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"Herbal medicines in general are safer than modern drug. This matter is caused by the less side effect of herbal medicines than modern drug. Side effects of herbal medicines can be reduced with the used of right materials, accurat dose, accurat usage time, accurat way of usage, accurat analyze information, and without abusing of herbal medicines itself. Accuracy of materials determine the effect of herbal medicines. Dose measuring in set of gram can lessen possibility the happening of effect which do not be expected. Information which is not supported by adequate basic knowledges and enough study can make traditional drug return to endangering."

"Pemakaian obat herbal dimasyarakat diiringi dengan berkembangnya industri obat tradisional. Khusus untuk Industri Kecil Obat Tradisional (IKOT) setiap tahun pertumbuhannya semakin meningkat. IKOT turut berkontribusi sebesar 20% dari omset nasional produk herbal. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh IKOT adalah ketersediaan bahan baku dan kualitas produksi yang belum terstandar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketersediaan bahan baku untuk produk IKOT dan kontribusi dari kualitas produk IKOT terhadap pemakaian produk herbal masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey dan wawancara kepada 4 IKOT di kota Depok dan responden yang menggunakan produk herbal sebanyak 84 orang. Berdasarkan analisa hasil penelitian diperoleh Y = 0,549 X atau pemakaian produk = 0,549 kualitas produk. Artinya apabila kualitas produk ditingkatkan satu kali maka pemakaian produk akan meningkat 1/0,549 atau sekitar dua kali. Kualitas produk berkaitan secara bermakna dengan kualitas bahan baku herbal. Kontinuitas produksi di IKOT tergantung pada bahan baku yang berasal dari bukan hasil budidaya. Kemitraan dengan petani penyedia bahan baku melalui pola penanaman sistem Good Agriculture Practice (GAP). Pembinaan petani diarahkan pada cara budidaya, pengelolaan panen dan pasca panen serta cara penyimpanan bahan baku yang sesuai dengan Cara Pembuatan Obat Tradisional yang Baik (CPOTB). Kerjasama dengan pihak perguruan tinggi dalam hal pengujian bahan baku herbal harus dilakukan oleh IKOT agar kualitas bahan terstandar.

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The use of herbs remedies in industrial growth accompanied by traditional medicine. Specifically for Small traditional medicine Industry (IKOT) increasing its growth each year. IKOT contribute 20% of the national turnover of herbs products. The main problems faced by IKOT is the availability of raw materials and production quality that has not been standardized. This research aims to analyze the availability of raw materials for the product and IKOT contributions from IKOT product quality to the use of herbs products community. The method used was a survey and interviews to 4 IKOT in Depok and respondents who use herbs products as much as 84 people. Based on an analysis of the research results obtained Y = 0.549 X or product usage = 0.549 product quality. It means that, when the quality of products improved once and then use the product to rise 1/0.549 or about twice. The quality of the product concerned significantly to the quality of raw herbs. Continuity of production at IKOT depending on the raw material comes from is not the result of cultivation. Partnership with farmers providing raw materials through a system of planting pattern of Good Agriculture Practice (GAP). The construction of the farmers directed at how the cultivation, harvest and post harvest management and storage of the raw materials according to the way of making a good traditional medicine (CPOTB). Cooperation with the College in terms of raw herbs material testing must be carried out by the quality of the ingredients, standardized so that the IKOT."

"Latar Belakang: Penggunaan jangka panjang steroid sebagai kontrol inflamasi pada uveitis non-infeksi dan idiopatik dapat menyebabkan efek samping, dan hal tersebut memicu kebutuhan untuk agen imunomodulator lainnya. Penggunaan herbal dan obat tradisional saat ini sedang meningkat. Beberapa herbal memiliki efek imunomodulator dan diduga memiliki peran dalam uveitis. Akan tetapi, bukti penggunaan herbal pada uveitis belum diketahui secara pasti.Tujuan: Untuk meninjau bukti-bukti ilmiah mengenai efikasi, keamanan, dan mekanisme penggunaan herbal pada uveitis dan model uveitis.Metode: Tinjauan sistematis berdasarkan panduan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis. Kata kunci uveitis dan herbal serta sinonim terkait digunakan pada database PubMed, CENTRAL, dan ScienceDirect. Penelitian herbal sebagai terapi ajuvan uveitis pada manusia dan penelitian herbal pada model uveitis dipilih. Penelitian kemudian ditelaah dan dinilai validitasnya.Hasil: Dua uji klinis, satu laporan kasus, dan 32 penelitian hewan mengenai penggunaan herbal pada uveitis ditelaah secara kualitatif. Intervensi ekstrak Echinacea purpurae (pada uveitis anterior) dan kurkuma menghasilkan proporsi kasus inaktif yang tinggi: 85.70% dan 81.48%. Durasi bebas steroid pada kelompok ajuvan Echinacea lebih lama secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok steroid saja (p<0.05). Intervensi herbal pada model uveitis mencakup 8 preparat herbal, 14 ekstrak herbal, dan 18 komponen herbal. Flare akuos dan skor klinis menurun secara signifikan. Penelitian yang didapat menunjukkan tak adanya efek samping atau kematian.Kesimpulan: Echinacea dan kurkuma menunjukkan potensi yang baik, sementara Gardeniae fructus, Scutellariae radix, Berberis aristata, dan Yanyankang potensial untuk dilanjutkan menjadi penelitian klinis. Penelitian dengan level of evidence yang lebih tinggi dan risiko bias yang lebih rendah masih dibutuhkan. Data keamanan masih minimal. Mekanisme yang didapat dapat menjadi landasan untuk penelitian lanjutan.

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Background: In non-infectious and idiopathic uveitis, long-term corticosteroid use can lead to undesirable side effects, and it warrants the need for other immunomodulatory agents. Use of herbal or traditional medicine is currently on rise. Some herbs displayed immunomodulatory features and are expected to have a role in managing uveitis. However, herbal roles in uveitis have not been established yet.

Objective: To review the human and animal evidence of herbal efficacy, safety, and mechanisms in uveitis.

Method: A systematic review was performed using standardised Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guideline. Uveitis and herbal-related keywords were entered in PubMed, CENTRAL, and ScienceDirect databases to obtain evidences regarding herbal therapy in clinical (as adjuvant) and pre-clinical trials. The selected studies were reviewed, extracted, and assessed for their validities.

Result: Two clinical trials, one case report, and thirty-two animal studies were qualitatively reviewed. Echinacea purpurae extract (in anterior uveitis) and curcuma displayed high efficacy in inactive case proportion: 85.70% and 81.48%, respectively. Steroid-free duration in Echinacea adjuvant group was significantly longer than steroid group (p<0.05). Herbal intervention in experimental model consisted of eight herbal preparation, fourteen herbal extracts, and eighteen herbal components, with decreased aqueous flare measurement and clinical scoring, and no mortality. Review on animal models proposed an involvement of both innate and adaptive immunity in herbs mechanisms.

Conclusion: Echinacea and curcumin showed good potencies, while Gardeniae fructus, Scutellariae radix, Berberis aristata, and Yanyankang were potential to be continued as clinical trial. Studies with higher level of evidence and lower risk of bias are still needed. There were still lack of safety data. The proposed mechanisms were a good foundation to design further research."