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"Latar belakang: Infeksi saluran cerna dengan manifestasi klinis berupa diare merupakan penyakit infeksi dengan kesakitan dan kematian yang tinggi terutama di negara-negara yang sedang berkembang. Diare menimbulkan kematian terutama pada bayi baru lahir di bawah 1 tahun. Penanganan telah ditingkatkan secara terus menerus, namun demikian kemajuan dalam diagnosis maupun pengobatan tidak terjangkau oleh negara-negara yang sedang berkembang. Salah satu penyebab infeksi saluran cerna adalah bakteri. Oleh karenanya dengan mengetahui bakteri penyebab serta pola resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik dapat menunjang penatalaksanaan penyakit ini. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui berbagai jenis mikroba yang diisolasi dari saluran cerna serta pola resistensinya terhadap beberapa antibiotik.Metode: Spesimen berupa tinja, usap dubur atau anus yang diterima oleh Laboratorium Mikrobiologi FKUI selama 2005- 2008. Isolasi, identifi kasi kepekaan dan uji antibiotik dikerjakan sesuai prosedur standar yang berlaku. Interpretasi hasil uji kepekaan menggunaan panduan NCCLS/CLSI. Data dianalisis menggunakan WHOnet versi 5.3.Hasil: Diperoleh 28 isolat Escherichia coli patogen, 1 isolat Salmonella paratyphi A, dan 4 isolat ragi yang diisolasi dari tinja dan swab dubur penderita. Walaupun Escherichia coli patogen masih peka terhadap beberapa antibiotik, namun kepekaannya menurun terhadap amoxicillin, sulbenicillin, ticarcillin dan trimethoprim/rulfamethoxazole.Kesimpulan: Escherichia coli patogen merupakan bakteri terbanyak yang berhasil diisolasi dari tinja/usap dubur. Bakteri ini telah menunjukkan penurunan kepekaan terhadap beberapa antibiotik yang sering digunakan untuk mengobati infeksi saluran cerna. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:105-8).

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AbstractBackground: Digestive tract infection with clinical manifestation of diarrhea is an infectious disease that has the highest morbidity and mortality rate, especially in developing countries. Diarrhea causes mortality mostly in infants under one year old. Improvement in management is done continuously, but advances in diagnosis and therapy cannot be reached by developing countries. One of the etiological agents causing infection of digestive tract is bacteria. Therefore, knowledge of bacteria that cause gastrointestinal infection and their resistance patterns may support the management of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine microbes that were isolated from the digestive tract and their resistance patterns against antibiotics.Methods: Samples (stool, rectal/anal swab) were collected from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, FKUI during 2005-2008. Isolation, identifi cation and sensitivity test were conducted according to standard laboratory procedures. Interpretation of sensitivity test was done according to NCCLS/CLSI guidance. Data was analyzed using WHOnet version 5.3.Results: We found 28 isolates of pathogenic Escherichia coli, 1 isolate of S. paratyphi A and 4 isolates of yeasts. Pathogenic Escherichia coli were still sensitive against some antibiotics, but the sensitivity was reduced against amoxicillin, sulbenicillin, ticarcillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.Conclusion: The most predominant gastrointestinal tract infection causing microbes was pathogenic Escherichia coli. These bacteria showed decrease sensitivity against some antibiotics commonly used to treat patients with gastrointestinal tract infection. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:105-8)"

"We report three rare cases of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Two cases are of gastric MALT lymphoma and one is a case of transverse colon MALT lymphoma. The two cases of gastric MALT lymphoma were diagnosed by endoscopy which demonstrated an ulcer in the cardia and another in the corpus. The first case is in a 62-year-old male. The patients medical history revealed upper GI tract bleeding with melaena in 1993. At the time no diagnosis was made on endoscopy In August 2000, melaena recurred and endoscopy showed an ulcer in the cardio. Histology showed high-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. Based on Ann Arbor classification, the patient was classified as stage IE gastrointestinal lymphoma. H. pylori was negative. The patient received chemotherapy The second case is in a 53-year-old male. He suffered from gastric lymphoma for 3 years. He complained of annually recurring haematemesis before a definitive diagnosis was finally established. He suffered jiom stage IE low-grade well-differentiated lymphocytic MALT lymphoma. H. pylori was negative. Endoscopic procedure after H. pylori eradication showed ulcer regression though histology still showed low-grade MALT lymphoma and H. pylori as positive. The third case is in a 46-year-old male with a complaint of haematochezia. Colonoscopy showed intususception due to tumor in the transverse colon. Histologic examination showed chronic colitis and granulomatosa. lnvagination due to colon tumor was reported. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimen showed low-grade small cell lymphocyte-plasmocytoid lymphoma. "

