrumented area of root canal at the apical third after instrumented by oscillation instrument.Methods: Thirty two human mandibular premolar root canals were dyed with china ink and were divided equally into Reciproc® and WaveOne® group. The area was analyzed using Adobe Photoshop CS5.Results: WaveOne® showed a better result than Reciproc®, but not statistically significant (p=0,265).Conclusion: The Reciproc® and WaveOne® showed no difference in cleaning the root canal."

"ABSTRAKPengaruh Dimensi-Dimensi Personality Dispositions dan Social Orientations terhadap Relocation Mobility Readiness: Studi pada Pegawai Badan Pemeriksa KeuanganPembimbing : Riani Rachmawati, S.E., M.A., Ph.D. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi peran personality dispositions dan social orientations dalam menjelaskan relocation mobility readiness. Studi dilakukan pada pegawai Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan BPK . Sejumlah 374 pegawai nonstruktural BPK disurvei mengenai relocation mobility readiness, personality dispositions neuroticism, openness to experience, uncertainty tolerance dan social orientations social norm, individualism orientation, collectivism orientation dalam satu studi cross sectional. Analisis menggunakan regresi hierarki. Penelitian ini hanya dilakukan di BPK. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pengaruh personality dispositions dan social orientations terhadap relocation mobility readiness pada pegawai BPK, institusi pemerintah yang memiliki perwakilan di 34 provinsi di Indonesia. Semakin tinggi tingkat uncertainty tolerance dan social norm maka semakin siap individu untuk direlokasi. Semakin tinggi tingkat vertical collectivism maka semakin kurang siap individu untuk direlokasi. Kata Kunci : relocation mobility readiness, personality dispositions, social orientations, job relocation, job mobility, geographic mobility, institusi pemerintah, hierarchical regression.

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ABSTRACT The Impact of Personality Dispositions dan Social Orientations Dimensions Toward Relocation Mobility Readiness Study of Employee in The Audit Board of The Republic IndonesiaCounsellor Riani Rachmawati, S.E., M.A., Ph.D. The purpose of this research is to explore the role of personality dispositions and social orientations in explaining relocation mobility readiness. Case study held in The Audit Board of the Republik of Indonesia. A total of 374 nonstruktural employee of the Audit Board of the Republik of Indonesia were surveyed on their relocation mobility readiness, personality dispositions neuroticism,openness to experience, uncertainty tolerance and social orientations social norms, individualism orientation, collectivism orientation in one cross sectional studies. Hierarchichal regression used for analysis. This research only conducted in the Audit Board of the Republik of Indonesia. The study show that personality dispositions and social orientations influence relocation mobility readiness of employee in The Audit Board of the Republik of Indonesia, government institution in Indonesia, that have representatives in 34 province in Indonesia. High level of uncertainty tolerance and social norm made individuals more ready to relocate. High level of vertical collectivism made individu less ready to relocate. Keywords relocation mobility readiness, personality dispositions, social orientations, job relocation, job mobility, geographic mobility, government institution, hierarchical regression "

"Tingginya produktivitas kerja dapat dilihat dengan meningkatnya pula motivasi kerja perawat, dimana salah satu hal yang dapat mempengaruhi motivasi kerja perawat adalah kebijakan yang dibuat oleh pihak manajemen seperti penerapan rotasi kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara rotasi kerja dengan motivasi kerja perawat di rumah sakit. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif korelatif. Sampel untuk penelitian ini diambil dengan teknik sampling berimbang (proporsional) dan convenience, dengan besar sampel 110 orang. Responden dalam penelitian ini mengisi kuesioner terkait rotasi kerja dan motivasi kerja. Hasil penelitian menemukan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara rotasi kerja dengan motivasi kerja perawat di rumah sakit (p value= 0,036; α= 0.05; OR= 2.435). Hasil tersebut mengharuskan manajemen keperawatan untuk mempelajari dan memahami bagaimana cara-cara melaksanakan rotasi kerja dengan baik dan benar sesuai dengan teori yang ada agar dapat mencapai tujuan yang sudah ditetapkan.

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High labor productivity can be indicated by the increase of the nurses’ work motivation, where one of the things that can affect the nurses’ work motivation is the policy made by the management such as the application of job rotation. This study aimed to examine the correlation between job rotation and the nurses’ work motivation in a hospital. The study used descriptive correlative design. The sample of this study was 110 people who were chosen using balanced sampling technique (proportional) and convenience. Respondents in this study filled out the questionnaires related to the job rotation and the work motivation. The study found that there was a significant correlation between job rotation and the nurses’ work motivation in a hospital (p value = 0.036; α = 0.05 level; OR = 2.435). This result required a nursing management to learn and understand how to implement a good and suitable job rotation in accordance with the existing theory in order to achieve the defined goals."

