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"Tujuan Mendapatkan metode diagnostik kanker paru dengan cara tidak invasif dengan HRCT sistem skoring yang setara dengan pemeriksaa Patologi Anatomik. Metode Penelitian dilakukan dari Desember 2006 sampai dengan Maret 2008. Sebanyak 55 pasien, 40 laki-laki dan 15 perempuan yang diduga kanker paru diperiksa dengan CT-scan toraks teknik HRCT tanpa dan dengan kontras, dilanjutkan TTB dengan tuntunan CT untuk mendapatkan bahan sitologi. Hasil Pemeriksaan PA didapatkan 43 pasien (78%) kanker paru dan 12 pasien (22%) tidak terbukti ganas/jinak. Berdasarkan kecocokan gambaran HRCT dan PA dibuat skor untuk umur > 49 tahun, volume tumor lebih dari 68 cm3, HU lebih dari 21, spikula positif , dan angiogram + serta KGB + , dengan nilai masing?masing 20, 19, 10, 24, 18, dan 17 skor total 108. Kesimpulan Tehnik baru dalam mendiagnosis kanker paru dengan HRCT sistem skoring setara dengan pemeriksaan patologi anatomik dengan sensitivitas 97,7% dan spesifisitas 83,3% dengan nilai batas skor 35. Bila skor < 35 berarti lesi jinak dan bila skor >35 berarti ganas

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AbstractAim To find a non-invasive diagnostic method for lung cancer with results almost as accurate as histopathological examinations with HRCT scoring system. Method This study was conducted from December 2006 until March 2008. A total number of 55 persons, comprised of 40 male and 15 female patients suspected of having lung cancer, underwent high resolution computed tomography with and without contrast as well as CT-guided transthoracic needle aspiration to obtain cytology specimens.. Results Histopathological examinations revealed the existence of lung cancer in 43 patients (78%) and benign lesions in 12 patients (22%). A scoring system was then made based on the similarities of findings from CT and findings from pathological examinations, where the age group of 49 years and above, tumor volume of more than 68 cm3, HU of more than 21, spicula positive, angiogram positive and lymph node positive had a value of respectively 20, 19, 10, 24, 18, and 17 (total score 108). Conclusion This new method to diagnose lung cancer using high resolution computed tomography converted into a scoring system is constantly as accurate as histological findings with a sensitivity of 97.7% and a specificity of 83,3% and a cut-off score of 35. According to this system, a score of less than 35 indicates that the lesions were benign while a score higher than 35 was considered an indication that the lesions were malignant."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit paru interstisial (ILD) merupakan salah satu manifestasi sklerosis sistemik (SSc) pada paru dan faktor mortalitas utama SSc. SSc-ILD meningkatkan angka mortalitas 5 tahun pasien SSc sebesar 3 kali lipat. Hampir dua pertiga pasien SSc-ILD dengan kelainan minimal pada high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) toraks memperlihatkan progresivitas signifikan dalam 2 tahun. Model prediksi progresivitas SSc-ILD yang tersedia, yakni GAP (gender, age, and lung physiology) dan SADL (smoking history, age, and diffusion capacity of the lung), terbukti memiliki nilai prognostik yang baik. Model prognostik yang melibatkan parameter HRCT toraks dan Modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS) diharapkan dapat membantu seleksi pasien SSc-ILD yang memerlukan pemantauan ketat atau terapi dini untuk mencegah progresivitas.Metode: Studi ini melibatkan pasien SSc-ILD yang menjalani pemeriksaan HRCT toraks awal dan evaluasi di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dokter Cipto Mangunkusumo pada periode Januari 2016 hingga Desember 2021. Dilakukan volumetri kuantitatif menggunakan piranti lunak 3DSlicer® pada HRCT toraks awal untuk menghasilkan persentase volume paru abnormal, high attenuation area (HAA), dan low attenuation area (LAA) yang selanjutnya dianalisa sebagai faktor prognostik. Pola ILD pada HRCT toraks awal dan nilai mRSS masing-masing subyek diidentifikasi dan dianalisa sebagai faktor prognostik progresivitas SSc-ILD. Progresivitas SSc-ILD dikategorikan menjadi progresif dan non-progresif berdasarkan selisih persentase volume paru abnormal antara HRCT toraks awal dan evaluasi.Hasil: Perbedaan rerata yang bermakna ditemukan pada volume paru abnormal, volume HAA, dan volume LAA, nilai mRSS antara SSc-ILD progresif dan non-progresif (p < 0,001). Berdasarkan receiver operating characteristic curve, ditetapkan nilai titik potong dari masing-masing variabel. Nilai titik potong persentase volume paru abnormal ditetapkan sebesar 32,82% dengan nilai sensitivitas 100% dan spesifisitas 93,8%. Nilai titik potong persentase volume HAA ditetapkan sebesar 19,76% dengan nilai sensitivitas 93,8% dan spesifisitas 93,8%. Nilai titik potong persentase volume LAA ditetapkan sebesar 9,89% dengan nilai sensitivitas 62,5% dan spesifisitas 62,5%. Nilai titik potong mRSS ditetapkan sebesar 18,5 dengan sensitivitas 93,8% dan spesifisitas 100%. Tidak ada perbedaan proporsi pola ILD antara kedua kelompok tersebut (p 0,220).Kesimpulan: Volume paru abnormal > 32,82%, volume HAA > 19,76%, volume LAA > 9,89%, dan/atau nilai mRSS > 18,5 merupakan prediktor progresivitas SSc-ILD. Hasil volumetri kuantitatif abnormalitas paru pada HRCT toraks dan nilai mRSS merupakan faktor prognostik progresivitas SSc-ILD yang mudah diperoleh dan diaplikasikan dalam praktik klinis sehari-hari.

