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"Latar belakang: Buceng {kombinasi pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) dan purwoceng (Pimpinella alpine Molk)}telah terbukti meningkatkan kadar testosteron (Te) dan menurunkan apoptosis. Namun belum ada bukti apakah efek tersebut dimediasi oleh penurunan ekspresi caspase3. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari apakah pemberian buceng dapat menurunkan ekspresi caspase3 sel penis dan prostat pada tikus jantan Sprague Dawley. Metode: Studi eksperimental dilakukan pada 24 tikus jantan galur Sprague Dawley, umur 90 hari dengan berat badan (BB) + 300 g, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara acak masing-masing terdiri dari 6 ekor. Kelompok A, tikus dikastrasi dan diberi buceng 50 mg. Kelompok B, tikus tanpa dikastrasi, langsung dimatikan sebagai kontrol positif. Kelompok C, tikus dikastrasi dan diberi akuades 2 mL, sebagai kontrol negatif. Kelompok D, tikus dikastrasi dan diberi mesterolone 6,75 mg yang dilarutkan dalam air. Analisis statistik yang digunakan untuk menguji perbedaan ekspresi caspase3 adalah uji MANOVA, dilanjutkan dengan Post Hoc.Hasil: Analisis MANOVA pada empat kelompok menunjukkan perbedaan ekspresi caspase3 yang bermakna (p = 0,000). Analisis tes Post Hoc menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi caspase3 penis dan prostat pada kelompok A (buceng) (33,56; 35,83) lebih rendah bermakna dibanding kelompok C (kontrol negatif) (54,33;60,07) dan kelompok D (mesterolone) (51,91;56,21), p = 0,000, dan lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok B (kontrol positif atau tikus normal) (29,40; 27,72), namun secara statistik tidak bermakna ( p = 0,826).Kesimpulan: Pemberian buceng 50 mg/hari selama 30 hari berturut-turut dapat menurunkan ekspresi caspase3 pada sel penis dan prostat.

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AbstractBackground: Buceng {combination of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) and purwoceng (Pimpinella alpine Molk)}has been proven to increase testosterone (Te) level and decrease apoptosis. Unfortunately, there is no evidence whether these effects are mediated by the declining of caspase3. Objective of this study was to evaluate whether buceng could decrease the expression of caspase3 of penis and prostate cells in Sprague Dawley male rats.Methods: Twenty four Sprague Dawley male rats weighing 300 g (90 days old) were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 male rats. Group A, rats were castrated and received buceng 50 mg. Group B, rats were not castrated, sacrifices as positive control. Group C, rats were castrated and given 2 mL aquadest as negative control. Group D, rats were castrated and got of 6.75 mg mesterolone, dissolved in 2 mL water. MANOVA statistical analysis was adopted to examine the difference expression of caspase3 in all groups. The comparison of caspase3 expression between two groups exhibiting difference values were evaluated by Post Hoc test.Results: MANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in the expression of caspase3 of penis and prostate tissues among the four groups. Post Hoct test also indicated that expression of caspase3 in group A (buceng) (33.56; 35.83) wassignificantly lower compared to group C (negative control) (54.33; 60.07) and group D (mesterolone) (51.91;56.21), p = 0.000, and higher compared than group B or normal rats (29.40; 27.72), but statistically not significant (p = 0.826).Conclusion: The treatment of 50 mg buceng/day for 30 consecutive days could decrease caspase3 expression in penis and prostate cells."

