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"Tesis ini membahas mengenai implikasi diundangkannya peraturan mengenai insentif perpajakan bagi investor di Indonesia terhadap iklim penanaman modal di Indonesia. Insentif yang diberikan dalam bentuk pembebasan dan pengurangan Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) Badan atau insentif lain yang dapat dipertimbangkan semisal amortisasi dan penyusutan barang modal yang dipercepat ataupun kompensasi kerugian yang dikenakan kepada investor. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil sample proyek investasi yang dilakukan oleh Sinarmas Grup melalui banyak anak perusahaannya yang bergerak di bidang pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit dan turunannya semisal margarine, shortening, dan sisa-sisa pengolahannya berupa ampas kelapa sawit yang masih dapat digunakan sebagai pakan ternak, sebagaimana produk minyak goreng dan margarin berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia nomor 52 Tahun 2011 berhak mendapatkan fasilitas pengurang PPh Badan asalkan investasi dilakukan di daerah tertentu. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dan tipologi penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diundangkannya peraturan yang mengatur mengenai pemberian insentif pajak belum dapat dipastikan meningkatkan kuantitas investasi di Indonesia yang mana berbanding terbalik dengan tujuan diadakannya regulasi dimaksud oleh pemerintah yaitu untuk meningkatkan rating investment grade Indonesia di mata dunia internasional yang tujuan akhirnya dapat lebih banyak menarik investor dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia semakin baik, lewat penyerapan tenaga kerja dan tumbuhnya sektor Usaha Kecil Menegah di lokasi investasi dilaksanakan. Pada hakikatnya kebijakan fiskal berupa fasilitas perpajakan tidak dapat berbuat banyak apabila faktor penghambat investasi seperti: mogok buruh, perijinan yang rumit dan rawan pungutan liar, prosedur pengurusan perijinan yang kurang efisien, dan korupsi masih marak di Indonesia.

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This thesis discusses about the implications of the enactment of legislation on tax incentives for investors in Indonesia's investment climate. Incentives are given in the form of exemption and reduction of Company Income Tax or other incentives that may be considered such as amortization and accelerated depreciation of capital goods or compensation losses charged to investors. The research was conducted by taking a sample of investment projects undertaken by the Sinarmas Group through their many subsidiaries that engaged in the processing of palm oil and its derivatives such as margarine, shortening, and the remnants of oil palm cultivation in the form of pulp that can still be used as animal feed. As cooking oil and margarine products based on the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 52 Year 2011 are entitled to a corporate income tax deduction facilities as long as the investment is made in a certain area. This research is a normative legal and qualitative research typology.

The results showed that the promulgation of government regulations for granting tax incentives has not been proven to increase the quantity of investment in Indonesia, which is inversely proportional to the purpose of the regulation is to improve Indonesia's investment grade rating in the eyes of international community which is goal can ultimately attract more investors and the increase of economic growth in Indonesia, through more employee recruitment and the growth of Small and Medium sector investment undertaken at the investment site. In essence fiscal policy in the form of tax incentives cannot do much if the investment disincentives such as: labor strikes, permit arrangement complexion and prone to illegal fees, un-efficient business permits maintenance, and corruption culture in Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana penerapan insentif pajak berupa tax allowance dan tax holiday di Indonesia dan melihat bagaimana dampaknya terhadap kegiatan penanaman modal terutama setelah Pemerintah melakukan relaksasi terkait kedua kebijakan tersebut, serta mengetahui perbandingan kedua kebijakan tersebut di Indonesia dengan ASEAN. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun Pemerintah telah melakukan relaksasi, peminat kedua insentif tersebut masih relatif sedikit. Banyak investor yang tetap menanamkan modalnya di Indonesia meskipun tidak memanfaatkan insentif karena mereka mempertimbangkan faktor lain selain insentif pajak. Namun, insentif ini tetap diberlakukan karena Indonesia masih memiliki kekurangan terutama di bidang infrastruktur. Insentif pajak dalam hal ini menjadi kompensasi atas kekurangan yang ada. Penerapan insentif ini di ASEAN berbeda-beda tergantung pada kebijakan dan kebutuhan masing-masing negara. Untuk tax holiday, negara yang paling memberikan kemudahan adalah Singapura. Sedangkan untuk tax allowance, negara yang paling menguntungkan adalah Vietnam. Untuk memperbaiki kebijakan insentif pajak di Indonesia, Indonesia dapat mencontoh negara-negara lain di ASEAN.

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This research aims to analyze the implementation of tax allowance and tax holiday in Indonesia and to see the implication of the tax incentives on investment activities, especially after the government relaxes the policy, also to understand the comparison between tax incentives in Indonesia and in ASEAN member countries. This research approach is descriptive qualitative.

The result of this research concludes that although the government has relaxed the policy, the amount of investors who took those incentives is relatively small. There are many investors who still invested in Indonesia even though they did not get the incentives because they considered other factors besides tax incentives. But, tax incentives are still needed to compensate the lack of infrastructure.