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Background: Interstitial pulmonary disease (ILD) is one of the manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in the lungs and the main mortality factor of SSc. SSc-ILD multiplies the 5-year mortality rate of SSc patients by 3 times. Nearly two-thirds of SSc-ILD patients with minimal abnormalities in chest high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed significant progressivity within 2 years. The available prediction models of SSc-ILD progression, namely GAP (gender, age, and lung physiology) and SADL (smoking history, age, and diffusion capacity of the lungs), have been proven to demonstrate excellent prognostic values. Prognostic models involving chest HRCT parameters and Modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS) are expected to aid the selection of SSc-ILD patients who require close monitoring or early therapy to prevent progression.

Method: This study involved SSc-ILD patients who underwent initial and follow-up chest HRCT examination and evaluation at the National Central General Hospital of Doctor Cipto Mangunkusumo in the period from January 2016 to December 2021. Quantitative volumetric measurement was performed using 3DSlicer® software on the initial chest HRCT to yield abnormal pulmonary volume, high attenuation area (HAA) volume, and low attenuation area (LAA) volume percentage which were subsequently analyzed as prognostic factors. ILD patterns in the initial chest HRCT and mRSS values of each subject were identified and analyzed as prognostic factors of SSc-ILD progression. The progression of SSc-ILD is classified into progressive and non-progressive based on the abnormal pulmonary volume percentage difference between the initial and follow-up chest HRCT.

Result: Significant mean differences were found in abnormal lung volume percentage, HAA volume percentage, LAA volume percentage, and mRSS values between progressive and non-progressive SSc-ILD groups (p < 0.001). Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, the cut-off point value of each variable is determined. The cut-off point value of the percentage of abnormal pulmonary volume was set at 32.82% with a sensitivity value of 100% and a specificity of 93.8%. The cut point value of the HAA volume percentage was set at 19.76% with a sensitivity value of 93.8% and a specificity of 93.8%. The LAA volume percentage cut point value was set at 9.89% with a sensitivity value of 62.5% and a specificity of 62.5%. The mRSS cut-off value was set at 18.5 with a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 100%. There was no significant in the proportion of ILD patterns between the two groups (p 0.220).