"[Pendahuluan: Proses karsinogenesis adenokarsinoma prostat terjadi akibat disregulasi kadar zinc dalam sel. Molekul zinc intrasel berperan dalam metabolisme aerob mitokondria dan induksi apoptosis. Penyerapan zinc diatur oleh protein ZIP1, berperan meningkatkan kandungan zinc sitoplasmik intrasel dengan membawa zinc dari cairan ekstrasel. Kadar zinc yang tinggi dan ekspresi protein ZIP1 banyak ditemukan pada epitel prostat normal, sedangkan pada kanker prostat ditemukan sedikit atau tidak ada ekspresi protein ZIP1. Penurunan ekspresi ZIP1 diduga dapat menghambat apoptosis, serta memacu perkembangan adenokarsinoma prostat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis korelasi ekspresi protein ZIP1 dan Caspase- 3 pada jaringan adenokarsinoma prostat berdasarkan Gleason score yang berbeda. Metode: Desain studi analitik retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 31 sediaan blok parafin adenokarsinoma prostat yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sediaan dipulas menggunakan teknik imunohistokimia untuk mengetahui ekspresi protein ZIP1 dan caspase-3. Ekspresi protein pada pulasan slide dihitung menggunakan program imageJ. Gleason score sebagai data sekunder yang didapatkan dari laporan kasus. Korelasi ekspresi kedua protein berdasarkan Gleason score dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson menggunakan SPSS 11.5. Hasil: Rerata positivitas ekspresi ZIP1 pada adenokarsinoma prostate adalah 35% dan rerata positivitas caspase-3 adalah 33%. Terdapat korelasi positif bermakna antara ekspresi ZIP1 dan caspase-3 (r = 0.379 , p = 0,018). Terdapat korelasi positif antara ekspresi ZIP1 dan caspase-3 pada kelompok intermediate grade (r = 0.73, p = 0.01) dan korelasi lemah tidak bermakna pada kelompok high grade (r = 0.04, p = 0.48). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif antara ekspresi ZIP1 dan ekspresi caspase- 3 pada adenokarsinoma prostat.

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, Introduction: Carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate occurs due to dysregulation of zinc level within the cells. Intracellular zinc molecules contributes to mitochondrial aerobic metabolism. Its influx is regulated by a transporter protein ZIP1, whose non-presence is predicted to inhibit apoptosis, thus leads to the development of prostate adenocarcinoma. This study was aimed to analyze the correlation of ZIP1 and Caspase-3 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma with respect to its grading as represented by Gleason Score. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective analytical study on 31 formalyn-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue that meet inclusion criteria. The specimen was stained using immunohistochemical technique for ZIP1 and Caspase-3. Protein expression of each case were counted using ImageJ analysis. Gleason score were acquired as secondary data from the cases’ reports. The correlation of their expression with respect of Gleason score were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation using SPSS 11.5.

Results: Mean expression level of ZIP1 and Caspase-3 in prostate adenocarcinoma were 35% and 33%, respectively. There was a significantly positive correlation between ZIP1 and Caspase-3 expression (r=0.379; p=0.018). However, their correlation was stronger in intermediate-grade group (r=0.73; p=0.01) and the correlation was much weaker in high-grade group (r=0.04; p=0.48).

Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between ZIP1 and caspase-3 expression in adenocarcinoma prostate.]"

"Tujuan Studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh hipoksia terhadap pola ekspresi gen HIF-1α pada jantung tikus serta mengamati timbulnya apoptosis pada kardiomiosit akibat hipoksia sistemik.Metode Hewan coba (tikus Sprague-Dawley) dibagi secara acak menjadi 7 kelompok (n= 4 per kelompok): kelompok kontrol normoksia (oksigen atmosfir), dan beberapa kelompok hipoksia yang ditempatkan dalam sungkup-hipoksik (kadar O2 8%) selama 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, dan 28 hari. Pemeriksaan ekspresi gen HIF-1α dilakukan dengan real-time PCR dan apoptosis dengan metode TUNEL.Hasil Dibandingkan dengan kelompok normoksia, ekspresi gen HIF-1α meningkat secara bertahap sejalan dengan lamanya hipoksia dan mencapai puncak pada hari ke-21. Tidak ada sel yang terlabel dengan cara TUNEL pada kelompok kontrol. Dibandingkan dengan kontrol, indeks apoptotik meningkat sejalan dengan lamanya hipoksia. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara peningkatan ekspresi HIF-1α dengan peningkatan indeks apoptotik.Kesimpulan Hipoksia sistemik kronik mengakibatkan peningkatan ekspresi mRNA HIF-1α dan apoptosis pada kardiomiosit.

