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"Niosomes are non ionic surfactant vesicles that have potential application in the delivery of hydrophobic or amphilic drugs. We developed proniosomes, a dry formulation using a maltodextrin as a carrier coated with non ionic surfactant, which can be used to produce niosomes within a minutes by addition of hot waterfollowed by agitation. A novel method is reported here for rapid preparation of proniosomes with wide range of surfactant loading. Maltodextrin DE 5-10 was hidrolyzed from tapioca starch using Thermamyl L 120 da Novo at 85o C. The result from SEM analyses shown that proniosomes appear very similar to the maltodextrin, but the surface was more smooth. Niosome suspensions which was observed under the optical microscopy and particle size analyzer were evaluated asdrug carrier using ibuprofen as a model. The result provide an indication of maltodextrin DE 5-10 from tapioca starch are potentialy carrier in the proniosome preparation which can be used for producing niosomes. "

"Liposom merupakan suatu sistem pembawa obat berbentuk vesikel yang dapat mengenkapsulasi siprofloksasin HCl dan berpotensi untuk memgatasi infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Multidrug Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat liposom siprofloksasin HCl unilamellar yang steril dengan metode sterilisasi filtrasi. Metode hidrasi lapis tipis yang digunakan akan menghasilkan liposom Multilamellar Vesicle (MLV). Liposom MLV yang dihasilkan dilakukan pengecilan ukuran partikel secara ekstrusi melewati membran polikarbonat 0,45 μm sebanyak 1 siklus dan disterilisasi secara filtrasi dengan membran selulosa asetat 0,22 μm sebanyak 5 siklus untuk mendapatkan liposom unilamellar yang kecil. Suspensi liposom steril yang didapat kemudian dipisahkan secara sentrifugasi dandiuji sterilitasnya pada medium tioglikolat cair dan plat agar darah. Efisiensi penjerapan liposom menurun seiring dengan proses ekstrusi melewati membran 0,45 μm dan 0,22 μm dimana mengalami penurunan efisiensi penjerapan berturut-turut sebesar 71,46%, 33,94%, 30,37% pada liposom formula I dan liposom formula II sebesar 90,96%, 44,83%, 36,11%. Proses ekstrusi dengan membran 0,45 μm dan 0,22 μm dapat menghasilkan ukuran liposom yang kecil, namun belum dapat menyerupai ukuran pori membran. Selain itu, penambahan asam oleat cenderung meningkatkan ukuran diameter liposom. Liposom siprofloksasin HCl yang dihasilkan terbukti tidak steril setelah diujikan pada medium tioglikolat cair dan plat agar darah.

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Liposome is a vesicular drug delivery system that able to encapsulate ciprofloxacin HCl, and have potential to cure an infection that caused by Multi Drug Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. This study aimed to produce sterile and unilamellar ciprofloxacin HCl liposome usingfiltration sterilization method. Thin-film hydration method will be use to produce Multilamellar Liposome Vesicle (MLV). Later, the MLV liposome, will going through a particle size reduction using extrusion method through polycarbonate membrane (pore size 0.45 μm) for 1 cycle and being sterilized by filtration through cellulose acetate membrane (pore size 0.22 μm) for five cycles to get the small unilamellar liposome. The sterile liposome suspension is separated using centrifugation method and its sterilities will be test on medium thioglychollate fluid and blood agar plate. The entrapment efficiency of liposome decrease along the extrusion process through 0.45 μm and 0.22 μm membrane, of which the entrapment efficiency decreased respectively by 71.46%, 33.94%, 30.37% for formula I and 90.96%, 44.83%, 36.11% for formula II. The extrusion process through 0.45 μm and 0.22 μm membrane can produce the small size liposome, but still can not reach the average diameter of membrane pore size. Moreover, mostly the addition of oleic acid will increase the diameter size of liposome. Ciprofloxacin HCl liposome is proved to be unsterile according to the sterility test in fluid thioglycollate medium and blood agar plate."

"Various solubilization techniques have been developed to enhance the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. One of the solubilization techniques is preparation of microemulsion. Microemulsion is a potential carrier in drug delivery system because it has many advantageous characteristics. In this research, hydrophobic drug wasmade in a dosage form of oil in water (O/W) microemulsion using ketoprofen as a model and investigated the influence of adding starch hydrolisates with dextrose equivalent (DE) 35-40 in variety concentrations (0,0%; 1,5%; 2,0%; 2,5%) to the stabilityof this microemulsion system. This microemulsion consisted of isopropyl miritate as oil phase, tween 80 and lechitin as surfactants, ethanol as cosurfactant, propylene glycol as cosolvent, starch hydrolisates DE 35?40 as stabilizer, and water as externalphase. The evaluation was stability test both phisically and chemically. The result showed that the stability of microemulsion system increased significantly by adding starch hydrolisates DE 35-40 at 2,5%."