Conclusion: Abnormal lung volume > 32.82%, HAA volume > 19.76%, LAA volume > 9.89%, and/or mRSS value > 18.5 are predictors of SSc-ILD progression. Quantitative volumetric results of pulmonary abnormalities in chest HRCT and mRSS values are prognostic factors of SSc-ILD progression that are easily obtained and applied in daily clinical practice."

"Pendahuluan : Pemeriksaan high resolution computer tomography (HRCT) menjadi pilihan metode pemeriksaan penunjang untuk penegakan diagnosis hipersensitif pneumonitis. Dengan belum adanya pemeriksaan baku emas penegakan diagnosis maka perlu ditelaah mengenai keakuratan penggunaan metode penunjang penegakan diagnosis tersebut.Metode : metode pencarian artikel menggunakan pubmed dan scopus serta melakukan skrining artikel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Hasil pencarian artikel tersebut kemudian dilakukan telaah dengan menggunakan kriteria penilaian validitas, tingkat pentingnya hasil yang didapat pada penelitian tersebut, dan kemampu-terapan.Hasil : Hasil pencarian didapatkan sebanyak 415 artikel dari Pubmed dan 343 artikel dari Scopus. Ditemukan hanya 2 (dua) artikel uji diagnosis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, eksklusi dan metode PICO yang ditetapkan sebelumnya. Artikel pertama oleh Lynch dkk (1992) ditemukan sensitivitas 45 %, spesifisitas 90 % dan akurasi diagnosis sebesar 74 %. Artikel kedua oleh Rival G (2016) dkk menemukan nilai sensitivitas 66 %, spesifisitas 96 % dan akurasi diagnostik sebesar 86 %. Sehingga terbukti bahwa pemeriksaan high resolution computer tomography (HRCT) sebagai metode / alat penegakan diagnosis hipersensitif pneumonitis memiliki tingkat akurasi yang baik namun tidak cukup akurat sebagai alat skrining diagnosis hipersensitif pneumonitis.

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Introduction : High resolution computer tomography (HRCT) examination becomes the preferred method of investigation for the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In the absence of a gold standard of diagnosis, it is important to examine the sensitivity and specificity of this method.

Method : The articles searching methods by using Pubmed and Scopus and screening the articles with inclution and exclution criteria which were predetermined, articles were than performed using the assesment criteria of validity, importance, and ability applied.

Result : The results were 415 articles from Pubmed and 343 articles from Scopus. 2 (two) articles diagnostic test were found in accordance with the inclution, exclution criteria and PICO methods which were predetermined. These articles were than performed a systematic review of articles and the result was valid. The first Article by Lynch et all (1992) found 45 % sensitivity, 90 % specificity and the accuration of diagnose was 74 % and the second article by Rival G et all (2016) found 66 % sensitivity, 96 % specificity and the accuration of diagnose was 86 %. There were found an evidence about using the accuration of high resolution computer tomography (HRCT) as a tool for diagnosis hypersensitivity pneumonitis was good. But the accuracy was not accurate enough as a screening tool for hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Conclusion : using high resolution computer tomography (HRCT) is more acurate as a diagnostic examination than a screening method."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data profil kanalis fallopii segmen mastoid dan korda timpani sebelum operasi mastoidektomi untuk mengurangi angka morbiditas cedera kanalis fallopii akibat operasi. Metode: Pada penelitian retrospektif ini dilakukan rekonstruksi High-Resolution Computed Tomography tulang temporal terhadap 100 tulang temporal normal pada 50 pasien yang menjalani pemeriksaan CT scan kepala dan leher, yang diambil dari raw-data mulai Desember 2012 sampai Februari 2013. Rekonstruksi dilakukan dengan parameter ketebalan irisan 0,6 cm, increment 0,3 cm, Kernel filter Very Sharp (H70s), Window setting Osteo/Mastoid, menggunakan pesawat MDCT Somatom Definition Flash Dual Source 128 slice. Hasil dan diskusi: Bentuk kanalis fallopii segmen mastoid paling banyak ditemukan tipe lurus sebanyak 75%, defleksi terhadap bidang sagital dan defleksi terhadap bidang horizontal anatomi paling banyak ditemukan tidak terdapat defleksi sebanyak 62% dan 68%. Percabangan korda timpani paling banyak ditemukan intratemporal sebanyak 75%, yang tersering pada 1/3 distal kanalis fallopii segmen mastoid. Sudut korda timpani yang dibentuk korda timpani terhadap kanalis fallopii segmen mastoid paling banyak ditemukan antara 16 sampai 30 derajat sebanyak 37,3%. Ukuran korda timpani yang minimal tervisualisasi adalah 0,04 cm. Kesimpulan: Proporsi defleksi kanalis fallopii segmen mastoid terhadap bidang sagital dan horizontal adalah tidak terdapat defleksi.

