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"A method by high performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of acrylamide in potato chips, is reported. The retention time for the elution of acrylamide from the C18RP column ranged from 3 to 3,2 minutes, and the eluate was analyzed by UV-VIS detector. A linear response was found for the acrylamide standard tested within the concentration range of 0,8 ? 10ìg/ml and the corelation coefficient (r) greater than 0,999, with detection limit 0,06 ppm and quantitative limit 0,19 ppm. Sample preparation was performed by means of solvent extraction using dichlormethane and subsequent re-extraction of the organic solvent with water. This aqueous sample solution was found to be free of any interferences and gave acrylamide and recorveries higher than 90%."

"A method by high performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of acrylamide in potato chips, is reported. The retention time for the elution of acrylamide from the C18 columm ranged from 3 to 3.2 minutes and the eluate was analyzed by UV-VIS detector. A linear response was found for the acrylamide standard tested within the concentration range of 0.8-10 g/ml and the corelation coefficient (r0 greater that 0.999 with detection limit 0.06 ppm and quantitatice limit 0.19 ppm. Sample preparation was performed by measn of solvent extraction using dichlormethane and subsequent re-extraction of the organic solvent with water. This aqueous sample solution was found to be free of any interferences and gave acrylamide and recorveries higher than 90%."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan optimasi dan validasi metode analisa yang sederhana tetapi sensitif secara LCMSMS untuk menetapkan kadar akrilamid dalam keripik kentang agar dapat dilakukan pengujian dan pengawasan akrilamid dalam keripik kentang yang beredar di pasaran.Pada penelitian ini pengembangan metode dilakukan dengan cara penggunaan ekstraksi fase padat (SPE), ektraksi berulang menggunakan pelarut asa formiat 10 mM dan presipitasi suhu rendah dengan sentrifugasi untuk menghilangkan pengaruh matriks pada analit. Penggunaan kolom fase terbalik C-18 yang sedikit lebih polar dilakukan untuk memperoleh pemisahan akrilamid yang lebih baik. Kromatografi cair yang digunakan menggunakan sistem gradien dengan fase gerak asam formiat 10 mM dan metanol sehingga diperoleh selektifitas yang lebih baik. Parameter unjuk kerja presisi, akurasi dan perolehan kembali dilakukan untuk meyakinkan metode analisis ini dapat digunakan sebagai metode yang telah divalidasi untuk penggunaan secara rutin dalam laboratorium makanan. Akrilamid diretensi pada 5,4 menit dengan batas deteksi yang diperoleh yaitu 7,09 ng/g dan rentang perolehan kembali sebesar 97,45 – 100,25%. Simpangan baku relatif sebesar 1,6% untuk keberulangan. Hasil yang baik ini menunjukkan bahwa metode dapat digunakan sebagai metode analisis rutin untuk pengujian dalam laboratorium.

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ABSTRACTOptimization and validation of analytical methods in the determination of acrylamide levels of potato chips by LCMSMS as a simple and sensitive method was carried out in order to do the testing and monitoring of acrylamide in potato chips on the market in Indonesia.In this research, method development was done by the use of solid phase extraction (SPE), repeated extraction using 10 mM formic acid solution and precipitation low temperature by centrifugation. The use of C-18 reversed-phase columns were slightly more polar performed to obtain a better separation of acrylamide. Eluent system of liquid chromatography using a time programme gradient in order to obtain a better selectivity. The mobile phase was a mixture of 10 mM formic acid and metanol. The performance parameters of precision, accuracy and recovery were conducted to assure the analytical method applicable in house validation method. The retention time for acrylamide was 5,4 minute; limit of detection was 7.09 ng/g; recoveries ranged from 97.45 to 100.25%; coefficients of variation was 1.6% for repeatability test. The good results showed that the method has been successfully set up to serve as a routinely analytical methods for testing in the laboratory."

"Acrylamide is a chemical substance which derived from acrylonitrile, is the material used in polyacrylamide production. Recent research has found acrylamide is contained in some food, especially food is rich in carbohydrate and treated in high temperature (more than 120°C). Due to its nature, acrylamide is classified as a hazardous material to be contained in human?s food. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified acrylamide into group 2A (probably carcinogenic for humans). Many methods that used to analyse the acrylamide in some foods with sophisticated equipment, and in department of pharmacy FMIPA-UI there were also develop the method with simple extraction and conventional HPLC."

