Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"A patient undergoing surgery faces great physiologic and psycologic stress, so nutritional demands are greatly increased during this period and deficiencies can easily develop. If this deficiencies are allowed to develop and are not met in screening, serious malnutrition and clinical problem can occur. Therefore careful attention must be given to a patient's nutritional status in preparation of surgery, as well as to the individual nutritional needs. If these needs are met complications are less likely developing. Nutritional resources provide for rapid recovery. Proper nutrition can speed healing in surgical patients with major trauma, severe malnutrition, burns and other severe illnesses. New techniques for tube feeding, intravenous nutrition for patients with serious weight loss due to gastrointestinal disorders and use of supplements can hasten wound healing and shorten recovery times. "

"We analyze the role of both permanent and temporary factors in affecting the Indonesian current account and real exchange dynamics before and after 2000. Adopting Lee and Chinn (1998; 2006) approach as well as Chinn et al. (2007), two results stand out. First, we confirm that the behavior of the real exchange rate has altered since 2000. Identifications show that permanent shocks are the primary causes for the movement of the real exchange rate after 2000, while in the period before 2000, the Indonesian real exchange rate changes are characterized by greater dominance of temporary shocks. The apparent change in the real exchange rate behavior may be strongly justified by the implementation of free-floating exchange rate system since August 1997. Second, the shift of the real exchange rate behavior after 2000 does not necessarily affect the current account dynamics. Empirical evidence confirms that the variance of current account post 2000 remains largely due to temporary shocks. Albeit having increasing influence, permanent shocks have insignificant effect in explaining fluctuations of the current account. In this sense, the current account surplus after 2000 is attributed largely to nominal variables such as price increase, while the impact of productivity improvement is still limited.Keywords: Current Account; Real Exchange Rate; Asian Crises 1997/1998AbstrakKami menganalisa peranan faktor permanen dan temporer dalam memengaruhi neraca berjalan dan dinamika nilai tukar mata uang riil Indonesia sebelum dan setelah tahun 2000. Mengadopsi pendekatan Lee dan Chinn (1998; 2006) serta Chinn et al. (2007), telah diperoleh dua kesimpulan. Pertama, kami mengonfirmasi bahwa pola nilai tukar mata uang riil telah berubah sejak tahun 2000. Identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa shock permanen adalah penyebab utama pergerakan nilai tukar mata uang riil setelah tahun 2000, sedangkan di periode sebelum tahun 2000 perubahan nilai tukar mata uang riil dicirikan oleh dominansi shock temporer. Perubahan pola nilai tukar mata uang tersebut dapat berakar dari penerapan sistem nilai tukar mengambang bebas sejak Agustus 1997. Kedua, perubahan pola nilai tukar mata uang setelah tahun 2000 tidak serta merta memengaruhi dinamika neraca berjalan. Bukti empiris mengonfirmasi bahwa variansi neraca berjalan setelah tahun 2000 tetap disebabkan utamanya oleh shock temporer. Meskipun menunjukkan peningkatan pengaruh, shock permanen memiliki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan dalam menjelaskan fluktuasi neraca berjalan. Atau dalam kata lain, surplus neraca berjalan setelah tahun 2000 dapat diatribusikan kepada variabel nominal seperti kenaikan harga, sedangkan pengaruh peningkatan produktivitas masih cenderung terbatas."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini meneliti tentang pengaruh pajak, khususnya sistem pajak, dalam menentukan masuknya investasi asing (FDI) di negara-negara di dunia dari tahun 2010-2017. Dalam tesis ini, sistem pajak merupakan gambaran atas tingkat kemudahan pembayaran pajak dan kompleksitas peraturan pajak di satu negara. Dengan melakukan pengklasifikasian negara-negara berdasarkan tingkat pendapatannya, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sistem pajak merupakan faktor penting bagi investor asing sebelum melakukan investasi di negara-negara miskin dan berkembang. Untuk negara-negara kaya, penurunan tarif pajak merupakan faktor yang lebih dominan. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya reformasi institutional di negara-negara miskin dan berkembang dalam mengundang masuknya investasi asing.

---

ABSTRACT

---

This thesis examines the impact of the tax system in determining FDI inflows in countries around the world from 2010 to 2017. We group the countries into two groups, based on income levels. Our findings suggest that the tax system, which reflects the easiness of tax payment, and the commitment to all tax regulations, plays a significant role in determining FDI inflows in low & middle-income countries. In high-income countries, it is the corporate tax cut that plays the role. The result implies that improved institutional performance in low & middle-income countries is an essential factor to induce FDI inflows."

"[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan pertumbuhan kredit bank umum konvensional di Indonesia baik dari sisi permintaan maupun penawaran. Bank umum kemudian dikelompokkan berdasarkan modal sesuai dengan ketentuan Bank Indonesia (BI). Pertumbuhan kredit bank umum dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal perbankan, kebijakan, dan eskternal. Penggunaan dummy variable berfungsi untuk melihat perbedaan dampak pengelompokkan modal terhadap pertumbuhan kredit bank. Hasilnya menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kelompok bank berdasarkan modal sesuai dengan ketentuan BI. Selain itu, pengaruh kebijakan moneter dalam memengaruhi pertumbuhan kredit di Indonesia bersifat ambigu, terutama pada bank dengan modal kecil., This study aims to analyse the determinants of commercial banks credit growth in Indonesia both on demand and supply side. Commercial banks are then classified based on their capital size in accordance of the provisions of Bank Indonesia (BI). Commercial banks credit growth is largely driven by internal factor of banks, policy factor and external factor. Dummy Variable is used to see the different effects of classification of capital towards banks credit growth. The results show that there is no significant difference in BI classification. Furthermore, the influence of monetary policy on determining banks credit growth is ambigious, particularly in low-capital banks.]"