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"Telah dilakukan isolasi senyawa-senyawa kimia yang terkandung di dalam buah cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl) dan uji aktivitas biologinya yang meliputi uji aktivitas BSLT dan uji sitotoksisitas terhadap sel kanker paru A549. Tanaman ini merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang banyak tersedia di Indonesia. Ekstrak etanol buah Piper retrofractum Vahl difraksinasi berturut dengan n-heksana air dan etil asetat air dengan perbandingan 1:1, kemudian dilakukan isolasi menggunakan kolom kromatografi. Diperoleh tiga buah senyawa yaitu piperin, piper metil ester dan piperlongumin yang mempunyai aktivitas terhadap larva udang A salina Leach (BSLT) masing-masing sebesar 21,22; 34,22 dan 33,36 µg/mL dan mempunyai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 527,03; 433,47 dan 88,56 µg/mL terhadap sel kanker paru A549.

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Isolation of chemical compounds contained in fruit chili Java (Piper retrofractum Vahl) and biological activity test that includes testing BSLT activity and cytotoxicity tests against A549 lung cancer cells had been carried out. This plant is one of the medicinal plants which are widely available in Indonesia. Ethanol extract of Piper retrofractum Vahl fruits fractionated successively with n-hexane and ethyl acetate water in the ratio 1:1, then performed isolation using a column chromatographic. Obtained three test compounds : piperine, piper methyl ester and piperlongumine that have activity against larvae of shrimp A salina Leach (BSLT), amounted to 21,22; 34,22 dan 33,36 µg/mL and have IC50 amounted 527,03; 433,47 dan 88,56 µg/mL of A549 lung cancer cells."

"Senyawa asam sinamat dan derivatnya merupakan senyawa yang terdapat secara alami di berbagai tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat herbal. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan sintesis asam sinamat dan asam 4-hidroksi sinamat serta reaksi prenilasi pada kedua senyawa tersebut untuk kemudian diuji aktivitas antiarthritis secara in vitro. Sintesis asam sinamat dan asam 4-hidroksi sinamat dilakukan melalui metode Perkin menggunakan reagen benzaldehida, 4-hidroksi benzaldehida, anhidrida asetat dan katalis natrium asetat. Persen yield yang diperoleh yaitu 10,67% untuk asam sinamat dengan waktu refluks selama 3,5 jam dan 21,47% untuk asam 4-hidroksi sinamat dengan waktu refluks selama 12 jam. Kedua senyawa hasil sintesis tersebut dilakukan reaksi prenilasi menggunakan prenil bromida sebagai sumber gugus prenil dengan katalis superbasa ɣ-Alumina/NaOH/Na. Persen yield untuk senyawa asam sinamat terprenilasi yaitu 34% dan asam 4-hidroksi sinamat terprenilasi 36%. Karakterisasi keempat senyawa hasil sintesis dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Visible, spektrometer FT-IR dan GC-MS. Pada konsentrasi 250 ppm, asam sinamat memiliki aktivitas antiarthritis sebesar 89,21%, asam sinamat terprenilasi memiliki aktivitas antiarthritis sebesar 93,13%, asam 4-hidroksi sinamat terprenilasi aktivitas antiarthritis sebesar 91,67%, dan asam 4-hidroksi sinamat terprenilasi memiliki aktivitas antiarthritis sebesar 93,45%.

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Cinnamic acid and its derivatives are natural compounds present in plants and have been used as herbal medicine. In this research, cinnamic acid and 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid was synthesized dan then prenylated. Cinnamic acid, 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid and the prenylated compounds were tested for their in vitro antiarthritic activity. Cinnamic acid was synthesized via Perkin method using benzaldehyde, sodium acetate and acetic anhydride, while 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid was synthesized using 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde, sodium acetate and acetic anhydride. The resulting cinnamic acid gave % yield of 10,67% with 3,5 hours reflux and for the 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid, it yields 21,74% with 12 hours reflux. Both the synthesized compounds were reacted with prenyl bromide to give prenylated cinnamic acid and prenylated 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid. The catalyst used in this prenylation is ɣ-Alumina/NaOH/Na superbase. Prenylated cinnamic acid yields 34% while prenylated 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid yields 36%. The four products were characterized with UV-Visible spectrophotometer, FT-IR spectrophotometer and mass spectrometer. Prenylated cinnamic acid and 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid have higher antiarthritic activities than cinnamic acid and 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid. At maximum concentration of 250 ppm, the antiarthritic activity of cinnamic acid was 89,21%, prenylated cinnamic acid was 93,13%, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid was 91,67%, and prenylated 4-hydroxycinnamic acid was 93,45%."