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Objectives: This research was conducted to obtain profile data of mastoid segment of fallopian canal and tympanic cord before masteidectomy to reduce the morbidity rate of surgery-related fallopian canal injury.

Material and method: In this retrospective study reconstruction of High Resolution Computed Tomography of the temporal bone in 100 normal temporal bone in 50 patients who underwent a CT scan of the head and neck, were taken from the raw-data from December 2012 to February 2013. Reconstruction is done by parameters slice thickness 0,6 cm, increment 0,3 cm, Kernel filter Very Sharp (H70s), Window setting Osteo/Mastoid,using MDCT Somatom Definition Flash Dual Source 128 slice.

Result: Mastoid segment of fallopian canal commonly found type of straight as much as 75%, deflection of the sagittal plane and the horizontal field of anatomy most commonly found there was no deflection were 62% and 68%, respectively. Branching chordate tympani most commonly found intratemporal as much as 75%, which is common in 1/3 distal of mastoid segmen fallopian canal. The angled formed by chorda tympani and mastoid segment fallopian canal is most prevalent among 16 to 30 degrees as much as 37.3%. The minimum size of the chorda tympani is 0.04 cm.

Conclusion: Proportion of deflection mastoid segment facial canal of the sagittal and horizontal plane there is no deflection."

"This title covers the use of high-res computed tomography for diagnosis and assessment of diffuse lung diseases. This reference offers a thorough grounding in HRCT interpretation, offering the latest technical and clinical data, including recent advances in the classification and understanding of diffuse lung diseases and their HRCT appearances.Looking for the seminal guide to HRCT and lung abnormalities? Get the newly revised and updated 5th edition of High-Resolution CT of the Lung, the leading reference on the use of high-res computed tomography for diagnosis and assessment of diffuse lung diseases. Written by leading experts in the field, this comprehensive reference offers a thorough grounding in HRCT interpretation, offering the latest technical and clinical data, including recent advances in the classification and understanding of diffuse lung diseases and their HRCT appearances.Features: new: full-color illustrations of histo."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang dan tujuan: Uveitis granulomatosa merupakan suatu keadaan inflamasi ocular yang tersering disebabkan oleh kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penegakkan diagnosis sulit dilakukan karena isolasi mikroorganisme langsung dari mata sulit dilakukan. Tidak terdiagnosisnya atau keterlambatan diagnosis dapat berakibat penurunan tajam penglihatan yang signifikan sampai mengakibatkan kebutaan. Foto toraks dan HRCT toraks merupakan pemeriksaan radiologi yang dapat dilakukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis guna tata laksana yang tepat. Metode: Uji diagnostik dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan radiografi konvensional toraks dan HRCT toraks berdasarkan database populasi Indonesia, terhadap 28 subjek penelitian, menggunakan data primer dalam kurun waktu Januari 2015 sampai Juli 2015. Hasil: Didapatkan nilai sensitivitas 62,5 , spesifisitas 100 , PPV 100 , dan NPV 64,7 . Uji McNemar didapatkan nilai p 0,075 dan nilai Kappa r 0,41 antara temuan lesi pada foto toraks dan HRCT toraks. Kesimpulan: Foto toraks positif berperan dalam memprediksi kemungkinan adanya kelainan paru pada pasien uveitis, tetapi hasil foto toraks itu sendiri kurang memiliki peran dalam memprediksi tidak adanya kelainan paru pada pasien uveitis