"Akrilamida merupakan monomer hasil depolimerisasi poliakrilamida akibat adanya pengaruh suhu, cahaya dan pH. Akrilamida juga dapat ditemukan pada produk pangan dengan pengolahan suhu tinggi. Akrilamida dapat menginduksi terbentuknya Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) seperti radikal hidroksil. Radikal hidroksil dapat berinteraksi dengan basa guanin membentuk DNA adduct 8-hidroksi 2'-deoksiguanin (8-OHdG). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembentukan 8-OHdG akibat paparan akrilamida yang berinteraksi dengan logam Cu (I). Penelitian ini dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Studi dilakukan secara in vitro melalui reaksi Fenton antara 2'- deoksiguanosin (2dG) dengan akrilamida dan Cu (I). Reaksi dilakukan pada suhu 37 °C, variasi pH 7,4 dan 8,4, serta variasi waktu inkubasi 4, 8, 12 dan 24 jam. Studi in vivo dilakukan pada tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) galur Sprague-Dawley yang diberikan paparan akrilamida serta kombinasi akrilamida dan Cu (I) dengan dosis yang berbeda selama 21 hari. Hasil studi in vitro dianalisis menggunakan LC-MS/MS QTOF dan plasma darah hasil studi in vivo dianalisis menggunakan ELISA. Inkubasi pada pH 7,4, suhu 37 °C dan waktu inkubasi 24 jam memberikan konsentrasi 8-OHdG tertinggi sebesar 19,09 ng/mL. Konsentrasi tertinggi 8-OHdG dalam plasma darah terdapat pada kelompok paparan akrilamida 25 mg/kg BB dan Cu (I) 10 mg/kg BB sebesar 1,31 ng/mL. Berdasarkan hasil studi in vitro dan in vivo yang telah dilakukan, hal ini menunjukkan terdapat sinergisitas antara akrilamida dan Cu (I) dalam pembentukan 8-OHdG.

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Acrylamide is a monomer as depolymerization results caused by the effect of temperature, light and pH. Acrylamide can be found on food products processed with high temperature. Acrylamide can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), e.g. hydroxyl radical. Hydroxyl radical can interact with guanine to form DNA Adduct 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The aim of this study is to investigate the formation of 8-OHdG due to co-exposure of acrylamide and copper (I). The study was carried out in vitro through the Fenton reaction and in vivo. In vitro study was undergone through Fenton reaction between 2'-deoxyguanosine and acrylamide at temperature 37 °C, various of pH 7,4 and 8,4, and time of incubation 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. While in vivo study was carried out by administering orally of acrylamide single dose and combination of acrylamide and copper (I) to male rats (Rattus norvegicus) strain Sprague-Dawley for 21 days exposure. The results of in vitro study were analyzed by LC-MS/MS QTOF and plasma resulted from in vivo study were analyzed by ELISA to determine the concentration of 8-OHdG. Incubation on pH 7,4, 37 °C and time of incubation 24 hours gave highest concentration of 8-OHdG. Meanwhile the highest concentration of 8-OHdG in plasma found in group with the exposure of acrylamide 25 mg/kg BW and copper (I) 10 mg/kg BW. According to the results from in vitro and in vivo studies, it was shown that both acrylamide and copper (I) gave synergistic effect towards the formation of 8-OHdG."

"In order to find an alternative method for the physical properties improvement of rayon sheet, a chemically graft copolymerization of acrylamide to rayon sheet by using cerric ammonium nitrate as an initiator under nitrogen atmosphere had been, successfully, carried out. Several circumstances that influence the degree of grafting and physical properties of rayon sheet were studied at various concentration of initiator, concentration of monomer (acrylamide), period of pre-initiation time, temperature and time of grafting process. The occurrence of acrylamide grafted to rayon sheet was evaluated by measuring the increase in weight of the treated rayon sheet and by the appearance of specific IR spectrum. Moreover, mechanical and physical property e.g. tensile strength unit, rigidity unit, and color absorption of the original rayon and grafted rayon were also evaluated.The results from the mentioned study, briefly, can be reported as follow. In general, the degree of grafting (%grafting) increases with the increasing or initiator concentration, monomer concentration, temperature and time period of grafting process. Coincidentally, in all cases the value of rigidity unit and the ability to absorb particular dyes increase in line with the increasing in the degree of grafting. The tensile strength unit of the grafted rayon, however, does not show the similar trend. It was observed that the tensile strength unit showed an improvement only up to certain value of the degree of grafting, then become worst on farther increasing in the degree of grafting.The degree of grafting that result the best tensile strength unit (optimum) was found to be in the values in of 11 to 12 % . The experimental condition that results the mentioned degree of grafting can be achieved by combination of initiator concentration, acrylamide concentration, pre-initiation time, grafting process time, and grafting temperature at 0.5 %; 4%; 5minutes; 35 minutes; and 60° C, respectively. The occurrence of grafted acrylamide to rayon sheet was also evidenced by appearing IR signal at 1684 cm 1 (for the indication of the introduction of carbonyl group). Although not very clear, due to absorption band overlapping from hydroxyl group, the IR signal at 3362 cm-1 and 3373 cm " (for the indication of amide group introduction) provide another evidence for the successful of grafting process.