The implementation of tax incentives in ASEAN are different depends on the policies and the needs of each country. For tax holiday, the country which provides the most convenience policy in terms of tax holiday is Singapore. For tax allowance, the most profitable country in terms of paying taxes is Vietnam. Indonesia can take advantages from other countries in ASEAN and use them as an example to improve tax incentive policies."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai evaluasi kebijakan insentif pajak penghasilan berupa tax allowance yang diberikan kepada industri pembangkit listrik tenaga bayu angin di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menganalisis pencapaian tujuan kebijakan tax allowance dengan menggunakan indikator efektivitas, responsivitas dan ketepatan dari Dunn. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi lapangan dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa insentif pajak penghasilan berupa tax allowance kurang efektif dalam meningkatkan investasi di bidang energi angin karena faktor ketidakpastian, tingginya kriteria penerima insentif, kurangnya sosialisasi serta peran insentif tax allowance yang kecil bagi industri ini. Adanya tujuan yang ingin dicapai pemerintah melalui suatu program merupakan faktor yang lebih mempengaruhi investasi dibandingkan pemberian insentif tax allowance.

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This research focused on the evaluation of income tax incentive policy in the form of tax allowance given to wind power industry in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the achievement of tax allowance policy objectives by using Dunns indicators which are effectiveness, responsiveness and accuracy. This research used a qualitative approach with field research and literature data collection methods.

The results showed that income tax incentive in the form of tax allowance is less effective in increasing investment in wind energy due to uncertainty to get tax incentive approval, high qualifications or threshold, lack of socialization and small role of tax allowance incentive for the industry. A factor that further influences the investment is the existence of objectives to be achieved by the government through a program."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas evaluasi kebijakan pemberian fasilitas pajak penghasilan investment allowance dan pengurangan PPh dalam rangka penanaman modal di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian tesis ini untuk 1 Menganalisis Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penanaman modal di Indonesia 2 Menganalisis efektifitas, efisiensi, kecukupan, keadilan, responsivitas dan keadilan dari fasilitas investment allowance dan pengurangan PPh 3 Menganalisis hambatan-hambatan yang timbul dari pelaksanaan kebijakan pemberian fasilitas investment allowance dan pengurangan PPh 4 Menganalisis upaya-upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk memaksimalkan pemberian fasilitas investment allowance dan pengurangan PPh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan deskriptif kriteria evaluasi menurut Dunn.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat penanaman modal bukan hanya dari segi fiskal, namun juga dari non-fiskal seperti infrastruktur, SDM, SDA, kepastian hukum, kondisi ekonomi dan politik serta pangsa pasar. Pemberian fasilitas perpajakan berupa investment allowance dan pengurangan PPh menurut evaluasi kebijakan Dunn, sudah memenuhi kriteria ketepatan dan keadilan. Namun belum memenuhi kriteria evaluasi efektifitas, efisiensi, kecukupan dan responsivitas. Hambatan dari pelaksanaan pemberian fasilitas pajak penghasilan badan oleh pemerintah terdiri dari hambatan internal maupun eksternal dari pelaksana kebijakan. Atas hambatan yang ada pemerintah melakukan berbagai upaya seperti melakukan deregulasi, debirokratisasi, meningkatkan koordinasi dan pelayanan bagi investor untuk dapat menanamkan modalnya di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT This thesis elaborates on the evaluation on government policy of granting income tax facility investment allowance and income tax deduction to boost investment in Indonesia. The research aims at 1 analyzing the factors influencing capital investment in Indonesia 2 analyzing effectiveness, efficiency, sufficiency, fairness and responsiveness of the investment allowance and income tax deduction facilities 3 analyzing the barriers that occur from the implementation of investment allowance and income tax deduction facility policy and 4 analyzing the efforts undertaken by the government to maximize the performance of investment allowance and income tax deduction facility. This research applies qualitative method and Dunn 39 s descriptive evaluation criteria.The research shows that the factors influencing investors 39 interest for conducting capital investment are not only associated with fiscal aspects, but also the non fiscal ones, such as infrastructure, human resources, natural resources, legal certainty, economic and political condition, as well as market. The granting of tax facility in form of investment allowance and income deduction has already met the criteria of appropriateness and fairness according to Dunn 39 s policy evaluation. However, it has not yet met the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, sufficiency and responsiveness. The implementation of corporate income tax facility by the government is constrained by both internal and external barriers from policy maker 39 s side , to address which challenges, the government has been undertaking several efforts such as deregulation, de bureaucratization, as well as improvement of coordination and service for investors to invest in Indonesia."