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ABSTRACTBackgrounds and Objectives Granulomatous uveitis is ocular inflammatory condition that mostly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Certain diagnosis becomes tough due to convoluted direct isolation of the microorganism from the eyes. Delayed treatment or under diagnose may cause significant reduction of eyesight that leads to blindness. Chest x ray and HRCT are two radiological inquirements that can be done in empowering the diagnosis and giving proper treatment. Methods A cross sectional diagnostic study between chest x ray and HRCT based on population database in Indonesia, conducted in 28 subjects in the period of January 2015 to July 2015. Results Sensitivity index 62,5 , specificity 100 , PPV 100 , and NPV 64,7 . McNemar study shows p 0.075 and Kappa value r 0.41 between the lesions found by chest x ray and HRCT. Conclusions Positive chest x ray has a major role in predicting the possibility of lung abnormalities in patients with uveitis. On the other side, chest x ray has less power in excluding the lung abnormalities in patients with uveitis."

"Latar Belakang : Berdasarkan onset gejala, efek jangka panjang dari pascaCOVID-19 disebut long COVID. Long COVID berlangsung dari pekan keempat sampai lebih dari dua belas pekan paascaonset gejala. Selain gejala sisa COVID-19, hal yang harus dievaluasi adalah gambaran lesi paru sebagai sekuele pascaCOVID-19. Sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19 dievaluasi dengan high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19 yang dapat timbul adalah ground glass opacity dan gambaran fibrosis. Selain derajat berat COVID-19, banyak faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kekerapan terjadinya sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19 dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan kohort yang dilakukan bulan Juni 2020 hingga Juli 2021. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien pascaCOVID-19 yang melakukan HRCT toraks pada pekan keempat hingga keduabelas dari onset gejala dengan hasil PCR usap tenggorok minimal satu kali negatif. Subjek penelitian dipilih sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pengambilan data melalui data sekunder berupa data rekam medis dan hasil HRCT pasien yang kontrol di poli pascaCOVID RSUP Persabahatan. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan total 81 subjek dengan pasien yang memiliki sekuele pascaCOVID-19 ada sebanyak 64 pasien dan yang tidak mengalami sekuele sebanyak 17 orang. Kelompok pasien yang mengalami sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19 paling banyak ada pada kelompok 40-59 tahun sebanyak 34 dari 41 pasien. Pada penelitian ini pasien laki-laki memiliki hubungan dengan terjadinya sekuele pascaCOVID-19 (p=0,002). Komorbid paling banyak dijumpai pada penelitian ini adalah hipertensi (54,3) dan DM tipe II (23,4%). Derajat COVID-19 berat kritis berhubungan terhadap terjadinya sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19 (nilai p 0,003). Kejadian ARDS juga memiliki hubungan dengan terjadinya sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19 (p=0,007). Pemakaian oksigen (O2) meliputi fraksi (p= 0,005) dan durasi (p= 0,006) juga memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan terjadinya sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19. Hasil analisis multivariat mendapatkan jenis kelamin dan derajat berat merupakan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi sekuele paru pasca-COVID-19.