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Pencangkokan akrilamida pada kain rayon secara kimiawi dengan menggunakan inisiator ceric ammonium nitrat didalam atmosfir nitrogen, sebagai upaya alternalif untuk memperbaiki sifat-sifat fisik rayon, telah berhasil dilakukan. Pengaruh beberapa faktor terhadap-besarnya kadar pencangkokan dan sifat-sifat fisik rayon dipelajari dengan memvariasikan, antara lain, konsentrasi inisiator, konsentrasi monomer, waktu pra inisiasi, temperatur dan waktu pencangkokan. Keberhasilan terjadinya pencangkokan akrilamida pada kain rayon ditandai atau diarnati dengan kenaikan berat rayon (persen pencangkokan) dan perubahan spesifik spektrum infra merahnya. Terhadap rayon asli dan rayon tercangkok dilakukan beberapa evaluasi sifat fisik yang meliputi uji kekuatan tarik, uji kekakuan, dan daya scrap terhadap zat warna.Dari penelitian yang lelah dilakukan dapat dilaporkan bahwa harga persen pencangkokan semakin besar dengan semakin tingginya konsentrasi inisiator, konsentrasi monomer, temperatur dan waktu pencangkokan. Sementara itu dari uji sifat fisik ditemukan bahwa dengan semakin besarnya harga persen pencangkokan maka daya serap terhadap zat warna dan kekakuannya semakin besar. Namun tidak demikian dengan kekuatan dari kain rayon yang tercangkok. Ditemukan bahwa kekuatan tarik kain rayon naik sejalan dengan besarnya persen pencangkokan hanya sampai pada harga persen pencangkokan tertentu, kemudian turun lagi meskipun harga persen pencangkokannya bertambah hesar.Besarnya persen pencangkokan tertentu tersebut, yang memberikan kekuatan tarik paling besar (optimum), dicapai pada persen pencangkokan sebesar 11 sampai dengan 12 %. Sedangkan kondisi-kondisi untuk memperoleh persen pencangkokan tersebut dapat dicapai dengan konsentrasi irisiator, konsentrasi monomer , waktu pra inisiasi, waktu pencangkokan, dan suhu pencangkokan masing masing sebesar 0,5 %, 4 %, 5 rnenit, 35 menit dan 60° C. Disamping itu dapat dilaporkan bahv,ra keberhasilan pencangkokan akrilamida pads kain rayon ditandai dengan munculnya puncak serapan 1R pada bilangan gelombang 1684 cm-' sebagai indikasi terintroduksikannya gugus karbonit [C=D] dan, meskipun tidak terlalu nyata karena adanya tumpang suh dengan pity serapan gugus hidroksi, kecenderungan adanya puncak serapan pada bilangan geloinbang 3362 cm"' dan 3373 cm-' sebagai indikasi terintroduksinya gugus amida pada kain rayon."

"ABSTRAKAkrilamida merupakan senyawa yang bersifat toksik dan karsinogen yang biasa ditemukan pada makanan yang diolah pada suhu tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, diproduksi antibodi poliklonal anti akrilamida. Hapten N-acryloxusuccinimide (NAS) disintesis dari asam akrilat dan N-hydroxusuccinimide (NHS) dengan linker yang digunakan yaitu N-ethyl-N’-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). Hapten yang telah disintesis dikonjugasikan dengan protein pembawa yaitu bovine serum albumin (BSA) kemudian diinjeksikan pada kelinci untuk diperoleh antibodi. Antibodi yang diperoleh kemudian digunakan untuk biosensor akrilamida. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) digunakan sebagai label antibodi. Hidrogen peroksida (H2O2) digunakan sebagai monitor aktivitas HRP, aktivitas HRP ini sebanding dengan jumlah antibodi dan akrilamida. Pengukuran dilakukan secara elektrokimia menggunakan elektroda boron-doped diamond (BDD) terdeposit Platina (Pt). Hasil sintesis NAS dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan spektroskopi UV-Visible untuk mengetahui reaktivitasnya pada panjang gelombang maksimum (260nm) yang menunjukkan bahwa NAS reaktif terhadap gugus amina dan dapat digunakan untuk biokonjugasi, FTIR dan kromatografi lapis tipis. Berdasarkan hapten yang disintesis, antibodi poliklonal anti akrilamida dapat diperoleh dan digunakan sebagai sensor untuk akrilamida dengan menggunakan metode voltammetri siklik