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AbstractAim This study explored the expression of HIF-1α in hypoxic cardiac muscle in mice, and observed the evidence of apoptosis in hypoxia induced cardiomyocyte.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats, were randomized into 7 groups (n= 4 per group): control normoxia group that was exposed to atmospheric oxygen and hypoxia groups that were housed in hypoxic chambers (O2 level 8%) for 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days respectively. Animals were sacrificed, hearts were rapidly excised, total RNA was extracted with an mRNA isolation kit and the expression of HIF-1α mRNA was then detected by real-time RT-PCR. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL method.Results For rat in hypoxia group, the expression of HIF-1α mRNA in cardiac myocytes was clearly up-regulated compared to the control normoxia group. Further, HIF-1α expression level elevated gradually and reached a peak at 21 days of hypoxia. No cell labeled by the TUNEL method was detected in the control group. Compared with the control group, the apoptotic index was significantly increased in the hypoxia group (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the elevation of HIF-1α mRNA and the elevation of apoptotic index.Conclusion Systemic chronic hypoxia caused the elevation of HIF-1α mRNA and apoptosis in cardiac myocytes."

"Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSCs) endometrium dengan marka spesifik SUSD2 berpotensi menjadi salah satu sumber sel yang menginisiasi lesi ektopik pada endometriosis. MSCs pada ektopik (EK) dan eutopik endometrium (EU) pasien endometriosis diketahui memiliki karakteristik yang lebih invasif,, di antaranya dengan ekspresi indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO1) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan endometrium normal (EN). IDO1 menekan ekspresi p53, protein terkait apoptosis, menyebabkan viabilitas sel endometriosis meningkat. Oktil galat merupakan senyawa pleiotropik yang terbukti mampu menginduksi apoptosis pada sel endometriosis melalui pengamatan mikroskop konfokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh OG terhadap ekspresi SUSD2 dan jalur antiapoptosis sel melalui IDO1. Bahan biologis tersimpan sel endometriosis positif marka MSCs CD73, CD90, dan CD105 digunakan dalam penelitian. Ekspresi protein SUSD2 diinvestigasi dengan flowcytometry. Ekspresi mRNA IDO1 dan caspase3 diinvestigasi dengan real time RT-PCR. Hasil menunjukkan gambaran penurunan ekspresi SUSD2 pasca-pemberian OG. Terdapat gambaran peningkatan mRNA IDO1 tanpa diikuti penurunan mRNA caspase3 pada EK dan EN, namun tidak pada EU. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah oktil galat diduga menginduksi apoptosis, tetapi tidak melalui jalur antiapoptosis IDO1.

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Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with specific marker SUSD2 is potential to be the sources of the cells that initiate ectopic lesions in endometriosis. MSCs in ectopic (EC) and eutopic endometrium (EU) of endometriosis patients were known to have more invasive characteristics, including higher expression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO1) than normal endometrium (EN). IDO1 suppresses p53 expression, a protein associated with apoptosis, causing increased endometriosis cell viability. Octyl gallate is pleiotropic compound that has been shown to induce apoptosis in endometriosis cells as seen by confocal microscopy observation. This study aims to determine the effect of OG on the expression of SUSD2 and cell antiapoptotic pathway through IDO1. Stored biological material of endometriosis cell with positive MSCs markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 was used in the study. SUSD2 protein expression was investigated by flowcytometry. IDO1 and caspase3 mRNA expression were investigated with real time RT-PCR. Results showed a trend of decreased SUSD2 expression post-OG administration. There was a trend of increased IDO1 mRNA, but was not followed by a trend of decreased caspase3 mRNA in EK and EN. The conclusion of this study is octyl gallate was suspected to induce apoptosis through a mechanism other than IDO1 antiapoptotic pathway."

"Objective: Carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate occurs due to dysregulation of zinc level within the cells.Intracellular zinc molecules influx is regulated by a transporter protein ZIP1, whose non-presence is predicted to inhibitapoptosis, thus leads to the development of prostate adenocarcinoma. Methods: This study was aimed to analyze thecorrelation of ZIP1 and Caspase-3 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma on its grading as represented by GleasonScore. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective analytical study on 31 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue thatmeets inclusion criteria. The specimen was stained using the immune-histochemistry technique for ZIP1 and Caspase-3.Protein expression of each case was counted using ImageJ analysis. Gleason score was acquired as secondary data fromthe cases’s reports. The correlation of their expression with respect to Gleason score was analyzed with Pearson’scorrelation using SPSS 11.5. Results: Mean expression level of ZIP1 and Caspase-3 in prostate adenocarcinoma were35% and 33%, respectively. There was a significantly positive correlation between ZIP1 and Caspase-3 expression(r = 0.379; p = 0.018). However, their correlation was stronger in intermediate-grade group (r = 0.73; p = 0.01) and thecorrelation was much weaker in high-grade group (r = 0.04; p = 0.48). Conclusions: There was a positive correlationbetween ZIP1 and Caspase-3 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma."

