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"The paper presents some early outputs from a study considering Papua?s economic development options. Rich in mineral and forestry wealth, Papua paradoxically suffers thehighest levels of poverty in Indonesia; it can be argued that uneven income distribution is as significant as a lack of wealth, or potential.Using secondary data sources the paper looks athow economic development options impact on Papua. However, it concludes that unless Papuaresolves its chronic energy shortages economic development will be constrained. Therefore, it considers a number of sustainable energy sources including jatropha and sago and clean technologies: biodiesel, ethanol and anaerobic digestion. An initial cost benefit feasibility study is presented for each option, prior to making some early observations on their economic, social and environmental impact. "

"The paper presents some early outputs from a study considering Papua’s economic development options. Rich in mineral and forestry wealth, Papua paradoxically suffers the highest levels of poverty in Indonesia; it can be argued that uneven income distribution is as significant as a lack of wealth, or potential. Using secondary data sources the paper looks at how economic development options impact on Papua. However, it concludes that unless Papua resolves its chronic energy shortages economic development will be constrained. Therefore, it considers a number of sustainable energy sources including jatropha and sago and clean technologies: biodiesel, ethanol and anaerobic digestion. An initial cost benefit feasibility study is presented for each option, prior to making some early observations on their economic, social and environmental impact."

"Cities are facing ever greater challenges regarding climate change. Urban governments and policymakers have taken such challenges into account when maintaining urban development momentum. Although the city government of Jakarta has implemented several initiatives to reduce emissions, assessments of the impact of these strategies on the sustainability of the urban system remain limited. This paper investigates the evaluation of two mitigation scenarios for reducing Jakarta’s greenhouse gases that differ in the authority level of the local government, using a policy analysis approach. The method emphasizes the use of the system dynamics model to gain insights into each option. The results reveal that the city’s development goals would be best achieved through joint partnership with the national government. Such cooperation would have a more significant effect on economic, social, and environmental sustainability than would be in the case in other scenarios."

"International trade is the life-blood of the countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Faced with several global trade issues the ASEAN countries individually and collectively pursue a multilateral approach by actively participating in the current Uruguay Round of GATT. The seven studies in this volume assess the strengths and weaknesses of international trading."