"Escherichia coli bertanggung jawab atas 80-90% menyebabkan infeksi saluran kemih (ISK). Ciprofloxacin merupakan salah satu antibiotik yang berspektrum luas yang bekerja efektif terhadap E. coli yang biasa digunakan dalam pengobatan ISK. Namun telah banyak dilaporkan meningkatnya resistensi E. coli penyebab ISK terhadap Ciprofloxacin. Mutasi pada QRDR gen gyrA dan gyrB merupakan 2 gen yang banyak dilaporkan sebagai penyebab resitesnsi terhadap Ciprofloxacin. Di Indonesia, studi mutasi gen gyrA dan gyrB yang dikaitkan dengan resistensi E. coli penyebab ISK terhadap Ciprofloxacin belum dilaporkan. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan karakterisasi daerah QRDR gen gyrA dan gyrB menggunakan metoda PCR dan DNA sekuensing yang mencakup posisi asam amino 40-110 (gyrA) dan posisi 407-473 (gyrB). Untuk gen gyrA, dari semua isolat (9 isolat) mengalami 2 perubahan asam amino pada posisi 83 (S83L) dan 87 (D87N) di daerah QRDR. 1 isolat mengalami 2 tambahan perubahan asam amino diluar daerah QRDR pada posisi asam amino 55 (L55V) dan posisi asam amino 66 (S66T). Adapun gen gyrB, dari 9 isolat semua isolat tidak mengalami perubahan asam amino di daerah QRDR. Berdasarkan analisis docking, isolat yang mengalami 4 perubahan asam amino (gyrA) menunjukkan pelemahan afinitas yang kuat antara DNA gyrase dan ciprofloxacin dibandingkan dengan isolat yang hanya mengalami 2 perubahan asam amino pada daerah QRDR.

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Escherichia coli is responsible for 80-90% of causes of urinary tract infections (UTI). Ciprofloxacin is broad spectrum antibiotic that works effectively against E. coli which is commonly used in the treatment of UTI. However, there have been many reports of increasing resistance of E. coli that causes UTI to Ciprofloxacin. Mutations in the QRDR genes gyrA and gyrB are two genes that have been widely reported as causes of resistance to Ciprofloxacin. In Indonesia, studies of gyrA and gyrB gene mutations associated with resistance of UTI-causing E. coli to Ciprofloxacin have not been reported. Therefore, in this study, the QRDR region of the gyrA and gyrB genes was characterized using PCR and DNA sequencing methods covering amino acid positions 40-110 (gyrA) and positions 407-473 (gyrB). For the gyrA gene, all isolates (9 isolates) experienced 2 amino acid changes at positions 83 (S83L) and 87 (D87N) in the QRDR region. 1 isolate experienced 2 additional amino acid changes outside the QRDR region at amino acid position 55 (L55V) and amino acid position 66 (S66T). As for the gyrB gene, of the 9 isolates, all isolates did not experience amino acid changes in the QRDR region. Based on docking analysis, isolates that experienced 4 amino acid changes (gyrA) showed a strong weakening of the affinity between DNA gyrase and ciprofloxacin compared to isolates that only experienced 2 amino acid changes in the QRDR region."

"This atlas will illustrate the distribution and morphological features of interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) which are the key cells to understanding of the regulatory mechanism of gastrointestinal motility, since ICC act as both pacemaker and as intermediates in neural transmission, and since ICC show specific distribution patterns depending on their anatomical positions. All subtypes of ICC located in the different tissue layers and different levels of the gastrointestinal tract will be revealed by immunohistochemistry for Kit receptors and nerves by using mainly whole-mount stretch preparation of the guinea-pig tissues. Three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal images will particularly help the readers to understand the peculiar arrangement of ICC networks in situ and the correlation between ICC and nerves. Electron micrographs will help illustrate the characteristic features of ICC and their ultrastructural differences from fibroblasts, smooth muscles and other interstitial cells."

"ABSTRAK Pasien mikosis meningkat sejalan dengan bertambahnya populasi imunokompromi. Pengetahuan tentang jamur penyebab dan respons terhadap antijamur penting dalam tatalaksana mikosis yang dipengaruhi oleh geografi, sehingga penting untuk menelitinya sesuai wilayah dalam hal ini Jakarta. Penelitian bersifat retrospektif dilakukan di Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI dengan meneliti data tahun 2004-2015. Didapatkan 16478 isolat dari 14707 bahan klinis. Golongan khamir terbanyak adalah C. albicans, C. tropicalis dan C. parapsilosis, sementara golongan kapang adalah Aspergillus dan Fusarium. Sebagian besar khamir peka terhadap flukonazol dan Aspergillus seluruhnya peka terhadap vorikonazol. sebagian besar uji kepekaan khamir peka terhadap itrakonazol sedangkan kepekaan kapang hanya sekitar 50 peka.

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ABSTRACT Patients with mycosis rise along with increasing number of immunocompromised population. Awareness to causative fungi and its susceptibility to antifungals is important in mycoses treatment which is influenced by geographic conditions, so investigation by region is needed, in this case Jakarta. Retrospective study was conducted to investigate data at Parasitology laboratory FKUI from 2004 2015. There were 16,478 isolates obtained from 14,707 clinical specimens. The most common yeasts are C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, whereas Aspergillus and Fusarium were the most common mold. Most of the yeasts are sensitive to fluconazole and itraconazole, the whole Aspergillus are sensitive to voriconazole, whereas the susceptibility to itraconazole is only about 50 . "