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ABSTRACTAcrylamide is a toxic and carcinogenic compound, which is commonly found in foods that prepared by using high temperature process. In this study, antibody of acrylamide was prepared. Hapten of acrylamide was prepared by synthesizing N-acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) from acrylic acid and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in the presence of N-ethyl-N’-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). The hapten was conjugated with bovine serum albumin as a carrier protein and injected into rabbits to obtain antibodies. The antibodies were then applied for acrylamide biosensors. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used as the label for the antibodies. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used to monitor the activity of HRP, which is equivalent to the amount of the antibodies and acrylamide. Electrochemical technique was used with platinum-modified boron-doped diamond electrode (Pt-BDD) as the working electrode. The result of synthesis NAS was analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy to determine reactivity at maximum wavelength of 260nm showed that NAS reactive to amino then bioconjugation. Thin layer chromatography and FTIR were also used to confirm the product. Based on highest cross reactivity, antibody acrylamide can be successfully produced and it is promising to be applied for acrylamide sensor based on electrochemical technique using cyclic voltammetry;;"

"Akrilamida diketahui dapat menyebabkan kanker pada sekitar 2 % kasus tiap tahun (di Swedia), ditemukan pada makanan yang diproses menggunakan suhu tinggi (di atas 120oC). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis akrilamida dalam kopi instant secara kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Kondisi analisis menggunakan kolom C18 dengan detektor UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 210 nm, fase gerak 3,5 mM asam fosfat 85% dalam asetonitril-air (5:95), laju alir 0,5 ml/menit. Waktu retensi yang dibutuhkan akrilamida 6,7 menit. Sampel diekstraksi menggunakan diklorometana dan etanol dengan perbandingan 1:20, kemudian ditarik kembali menggunakan air. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan presisi <2% dan akurasi antara 80- 110%. Kurva kalibrasi dilakukan pada rentang 0,0250-0,4000 μg/ml menghasilkan linieritas 0,999956 dengan batas deteksi 0,0047 μg/ml; dan batas kuantitasi 0,0155 μg/ml. Kadar akrilamida dari 3 sampel kopi instant, dua diantaranya mengandung akrilamida dengan kadar masing-masing sebesar 6,5570 ng/g dan 2,3628 ng/g.

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Acrylamide is known to be the caused of cancer about 2% cases per year (in Sweden), found in food processed using the high temperature (above 120oC). In this experiment, acrylamide analysis was conducted in instant coffee using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The analysis condition was performed by using C18 column with UV-Vis detector at the wavelength of 210 nm, the mobile phase was 3.5 mM phosphoric acid 85% in acetonitrile-water (5:95) with flow rate of 0,5 ml/minute. The retention time of acrylamide was 6.7 minutes. Sample was extracted with dichloromethane and ethanol, and re-extracted with water. This experiment showed lower than 2% precision and accuracy between 80-110%. Calibration curve was performed in the range of 0.025-0.4000 μg/ml, resulting good linearity 0.999956, limit of detection 0.0047 μg/ml; and limit of quantitation 0.0155 μg/ml. Two out of three samples of instant coffee, contained 6.5570 ng/g and 2.3628 ng/g level of acrylamide."

"Akrilamida merupakan senyawa kimia turunan akrilonitril yang banyak digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan poliakrilamida. Berdasari(an sifat-sifatnya, akrilamida digolongkan sebagai zat yang berbahaya jika terkandung dalam makanan. Beberapa penelitian terbaru menemukan adanya kandungan akrilamida dalam makanan yang kaya akan karbohidrat yang diproses pada suhu tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meneliti adanya kandungan akrilamida dalam popcorn menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Campuran air-asetonitril (95:5), pH 2,5 (3,5 mM asam fosfat 85%) digunakan sebagai fase gerak dengan laju alir 0,5 mVmenit dan panjang gelombang 210 nm. Waktu retensi yang dibutuhkan untuk akrilamida adalah 5,6 menit. Hasil uji perolehan kembali akrilamida dalam popcorn berkisar 92,94 % - 97,22 %. Sampel kemudian diekstraksi menggunakan diklormetan dan ditarik kernbali dari pelarut dengan menggunakan fase gerak. Sampel yang dianalisa pada penelitian ini dibatasi pada daerah Depok. Dari enam sampel yang dianalisa, dua sampel mengandung akrilamida sebanyak 0,12585 ppm (0,15715 ± 0,0024 J.IQ!g) dan 0,16856 ppm (0,2096 ± 0,0046 J.IQ!g)."