"Reservoar batuan dasar terekah merupakan reservoar batuan beku dan batuan metamorf yang terekahkan secara alami, sehingga memiliki porositas dan permeabilitas sekunder yang dapat menjadi tempat terkonsentrasinya hidrokarbon. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki potensi reservoar batuan dasar terekah, salah satunya berada pada Cekungan Sumatera Selatan. Pencarian rekahan pada reservoar batuan dasar terekah dinilai cukup rumit. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan metode yang tepat dalam memprediksi sebaran rekahan pada batuan dasar. Salah satu metode yang efektif dalam memetakan dan memodelkan sebaran rekahan pada batuan dasar terekah yaitu metode Continuous Fracture Modeling (CFM). Metode ini memanfaatkan integrasi antara data seismik dengan data sumur melalui pendekatan neural network, sehingga dinilai mampu mengakomodir kelemahan data seismik yang memiliki resolusi terbatas. Data dip angle dan dip azimuth dari data log FMI digunakan untuk analisis rekahan disekitar sumur yang selanjutnya disebarkan secara lateral dalam model grid 3D untuk memprediksi keberadaan rekahan pada daerah yang tidak memiliki data sumur. Fracture driver terpilih (maximum curvature, ant-track, variance, chaos, dip illumination, dan 3D edge enhancement) digunakan dalam proses training dengan fracture indicator untuk menghasilkan model intensitas rekahan. Pemilihan fracture driver didasarkan oleh nilai korelasi, dimana korelasi terbesar terdapat pada atribut passive ant-track sebesar 0.316 dengan fracture indicator. Selanjutnya, model di validasi dengan data Drill Stem Test (DST). Berdasarkan hasil data DST dan model intensitas rekahan menunjukkan bahwa, daerah dengan intensitas rekahan tinggi memiliki korelasi dengan keberadaan fluida berupa gas pada data DST.

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Fractured basement reservoir is a reservoir of igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks that are naturally fractured, which has good secondary porosity and permeability which can act as a reservoir for hydrocarbon concentration. Indonesia is one country with a potential of fractured basement reservoir, one of which located in the South Sumatra Basin. Exploring fractured in the basement reservoir is quite tricky, for this reason, a proper method is required to predict the distribution of fractures in the fractured basement. One of the effective methods in mapping and modeling the distribution of fractures in the fractured basement exploration is the Continuous Fracture Modeling (CFM) method. This method utilizes the integration of seismic data and well log data through a neural network approach, which is capable to resolve the weaknesses of the seismic data which has limited resolution. Dip angle and dip azimuth data from log FMI, are used for fracture analysis around wells which later distributed in a 3D grid model to predict the existence of fractures in the area that does not have well log data. The selected fracture drivers (maximum curvature, ant-track, variance, chaos, dip illumination, and 3D edge enhancement) are used for training process with fracture indicator to build the fracture intensity model. The fracture drivers were selected by its correlation value to the fracture indicator, where passive ant-track has the highest value at 0.316. Furthermore, the results of the model are validated with Drill Stem Test (DST) data. Based on the results of DST data and fracture intensity models show that areas with high fracture intensities have a correlation with the existence of gas fluid in the DST data."

"Latar Belakang: Preparasi saluran akar dengan instrumen putar NiTi dapat menyebabkan crack pada dinding saluran akar.Tujuan: Menganalisa dan membandingkan efek penggunaan instrumen putar NiTi single-file gerakan resiprokal dan kontinyu terhadap terbentuknya crack pada dinding saluran akar. Metode: Tigapuluh dua sampel saluran akar tunggal dipilih secara acak dan dibagi menjadi dua grup (n=16) sesuai dengan instrumen yang digunakan untuk preparasi saluran akar, yaitu instrumen putar NiTi gerakan resiprokal dan gerakan kontinyu. Micro-CT digunakan untuk mengevaluasi crack  sebelum dan setelah preparasi saluran akar. Analisis statistik menggunakan Continuity correction. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara preparasi saluran akar menggunakan instrumen putar NiTi gerakan resiprokal dan gerakan kontinyu (p>0,05). Crack yang terbentuk ditemukan pada bagian sepertiga apikal saluran akar dengan tipe incomplete crack. Simpulan: Preparasi saluran akar menggunakan instrumen putar NiTi single-file dengan gerakan resiprokal dan kontinyu dapat menyebabkan terbentuknya crack pada dinding saluran akar.

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Background: Root canal preparation with NiTi rotary instrument has the potential to induce cracks in the root canal wall. Objective: To analyze and compare the effects of single-file NiTi rotary continuous and reciprocating instruments in the propagation of cracks in the root canal wall. Methods: Thirty two single root canal samples were randomly assigned into two groups (n=16 per group) according to the system used for root canal preparation : reciprocating instruments and rotary continuous instruments. The samples were scanned through high-resolution micro-computed tomographic imaging to evaluate cracks before and after root canal preparation. The comparison between two groups was analysed statistically using Continuity correction. Results: There was no significant difference in the number of cracks between reciprocating group and rotary continuous group (p> 0.05). Cracks that occured was found in the apical third of the root canal, with incomplete cracks. Conclusion: Root canal preparation with single-file NiTi rotary continuous and reciprocating instruments can induce dentinal cracks in the root canal wall."