"Latar belakang : Overtraining berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan karena dapat menyebabkan kematian mendadak pada atlet muda. Berdasarkan data epidemiologi ditemukan bahwa kejadian kematian mendadak (suddent cardiac death) pada atlet muda, penyebab paling banyak adalah gangguan kardiovaskular. Tubuh melakukan adaptasi terhadap beban berlebih, berupa remodelling (morfologi dan elektrofisiologi). Remodeling elektrofisiologis yaitu perubahan pada gap junction, berupa perubahan ekspresi Cx43 yang yang mengakibatkan gangguan penghantaran konduksi listrik. Selama latihan fisik dapat terbentuk ROS yang akan menginduksi permeabilitas mitokondria sehingga terjadi kebocoran sitokrom c, selanjutnya akan mengaktifkan kaskade apoptosis.Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 6 jaringan kardiomiosit tikus Wistar kelompok kontrol dan overtraining. Ekspresi Cx43 dan caspase-3 diamati melalui pulasan imunohistokimia dan diukur dengan image J.Hasil : Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan bermakna pada ekspresi Cx43 total overtraining (43644.57±27711.03) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (13002.37±3705.41). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna ekspresi caspase-3 pada kedua kelompok meskipun diperoleh hasil lebih tinggi pada kelompok overtraining (14.15%±10.54%) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (2,63%±3.56%).Kesimpulan : Overtraining meningkatkan ekspresi Cx43 total tetapi tidak terbukti meningkatkan caspase-3 pada kardiomiosit ventrikel kiri tikus.

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Background: overtraining has bad effect for health, overtraining can cause sudden death in young athlete, reports of sudden death incidences in young athlete claim that cardiovascular disease is the cause. The heart can face the excess load by remodeling as it?s adaptation mechanism. There is 2 type remodeling, morphology and electrophysiology. Remodeling electrophysiology is a change on Cx43 expression which can interfere the heart?s electrical conduction. Free radical which formed from physical exercise can induce mitochondrial permeability that lead leakage of cytochrome c, so that so that activate the apoptosis cascade.

Methods: This study conducted on 12 Wistar rat?s cardiomyocytes tissue that divided into control and overtraining group. Cx43 expression and caspase-3 was observed through immunohistochemical staining and measured by image J.

Results: There was significant increase in the expression of Cx43 total overtraining (43644.57 ± 27711.03) compared to the control group (13002.37 ± 3705.41). Found no significant differences in the expression of caspase-3 in both groups although the result was higher in the group of overtraining (14,15% ± 10,54%) compared to the control group (2,63% ± 3,56%).