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Background: The long-term effects of post-COVID-19 are known as long COVID based on the onset of symptoms. Long COVID lasts from the fourth week to more than twelve weeks after the onset of symptoms. In addition to the sequelae of COVID-19, what must be evaluated is the appearance of lung lesions as a sequelae after COVID-19. Post-COVID19 pulmonay sequelae was evaluated by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) as ground glass opacity and fibrosis. Beside COVID-19 severity, a variety of other factors have a role in the development of post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae and their influencing factors.

Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with a cohort approach that was conducted from June 2020 to July 2021. The subjects were post-COVID-19 patients who underwent thoracic HRCT in the fourth to twelfth week of symptom onset with a negative throat swab PCR result at least once. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to determine which subjects will be included in the study. Data collection through secondary data form medical record and HRCT results of patients controlled at the post-COVID polyclinic at Persahabatan Hospital.

Results: In this study, there were 64 patients who had post-COVID-19 sequelae and 17 patients who did not. There was a total of 81 subjects. The group of patients who experienced post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae was mostly in the 40-59 years group with 34 out of 41 patients. In this study, male patients had an association with post-COVID-19 sequelae (p=0.002). The most common comorbidities found in this study were hypertension (54.3) and type II DM (23.4%). The degree of critically severe COVID-19 is related to the occurrence of post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae (p 0.003). The incidence of ARDS also has a relationship with the occurrence of post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae (p=0.007). Oxygen consumption including fraction of inspired oxygen (p= 0.005) and duration (p= 0.006) also has a significant relationship with the occurrence of post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae. The results of the multivariate analysis found that gender and severity were factors that influenced post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae."

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Tuli sensorineural adalah penyebab tuli terbanyak pada anak-anak, akibat gangguan antaran impuls saraf pada koklea. Teknik implann koklea berkembang untuk mengatasi kelainan ini. Tomografi komputer resolusi tinggi memberikan peranan penting untuk mengevaluasi struktur koklea dan mengukur panjang duktus koklea untuk kepentingan pemasangan implan. Pengukuran dengan cara manual memiliki kekurangan waktu pengerjaan yang lama. Terdapat cara pengukuran dengan menggunakan rumus panjang duktus koklea yang dikembangkan oleh salah satu merk implan. Apabila terdapat korelasi antara kedua cara pengukuran tersebut, maka cara pengukuran dengan rumus panjang koklea dapat digunakan secara umum untuk semua merk implan koklea. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan uji korelasi pada rerata panjang duktus koklea pasien dengan tuli sensorineural menggunakan pengukuran secara manual dan rumus panjang koklea yang dilakukan pemeriksaan tomografi komputer resolusi tinggi tulang temporal di Departemen Radiologi RSCM terhadap 86 sampel penelitian. Hasil: Dengan uji korelasi Pearson, didapatkan nilai p

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Background and Objective: Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common cause of deafness in children, due to impaired nerve impulses in the cochlea. Cochlear implant technique develops to overcome this disorder. High resolution computed tomography provides an important role in evaluating the cochlear structure and measuring the length of the cochlear ducts for the benefit of implantation. Manual measurements have a short time lapse. There is a method of measurement using the cochlear duct length equation developed by one of the implant brands. If there is a correlation between the two methods of measurement, then the method of measurement by cochlear length equation can be used generally for all brands of cochlear implants

Methods: A Descriptive correlation study of the mean length of the patient 39 s cochlear duct with sensorineural hearing loss using manual measurement and cochlear length equation performed by high resolution computed tomography examination of the temporal bone at Radiology Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital for 86 research samples.

