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"The Handbook of multicultural mental health, discusses the impact of cultural, ethnic, and racial variables for the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, service delivery, and development of skills for working with culturally diverse populations. Intended for the mental health practitioner, the book translates research findings into information to be applied in practice.The new edition contains more than 50% new material and includes contributions from established leaders in the field as well as voices from rising stars in the area. It recognizes diversity as extending beyond race and ethnicity to reflect characteristics or experiences related to gender, age, religion, disability, and socioeconomic status. Individuals are viewed as complex and shaped by different intersections and saliencies of multiple elements of diversity.Chapters have been wholly revised and updated, and new coverage includes indigenous approaches to assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental and physical disorders, spirituality, the therapeutic needs of culturally diverse clients with intellectual, developmental, and physical disabilities, suicide among racial and ethnic groups, multicultural considerations for treatment of military personnel and multicultural curriculum and training."

"ABSTRAKKualitas hidup dari Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus ABK dipengaruhi oleh kemampuannya dalam bersosialisasi dengan lingkungan sekitar, khususnya dengan teman sebayanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran pengalaman teman sebaya berinteraksi dengan ABK yang menjalani pendidikan di sekolah inklusi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif fenomenologi melalui teknik wawancara mendalam secara semi terstruktur terhadap delapan partisipan yang berusia 10-13 tahun dari sekolah inklusi di kota Depok. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi enam tema, yaitu dia berbeda, kekesalan terhadap ABK, misalnya aku jadi mereka, seru main sama dia, perlakuan guru pada ABK, dan ragam respon orangtua ABK. Kekesalan dan perasaan empati terhadap ABK menjadi pengalaman yang dominan dirasakan teman sebaya saat berinteraksi dengan ABK tergantung dari sikap dan perilaku yang ditunjukkan ABK. Selanjutnya, diharapkan adanya peran kolaboratif semua pihak, baik perawat maupun warga sekolah untuk menunjang keberlanjutan interaksi yang positif antar ABK dengan teman sebaya. Kata kunci: Anak berkebutuhan khusus, berinteraksi, sekolah inklusi, teman sebaya.

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ABSTRACTThe quality of life of the Children with Special Needs CWSN is influenced by his ability to socialize, especially with their peers. The purpose of this study is to obtain an overview of peer experiences interacting with the CWSN in inclusive schools. This research used qualitative descriptive phenomenology method through semi structured in depth interview technique for eight participants age 10 13 years old from inclusive school. The results identified six themes including he she is different, resentment to the CWSN, if I were them, excited to play with him, teacher treatment to CWSN, and various responses of CWSN parents. Feeling of annoyance and empathy towards to the CWSN becomes the most experience felt by peers when interacting with the CWSN depending on their attitudes and behaviors. Furthermore, the collaborative role of all parties is needed, both nurse and school residents to support the sustainability of positive interactions between the CWSN with peers. Keywords Children with special needs, inclusive school, interaction, peers"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Remaja yang ditinggal orangtuanya lebih rentan mengalami loneliness, karena ketidakhadiran sosok attachment utama dalam masa perkembangannya. Beberapa penelitian menemukan bahwa loneliness memiliki kaitan yang sangat erat dengan hubungan interpersonal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu apakah Group Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT-G) dapat menurunkan loneliness pada remaja anak buruh migran yang ditinggal orangtuanya. Psikoterapi ini berfokus untuk membantu meningkatkan keterampilan interpersonal dan komunikasi para partisipan, sebagai cara untuk mengurangi loneliness.Metode: Sebanyak delapan remaja anak buruh migran di wilayah Cilamaya Kulon, Karawang, yang berusia 13 hingga 15 tahun turut berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Intervensi IPT-G terdiri atas satu sesi individual dan enam sesi kelompok. Instrumen pengukuran yang digunakan adalah De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale dan Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. Pengukuran dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali, yaitu pada saat pre-test, post-test, dan follow-up test. Penilaian kualitatif dari observasi dan wawancara juga dianalisis untuk mengetahui gambaran perubahan loneliness para partisipan di tiap sesi.Hasil: Secara umum, skor individual dan skor rata-rata loneliness dan social anxiety para peserta mengalami penurunan secara berkala dari pre-test ke post-test dan follow-up test. Dari hasil observasi dan wawancara, peserta menunjukkan penurunan gejala loneliness dari sesi ke sesi. Mereka juga mempelajari dan dapat mempraktikkan solusi-solusi IPT dalam kehidupannya, seperti berkomunikasi secara terbuka dan mengubah ekspektasi menjadi lebih realistis.Kesimpulan: IPT-G merupakan intervensi yang sederhana dan berguna untuk menurunkan loneliness pada remaja anak buruh migran yang ditinggal orangtuanya.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Left-behind early adolescents have been known to be significantly loneliner than their counterparts due to absence of parents during their course of development. Furthermore, recent studies also found that loneliness was strongly correlated with interpersonal relationship. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of Group Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT-G) to reduce loneliness among left-behind early adolescents. This psychotherapy focused on enhancing interpersonal and communication skill among the participants as tools to reduce loneliness.Method: A total of eight left-behind early adolescents of migrant workers aged 13 to 15 in Cilamaya Kulon, Karawang, was participated in this study. IPT-G consisted of one individual session and six group sessions. The assesment tools used in this program are De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. The measurement was done three times: on pre-test, post-test, and one month follow up test. Qualitative measurements obtained from interview and observation during the program were also analysed to depict the change of loneliness condition among participants from session to session.Result: Overall individual and mean score of loneliness and social anxiety among participants were progressively declining from pre-test to post-test and follow-up test. Based on observation and interview, all participants showed reduced symptoms of loneliness from session to session. They also learned and were able to implement IPT solutions, such as open communication and formulate more realistic expectation.Conclusion: IPT-G is a simple yet useful intervention to reduce loneliness among left-behind early adolescents of migrant workers."

"TujuanUntuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian suplemen antioksidan vitamin C dan E terhadap perbaikan sensitivitas kontras pada anak-anak penderita defisiensi vitamin A.Subyek dan MetodePenelitian uji klinis tersamar ganda pada anak usia 7-10 tahun di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Subyek dengan kadar serum vitamin A rendah ( 0,35-0,70pmolll ) dan fungsi sensitivitas kontras abnormal ( <1,75 log unit ) diikutkan dalam penelitian ini. Pemberian suplemen vitamin dibagi atas dua kelompok, yaitu vitamin A 200.000 IU dan plasebo serta kelompok vitamin A 200,000 IU, vit.C 250mg dan vit.E 200 IU pada hari 1,2,14. Evaluasi kadar serum vitamin A dilakukan pada hari ke-21 dan sensitivitas kontras pad hari ke-8,9,14 dan 21.Hasil :Ditemukan sebanyak 48 (26,6%) anak dari 180 anak usia 7-10 tahun menderita defisiensi vitamin A dengan sensitivitas kontras abnormal. Peningkatan kadar serum vitamin A tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang berbeda bermakna pada kedua kelompok (p=0.84), tapi perbaikan fungsi sensitivitas kontras lebih cepat dan tinggi ditunjukkan oleh subyek kelompok suplemen vit.A, C dan E pada hari ke-8 dan 14.Kesimpulan :Pemberian suplemen antioksidan secara bermakna meningkatkan kinerja vitamin A dalam memperbaiki fungsi sensitivitas kontras pada anak-anak penderita defisiensi vitamin A.

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Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin A, C and E supplementations to the recovery of contrast sensitivity in children with vitamin A deficiency.

Material and methods

This research is double blind clinical study to 7-10 year old children in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. The subject are patients with low concentration of vitamin A serum ( 0,35-0,70µmoV1 ) and abnormal contrast sensitivity ( <1,75 log unit ). The vitamin supplementations were divided into two groups, e.g. vitamin A 200.000 IU with placebo and vitamin A 200.000 IU, vit.C 250mg and vit.E 200 IU, which were given on the 1S1 ,2nd and 14'h day . The vitamin A serum concentration was evaluated on the day 21st and evaluation of contrast sensitivity on 8u' , 9`h, 14th and 215` day.

Results

There were 48 (26,6% ) out of 180 7-10 year old children that suffered vitamin A deficiency with abnormal contrast sensitivity. There were no significant differenciess of vitamin A serum concentration between two groups (p=0,84), however there was faster and higher contrast sensitivity function recovery to the subject with vit.A,C and E supplementation on the 8th and 14'h day.

Conclusion

Multi vitamin (antioxidants ) supplementations was significantly improve the vitamin A function in recovering the contrast sensitivity on children with vitamin A deficiency."

"Penanganan masalah nyeri secara non-farmakologi dengan terapi musik belum digunakan secara optimal di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis dari berbagai sumber literatur mengenai manfaat terapi musik dan untuk membuat rekomendasi penelitian terkait standar operasional prosedur terapi musik terhadap penurunan nyeri setelah tindakan pembedahan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan artikel penelitian eksperimental terkait terapi musik pada anak usia 0-18 tahun. Desain penelitian ini yaitu dengan melakukan pencarian artikel menggunakan Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan 8 artikel yang dianalisis sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu 1) artikel jurnal dengan penelitian eksperimental terkait terapi musik untuk penanganan nyeri setelah pembedahan pada anak, 2) literatur berbahasa Inggris, dan 3) literatur yang dipublikasikan dalam periode 10 tahun terakhir. Kriteria eksklusi yaitu jika literatur yang diterbitkan dalam tidak lengkap hanya berupa abstrak. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa terapi musik efektif sebagai penatalaksanaan nyeri setelah tindakan pembedahan serta telah dibuat rekomendasi standar operasional prosedur terkait terapi musik pada anak. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat untuk perawat dalam penanganan nyeri secara non-farmakologi pada anak setelah pembedahan dengan penerapan terapi musik.

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Non-pharmacological therapy for pain with music has not been used optimally in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to analyze from various sources of literature on the benefits of music therapy and to make research recommendations related to the operational standard of music therapy procedures for pain after surgery. The method used in this study was literature review by collected experimental research related to music therapy in children aged 0-18 years. The design of this study was to collect article using the ProQuest, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Sage Journal databases. In this study, 2917 research articles were obtained with the keywords "children", "music therapy", "pain", "pediatrics", "post-surgery", "post-surgery". Then 8 articles were analyzed with inclusion criteria 1) articles with experimental research related to music therapy for reduce pain after surgery in children, 2) English-language literature, and 3) literature that can be used in the last 10 years. The exclusion criteria in this study is that if the literature published in the database is incomplete it only contains abstracts. Based on studies conducted, that music therapy is effective as pain management after surgery and standard operating procedure recommendation has been made for children in this study. The results is expected to be useful for nurses to application of music therapy for pain management after surgery."