Conclusion: Overtraining increase total Cx43 expression but not proven to increase caspase-3 in the rat left ventricular cardiomyocytes."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kanker prostat adalah kanker yang paling umum pada pria. Kanker terjadi karena hilangnya kontrol atas proliferasi sel dan apoptosis sehingga sel berproliferasi terus menerus tanpa ada kematian sel. Apoptosis diregulasi oleh beberapa protein tertentu diantaranya protein keluarga Bcl-2 dan protein kanal. Perkembangan kanker prostat memerlukan transformasi dari sel epitel yang normal menjadi sel ganas yang kehilangan kemampuan untuk mengakumulasi zinc. Salah satu efek utama zinc adalah mencegah pertumbuhan sel kanker prostat dengan menginduksi apoptosis dengan memfasilitasi proses pembentukan pori Bax yang memulai apoptogenesis mitokondria. Selain keluarga Bcl-2, VDAC1 juga berperan penting dalam proses apoptosis. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan Bcl-2 mempunyai kaitan erat dengan VDAC1 terkait proses apoptosis dan protein pro-apoptotik Bax juga secara langsung berinteraksi dengan VDAC yang kemudian menginduksi keluarnya sitokrom c dari membran mitokondria.Tujuan: Mengevaluasi ekspresi mRNA dari gen mengkode keluarga protein Bcl-2 (Bax dan Bcl-2) dalam proses apoptogenesis pada galur sel kanker prostat yg diinduksi oleh zinc; Mengevaluasi ekspresi mRNA dari gen VDAC1 dalam proses apoptogenesis pada galur sel kanker prostat yang diinduksi oleh zinc; Menganalisis hubungan antara ekspresi VDAC1 dengan protein keluarga Bcl-2 pada apoptogenesis galur sel kanker prostat.Desain: Penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimental in vitro dan analisis statistikMetode: Untuk memperbanyak galur sel kanker prostat (PC3) dilakukan kultur sel, kemudian diberi perlakuan dengan tiga kelompok (kontrol, zinc 20 μM dan staurosporin 0,16 μM). Selanjutnya dilakukan isolasi RNA dan elektroforesis RNA untuk mengetahui keutuhan RNA. Terakhir dilakukan qRT PCR yang kemudian datanya dianalisis secara statistika.Hasil: Ekspresi Bax, Bcl-2 dan VDAC1 pada galur sel kanker prostat (PC-3) yang diberi perlakuan zinc mengalami penurunan dibandingkan dengan kontrol (tidak diberi perlakuan). Akan tetapi penurunan ekspresi tersebut tidak bernilai signifikan karena nilai p > 0,05 (nilai signifikansi Bax = 0,309; nilai signifikansi Bcl-2 = 0,236; nilai signifikansi VDAC1 = 0,437). VDAC1 mempunyai korelasi yang signifikan (p < 0,05) dengan Bax (p = 0,01) dibandingkan dengan Bcl-2 (p = 0,118).Kesimpulan: Terjadi perubahan ekspresi pada setiap gen (Bax, Bcl-2 dan VDAC1) pada galur sel kanker prostat yang diberi perlakuan zinc dengan yang tidak diberi perlakuan, akan tetapi tidak bernilai signifikan. VDAC1 mempunyai korelasi yang bermakna dengan Bax dan mempunyai korelasi yang tidak bermakna dengan Bcl-2.

ABSTRACT

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Cancer occurs due to loss control of cell proliferation and apoptosis thus continuously proliferating cells without cell death. Apoptosis is regulated by specific proteins including Bcl-2 family proteins and channel proteins. The development of prostate cancer requires the transformation of normal epithelial cells into malignant cells that lose the ability to accumulate zinc. One of the main effects of zinc is to prevent the growth of prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis by facilitating the process of pore formation Bax that started apoptogenesis mitochondrial. In addition to Bcl-2 family, VDAC1 also plays an important role in the process of apoptosis. Some studies suggest Bcl-2 has close links with related VDAC1 apoptosis and pro-apoptotic protein Bax also directly interact with VDAC which then induces the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial membrane.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of mRNA of the gene encoding the Bcl-2 family proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) in the process apoptogenesis on prostate cancer cell line that is induced by zinc; Evaluate the mRNA expression of genes in the process VDAC1 apoptogenesis on prostate cancer cell line induced by zinc; Analyzing the relationship between the expression of VDAC1 with Bcl-2 family proteins in prostate cancer cell lines apoptogenesis.

Design: This study used an experimental in vitro and statistical analysis

Methods: To reproduce the prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) performed cell culture, then treated with three groups (control, zinc 20 μM and staurosporin 0,16 μM). Furthermore, the isolation of RNA and RNA electrophoresis to determine the integrity of the RNA. Recently performed qRT PCR and the data were analyzed statistically.

Results: The expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1 on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) were treated with zinc decreased than the control (untreated). However, a decrease in the expression of no significant value because the value of p > 0.05 (Bax significant value = 0.309; the value of the significance of Bcl-2 = 0.236; VDAC1 significant value = 0.437). VDAC1 has a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with Bax (p = 0.01) than Bcl-2 (p = 0.118).