"The only reference on current methods to generate pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of drug candidates, as well as how they must be balanced against one other for the best selection of candidates for further development. Following a brief introduction to the necessities of filtering and risk assessment of potential new drug molecules before actual drug development, the two equally important aspects of pharmacological (ADME) and safety (toxicity) profiling are covered in separate parts. The ADME section covers the profiling of basic physicochemical parameters, such as solubility and permeability, as well as more complex traits, such as the likelihood of drug-drug interactions, metabolic clearance and protein binding properties. The toxicology part addresses, among others, recent advances in early genetic toxicity testing, bioactivation screening, organ-specific toxicity assays for liver, heart, kidney and blood, as well as profiling for autoimmune reactions. By addressing both drug efficiency and drug safety, this modern practical reference shows readers how each individual aspect figures in shaping the key decisions on which the entire drug development process hinges. In short, this is a complete toolbox for assessing the risk/benefit ratio for any novel compound during the early drug development stages, using both in vitro and in silico methods."

"This book is about protein structural bioinformatics and how it can help understand and predict protein function. It covers structure-based methods that can assign and explain protein function based on overall folds, characteristics of protein surfaces, occurrence of small 3D motifs, protein-protein interactions and on dynamic properties. Such methods help extract maximum value from new experimental structures, but can often be applied to protein models. The book also, therefore, provides comprehensive coverage of methods for predicting or inferring protein structure, covering all structural classes from globular proteins and their membrane-resident counterparts to amyloid structures and intrinsically disordered proteins. The book is split into two broad sections, the first covering methods to generate or infer protein structure, the second dealing with structure-based function annotation. Each chapter is written by world experts in the field. The first section covers methods ranging from traditional homology modelling and fold recognition to fragment-based ab initio methods, and includes a chapter, new for the second edition, on structure prediction using evolutionary covariance. Membrane proteins and intrinsically disordered proteins are each assigned chapters, while two new chapters deal with amyloid structures and means to predict modes of protein-protein interaction. The second section includes chapters covering functional diversity within protein folds and means to assign function based on surface properties and recurring motifs. Further chapters cover the key roles of protein dynamics in protein function and use of automated servers for function inference. The book concludes with two chapters covering case studies of structure prediction, based respectively on crystal structures and protein models, providing numerous examples of real-world usage of the methods mentioned previously. This book is targeted at postgraduate students and academic researchers. It is most obviously of interest to protein bioinformaticians and structural biologists, but should also serve as a guide to biologists more broadly by highlighting the insights that structural bioinformatics can provide into proteins of their interest."

"This is the first book to provide a complete overview of recent advances in the field and explore their tremendous potential for drug discovery and rational drug design. With chapters written by one or more leading experts in their specialty areas, the book addresses the chemistry, biology, and toxicology of aminoglycosides.Aminoglycoside antibiotics : from chemical biology to drug discovery is a great resource for academic and industrial researchers in drug design and mechanism studies and for researchers studying antibiotic resistance, antibiotic design and synthesis, and the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals."

"Summary:The quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) continue to evolve quickly with an explosion of various tools and techniques. This book addresses the scope and limitations of different modeling techniques using case studies from pharmacology, toxicology, and ecotoxicology to demonstrate the utility of each technique"

"Presenting an overview of chiral drugs and their impact on the pharmaceutical industry, Chiral drugs : chemistry and biological action provides an integrated perspective of chiral drugs from concept, synthesis, and pharmaceutical properties. The book includes important chiral technologies and reviews of 200 chiral drugs that have either been approved or made it to advanced trials. It's interdisciplinary approach combines synthetic organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology in a way that fosters cooperation among interdisciplinary scientists and researchers in both academia and the pharma or biotech industries."

"This unique reference source, edited by the world's most respected expert on molecular interaction field software, covers all relevant principles of the GRID force field and its applications in medicinal chemistry. Entire chapters on 3D-QSAR, pharmacophore searches, docking studies, metabolism predictions and protein selectivity studies, among others, offer a concise overview of this emerging field. "