Results: With Pearson correlation test, obtained p value "

"Latar belakang: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) merupakan protein yang berperan dalam proses inflamasi dan remodeling yang disebabkan oleh infeksi, termasuk tuberkulosis paru (TB), terutama multidrug resistance. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkorelasikan hubungan antara kadar serum dan polimorfisme MMP-1 dan MMP-9 dengan karakteristik kavitas, seperti jumlah, diameter, ketebalan dinding, dan distribusi fibrosis pada Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) dan Drug-Sensitive (DS) pasien TB.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang komparatif. Subyek yang berasal dari pasien rawat jalan RS Abdoel Moelok Lampung Indonesia telah lulus uji etik. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, 34 subjek pada kelompok MDR-TB dan 36 subjek pada kelompok DS-TB. Kadar protein serum MMP-1 dan MMP-9 dilakuakn dengan uji ELISA, dan genotipe MMP-1 dan MMP-9 dengan Sequencing metode Sanger. Kemudian kavitas dan fibrosis dievaluasi dengan menggunakan pemeriksaan High-Resolution Computerized Tomography (HRCT) toraks.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna jumlah kavitas dengan diameter lebih dari 6, 6 mm, dan tebal kavitas pada pasien TB-MDR dibandingkan dengan pasien TB-DS. Distribusi fibrosis pada segmen paru juga berbeda nyata pada MDR-TB dibandingkan dengan DS-TB. Walaupun kadar MMP-9 pada kelompok MDR-TB lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok DS-TB, namun secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara MDR-TB dan DS-TB mengenai jumlah kavitas, diameter kavitas, ketebalan dinding kavitas, serta distribusi fibrosis di segmen paru-paru yang terkena yang dievaluasi dengan HRCT. Penelitian ini mendapatkan frekuensi alel G pada MMP-1 pada populasi Indonesia (Asia) dan adanya hubungan yang signifikan dengan tebal kavitas dengan alel G pada MMP-1 dan alel T pada MMP-9 alelKesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara genotipe MMP-1 (-1607G) dan MMP-9 (C1562T) dengan kadar serum MMP-1 dan MMP-9, genotipe MMP 1 pada kedua kelompok penelitian berbeda secara bermakna dan merupakan faktor pencegahan dua kali lipat kejadian MDR-TB. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan yang substansial dalam ketebalan dinding kavitas antara genotipe G/G MMP-1 1607 T/T MMP-9 pada kedua kelompok penelitian.

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Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteins that play a role in the inflammatory and remodeling processes caused by infections, including pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), especially multidrug resistance. This study aims to correlate the relationship between serum levels and polymorphism of MMP-1 and MMP-9 with cavity characteristics, such as number, diameter, wall thickness, and distribution of fibrosis in Multidrug-Resistant (MDR)- and Drug-Sensitive (DS)-TB patients.

Method: This study used a comparative cross-sectional study design. The subjects came from outpatients at Abdoel Moelok Hospital, Lampung Indonesia had passed the ethical test. Subjects were divided into two groups, 34 subjects in the MDR-TB group and 36 subjects in the DS-TB group. The levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9 were carried out by ELISA test, and the genotipes MMP-1 and MMP-9 were determined using PCR-the Sequencing method. In addition, cavities and fibrosis were measured using thoracic High- Resolution Computerized Tomography (HRCT) imaging.

Results: There was a significant difference in the number of cavities with a diameter of more than 6.6 mm, and cavity thickness in MDR-TB patients compared to DS-TB patients. The distribution of fibrosis in the lung segments was also significantly different in MDR-TB compared to DS-TB. Although MMP-9 levels in the MDR-TB group were higher than in the DS-TB group, there was no statistically significant difference from the study, which showed a relationship between MDR-TB and DS-TB regarding the number of cavities, cavity diameter, walls thickness cavity, as well as the distribution of fibrosis in the affected lung segments evaluated by HRCT. This study found the frequency of the G allele in MMP-1 in the Indonesian population (Asia) and a significant relationship with cavity thickness between the G allele in MMP-1 and the T allele in MMP-9.

Conclusion: There is no relationship between the MMP-1 (-1607G) and MMP-9 (C1562T) genotypes with serum levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9, the MMP 1 genotype in the two study groups was significantly different and was a factor preventing twice the incidence MDR-TB. In addition, the two study groups showed substantial differences in cavity wall thickness between the G/G MMP-1 1607 T/T MMP-9 genotypes."