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"In Medan, the shop-house (ruko) buildings are generally not engineered-designed property andconstructed in bad supervision; hence it has big risk to dynamic loads like earthquake. The low frequencyand long duration of earthquake vibrations were felt frequently in Medan due to earthquakes in Sumatrasubduction zones. Moreover, some houses and hotels have been cracked caused the tremor from Niasearthquake in 2005. Therefore, a number of samples of fresh concrete, either ready-mix or mixedmanually, and the stick of steel reinforcement are taken from ruko construction site and tested in the tab.The results of the material compression and tensile testing are used as material properties of ruko model.The ruko model consists of 2, 3, and 4 stories and l, 2, and 3 bays. The inelastic analysis of reinforcedconcrete structures are then applied by using IDARC2D program and employed synthetic ground motionforces from Nias subduction earthquake scenarios. The result shows that mast of ruko buildingsexperiencing cracks extensively even some of them show a high damage level with very low performanceand beyond repair."

"Pada umumnya bangunan rumah toko (ruko) di Kota Medan tidak direncanakan secara baik dan dibangun dengan pengawasan yang buruk, sehingga beresiko besar terhadap beban dinamis gempa.Getaran gempa dari zona subduksi Sumatera yang mengandung frekwensi rendah dan berdurasi panjang dirasakan beberapa kali di Kota Medan. Beberapa rumah dan hotel mengalami retak non strukturalakibat getaran gempa Nias 2005. Untuk itu sejumlah contoh beton segar, baik itu beton segar ready-mix maupun beton segar campuran manual, beserta sejumlah potongan besi tulangan diambil di lokasipembangunan ruko dan diuji di laboratorium. Tegangan tekan dan tegangan tarik hasil pengujian digunakan sebagai properti bahan model-model ruko. Model-model ruko ini terdiri dari 2, 3 dan 4 lantaidengan 1, 2 dan 3 pintu (bentang). Kemudian analisa non elastik struktur beton bertulang dilakukan menggunakan alat bantu program IDARC2D menggunakan gaya getaran gempa sintetik dari skenarioterbruk gempa subduksi Nias. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa umumnya bangunan ruko ini mengalami banyak retak. Bahkan beberapa ruko menunjukkan kinerja yang sangat rendah dan tidak dapat diperbaiki akibat tingkat kehancuran yang tinggi.

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AbstractIn Medan, the shop-house (ruko) buildings are generally not ngineered-designed properly and constructed in bad supervision; hence it has big risk to dynamic loads like earthquake. The low frequency and long duration of earthquake vibrations were felt frequently in Medan due to earthquakes in Sumatra subduction zones. Moreover, some houses and hotels have been cracked caused the tremor from Nias earthquake in 2005. Therefore, a number of samples of fresh concrete, either ready-mix or mixed manually, and the stick of steel reinforcement are taken from ruko construction site and tested in the lab. The results of the material compression and tensile testing are used as material properties of ruko model. The ruko model consists of 2, 3, and 4 stories and 1, 2, and 3 bays. The inelastic analysis of reinforced concrete structures are then applied by using IDARC2D program and employed synthetic ground motion forces from Nias subduction earthquake scenarios. The result shows that most of ruko buildings experiencing cracks extensively, even some of them show a high damage level with very low performance and beyond repair."

"Fenomena childfree telah menimbulkan pro dan kontra dalam masyarakat karena dianggap bertentangan dengan institusi, wacana dan praktik moral di Indonesia. Sikap masyarakat yang buruk terhadap keputusan untuk tidak memiliki anak membuat individu childfree rentan mengalami kehancuran moral. Ini terjadi ketika beberapa peristiwa atau orang mengganggu kehidupan sehari-hari seseorang dan memaksa mereka untuk secara sadar merenungkan tanggapan etis yang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik etika oleh individu childfree sebagai upaya keluar dari kehancuran moral. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi pustaka dengan mengumpulkan berbagai literatur yang terkait dengan topik kehancuran moral dan etika oleh individu childfree di Indonesia. Hasil temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa individu childfree yang mengalami kehancuran moral melakukan 5 praktik etika, antara lain: (1) tidak secara terbuka membahas pilihan untuk childfree kepada orang lain; (2) mengabaikan orang-orang yang kontra dengan childfree; (3) bergabung dengan orang-orang atau lingkungan yang menerima childfree; (4) berkomunikasi dengan individu yang kontra dengan childfree; (5) fokus terhadap kehidupan pribadi dan hal-hal positif lainnya.

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The childfree phenomenon has raised pros and cons in society because it is considered contrary to institutions, discourse and moral practices in Indonesia. Poor societal attitudes toward the decision not to have children make childfree individuals vulnerable to moral breakdown. It occurs when some event or person interferes with a person's daily life and forces them to consciously contemplate an appropriate ethical response. This study aims to analyze ethical practices by childfree individuals as an effort to get out of moral decay. The research method used in this research is literature study by collecting various literature related to the topic of moral and ethical destruction by childfree individuals in Indonesia. The findings of this study indicate that childfree individuals who experience moral breakdown carry out 5 ethical practices, including: (1) not openly discussing choices for childfree with others; (2) ignoring those who are against childfree; (3) joining people or environments that accept childfree; (4) communicating with individuals who are against childfree; (5) focusing on personal life and other positive things."