Conclusion: There is a change in the expression of each gene (Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1) in prostate cancer cell lines that treated with zinc than untreated, but no significant value. VDAC1 has a significant correlation with Bax and had no significant correlation with Bcl-2.;Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Cancer occurs due to loss control of cell proliferation and apoptosis thus continuously proliferating cells without cell death. Apoptosis is regulated by specific proteins including Bcl-2 family proteins and channel proteins. The development of prostate cancer requires the transformation of normal epithelial cells into malignant cells that lose the ability to accumulate zinc. One of the main effects of zinc is to prevent the growth of prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis by facilitating the process of pore formation Bax that started apoptogenesis mitochondrial. In addition to Bcl-2 family, VDAC1 also plays an important role in the process of apoptosis. Some studies suggest Bcl-2 has close links with related VDAC1 apoptosis and pro-apoptotic protein Bax also directly interact with VDAC which then induces the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial membrane.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of mRNA of the gene encoding the Bcl-2 family proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) in the process apoptogenesis on prostate cancer cell line that is induced by zinc; Evaluate the mRNA expression of genes in the process VDAC1 apoptogenesis on prostate cancer cell line induced by zinc; Analyzing the relationship between the expression of VDAC1 with Bcl-2 family proteins in prostate cancer cell lines apoptogenesis.

Design: This study used an experimental in vitro and statistical analysis

Methods: To reproduce the prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) performed cell culture, then treated with three groups (control, zinc 20 μM and staurosporin 0,16 μM). Furthermore, the isolation of RNA and RNA electrophoresis to determine the integrity of the RNA. Recently performed qRT PCR and the data were analyzed statistically.

Results: The expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1 on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) were treated with zinc decreased than the control (untreated). However, a decrease in the expression of no significant value because the value of p > 0.05 (Bax significant value = 0.309; the value of the significance of Bcl-2 = 0.236; VDAC1 significant value = 0.437). VDAC1 has a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with Bax (p = 0.01) than Bcl-2 (p = 0.118).

Conclusion: There is a change in the expression of each gene (Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1) in prostate cancer cell lines that treated with zinc than untreated, but no significant value. VDAC1 has a significant correlation with Bax and had no significant correlation with Bcl-2., Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Cancer occurs due to loss control of cell proliferation and apoptosis thus continuously proliferating cells without cell death. Apoptosis is regulated by specific proteins including Bcl-2 family proteins and channel proteins. The development of prostate cancer requires the transformation of normal epithelial cells into malignant cells that lose the ability to accumulate zinc. One of the main effects of zinc is to prevent the growth of prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis by facilitating the process of pore formation Bax that started apoptogenesis mitochondrial. In addition to Bcl-2 family, VDAC1 also plays an important role in the process of apoptosis. Some studies suggest Bcl-2 has close links with related VDAC1 apoptosis and pro-apoptotic protein Bax also directly interact with VDAC which then induces the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial membrane.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of mRNA of the gene encoding the Bcl-2 family proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) in the process apoptogenesis on prostate cancer cell line that is induced by zinc; Evaluate the mRNA expression of genes in the process VDAC1 apoptogenesis on prostate cancer cell line induced by zinc; Analyzing the relationship between the expression of VDAC1 with Bcl-2 family proteins in prostate cancer cell lines apoptogenesis.

Design: This study used an experimental in vitro and statistical analysis

Methods: To reproduce the prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) performed cell culture, then treated with three groups (control, zinc 20 μM and staurosporin 0,16 μM). Furthermore, the isolation of RNA and RNA electrophoresis to determine the integrity of the RNA. Recently performed qRT PCR and the data were analyzed statistically.

Results: The expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1 on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) were treated with zinc decreased than the control (untreated). However, a decrease in the expression of no significant value because the value of p > 0.05 (Bax significant value = 0.309; the value of the significance of Bcl-2 = 0.236; VDAC1 significant value = 0.437). VDAC1 has a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with Bax (p = 0.01) than Bcl-2 (p = 0.118).

Conclusion: There is a change in the expression of each gene (Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1) in prostate cancer cell lines that treated with zinc than untreated, but no significant value. VDAC1 has a significant correlation with Bax and had no significant correlation with Bcl-2.]"

"Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi efek krioprotektif madu lengkeng (Dimocarpus longan) terhadap integritas struktur folikel preantral dan profil ekspresi protein apoptosis jalur intrinsik. Sebanyak 24 ekor tikus (Rattus norvegicus L) dikelompokkan menjadi 8 kelompok, terdiri atas KKN, KKV (NaCl 0,9%), KKP1 (EG 7,5%), KKP2 (EG 15%), KP1 (EG 7,5% + ML 7,5%), KP2 (EG 7,5% + ML 15%), KP3 (EG 15% + ML 7,5%), dan KP4 (EG 15% + ML 15%). Pengamatan terhadap densitas,struktur folikel serta ekspresi protein Bax,Bcl2 dan Caspase3 dilakukan terhadap sayatan ovarium yang dibuat dengan metode parafin dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE) dan imunohistokimia. Antibodi primer yang digunakan adalah antibodi poliklonal Rabbit Anti-Bax (A00183 Boster, USA), Rabbit Anti-Bcl-2 (A00040-2 Boster, USA) dan Active Caspase-3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (ab4051 Abcam, UK) dan One Step Neopoly Detection System Kit (BGNK-0025 Biogear, USA). Identifikasi terhadap tiap tipe folikel preantral menggunakan mikroskop cahaya yang terhubung dengan perangkat lunak Image Raster dan IHC profiler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, efek krioprotektif madu lengkeng dapat meningkatkan densitas folikel, indeks folikel intak G2 dan G3, menurunkan indeks folikel G1, menekan ekspresi protein Bax dan caspase 3 serta meningkatkan ekspresi protein Bcl2. Dengan demikian, madu lengkeng memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai krioprotektan ekstraselular alami dalam aplikasi vitrifikasi ovarium.

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A study was conducted to identify the cryoprotective effect of longan honey (Dimocarpus longan) on the structural integrity of the preantral follicle and the expression profile of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis protein. A total of 24 rats (Rattus norvegicus L) were grouped into 8 groups, consisting of KKN, KKV (NaCl 0.9%), KKP1 (EG 7.5%), KKP2 (EG 15%), KP1 (EG 7.5% + LH 7.5%), KP2 (EG 7.5% + LH 15%), KP3 (EG 15% + LH 7.5%), and KP4 (EG 15% + LH 15%). Observations on the density, follicular structure and protein expression of Bax, Bcl2 and Caspase3 were carried out on ovarian sections made by paraffin method with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry. The primary antibodies used were Rabbit Anti-Bax polyclonal antibody (A00183 Boster, USA), Rabbit Anti-Bcl-2 (A00040-2 Boster, USA) and Active Caspase-3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (ab4051 Abcam, UK) and One Step Neopoly Detection System Kit (BGNK-0025 Biogear, USA). Identification of each type of preantral follicle using a light microscope connected to Image Raster software and an IHC profiler. The results showed that the cryoprotective effect of longan honey could increase follicle density, G2 and G3 intact follicle index, decrease G1 follicle index, suppress Bax protein expression and caspase 3 and increase Bcl2 protein expression. Thus, longan honey has the potential to be developed as a natural extracellular cryoprotectant in ovarian vitrification applications."

"Oral commensal bacterium Streptococcus sanguinis may find in periodontal lesions, deep seated infection, and infective endocarditis that are usually dominated by anaerobes. This bacterium caused cell death on some cells but host responses to this species remained unclear. Objective: This study was aimed to detect cell morphologicalchange and role of caspase-3 in cell death mechanism induced by S. sanguinis. Methods: HeLa cells as representative model for oral epithelial cells were exposed to 107 cells/ml bacteria for 48 h. Morphological change was observed microscopically after hematoxyline-eosin staining. Expression of active caspase-3 was examined by immunocytochemical analysis after cell stimulation for 36 and 48 h with wild type supragingival S. sanguinis. Doxorubicin (0.5625 μg/ml) was used as positive control for caspase-3 activation. Results: The results showed cell shrinkage of bacterial-treated cells; and active caspase-3 molecules were detected after 36 and 48 hours cell stimulation. Conclusion: This study would suggest cell shrinkage and caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death induced by S. sanguinis."