"Global Minimum Tax (GMT) merupakan kebijakan yang ditujukan untuk mengakhiri harmful tax competition di dunia. Indonesia turut merasakan dampak GMT terhadap skema insentif pajak penghasilan. Hal ini karena pemanfaatan insentif pajak berpotensi untuk menyebabkan ETR perusahaan berada dibawah 15% sehingga akan timbul hilangnya potensi penerimaan Indonesia ke negara lain. Untuk itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis implikasi penerapan GMT terhadap skema insentif pajak penghasilan di Indonesia dan meninjau rencana kebijakan perpajakan di Indonesia dalam rangka penerapan GMT. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan dengan melakukan wawancara kepada pihak-pihak terkait. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penerapan GMT di Indonesia akan mempengaruhi beberapa jenis insentif pajak khususnya insentif berbasis penghasilan. Adapun beberapa jenis insentif pajak di Indonesia yang terpengaruhi oleh GMT adalah tax holiday, tax allowance, super tax deduction, reduced rates, dan insentif untuk pengembangan daerah. Selain itu, dalam penerapan GMT Pemerintah Indonesia akan menerapkan kebijakan perpajakan baru, yaitu Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax (QDMTT) yang bertujuan untuk mengamankan jaring penerimaan negara dalam penerapan GMT dan Qualified Refundable Tax Credit (QRTC) yang ditujukan untuk mendorong daya saing iklim investasi di Indonesia dalam penerapan GMT.

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GMT is a policy aimed to end harmful tax competition. Indonesian income tax incentive scheme also impacted by GMT implementation. This is due to the utilization of tax incentives has the potential to affect the company's ETR to be below 15%, so there will be a loss of potential Indonesian revenue to other countries. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the implications of the implementation of GMT on the income tax incentive scheme in Indonesia and review the tax policy plan in Indonesia in the context of the implementation of GMT. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through literature study and field study by conducting interviews with relevant parties. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of GMT in Indonesia will affect several types of tax incentives, especially income-based incentives. The types of tax incentives in Indonesia that are affected by GMT are tax holidays, tax allowances, super tax deductions, reduced rates, and incentives for regional development. In addition, in the implementation of GMT, the Government of Indonesia will implement new tax policies, namely QDMTT, which aims to secure the net state revenue in the implementation of GMT, and QRTC, which is intended to encourage the competitiveness of the investment climate in Indonesia in the implementation of GMT."

"This research is aimed to investigate the relationship of tax incentive and FDI and also the influence of other factors, such as the availability of natural resources, economic stability, market size, and openness to trade, to the FDI?s decision. FDI measurement is using the actual figure of FDI in mining sector industry in Indonesia per GDP as the proxy. Hypothesis test is conducted using statistical method, which is Pearson Correlation Coefficient with sample of mining sector industry in general (non-oil & gas) from 2008 until 2013.

The results of this research is in contrary with the prior research?s results from Babatunde & Shakirat Adepeju in 2012, which this results conclude that tax incentive has no significant relationship to the FDI?s attractiveness to the mining sector industry in Indonesia. On the other hand, there are two variables that have significant relationship to the FDI?s attractiveness, which is consistent with the prior research. The two variables are the availability of natural resources and the openness to trade."

"ABSTRAKDengan menggunakan data dari dua puluh dua negara partner selama periode tahun 1999 sampai 2018, penelitian ini menunjukkan pengaruh insentif pajak terhadap Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) di Indonesia. Analisis fixed-effect dan least square dummy variable digunakan untuk menentukan arah dan signifikansi dari insentif pajak dan korelasinya dengan FDI bersama-sama dengan determinan FDI yang lain. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ketika insentif pajak naik, aliran FDI turun signifikan. Akan tetapi, turunnya tarif PPh Badan yang juga merupakan ukuran dari biaya investasi akan meningkatkan aliran FDI.

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ABSTRACTUsing the data from twenty-two partner countries in 1999 to 2018, this paper presents the impact of tax incentives on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Indonesia. A fixed-effect and least square dummy variable analysis are used to determine the direction and significance of tax incentives in its correlation with FDI together with other FDI determinant. The main finding shows that as tax incentives increase, the FDI flow decrease significantly. However, corporate income tax (CIT) rate which also used as investment cost proxy shows that as it decreases the FDI flow will increase."

"ABSTRAKDalam mendorong investasi di bidang usaha dan/daerah tertentudiimplementasikan kebijakan tax allowance, namun perusahaan penerima fasilitasmengalami penurunan. Tesis ini membahas tentang efektivitas implementasikebijakan tax allowance dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitianmenggunakan teori kebijakan publik, perpajakan, dan investasi. Menggunakanparadigma post positivist, pendekatan kualitatif, dan teknik pengumpulan datadengan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menujukan dimensi tepatkebijakan, pelaksana, lingkungan, dan proses terpenuhi, tetapi tepat target belumterpenuhi. Implementasi kebijakan tax allowance cukup efektif dan faktor yangmempengaruhi adalah faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Agar dimensi tepattarget terpenuhi dengan membuat grading kriteria perusahaan, persyaratan, daninsentif. Untuk menanggulangi faktor penghambat dengan melonggarkan kriteriadan persyaratan, dan meningkatkan sosialisasi kebijakan tax allowance.

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ABSTRACTIn encouraging investment in the field of business and/or certain areasimplemented tax allowance policy, but the company receiving the facility hasdecreased. This thesis discusses the effectiveness of the implementation of taxallowance policy and the factors that influence it. Research uses public policytheory, taxation, and investment. Using post positivist paradigms, qualitativeapproaches, and data collection techniques with in-depth interview. The results ofthe research indicate the exact dimensions of policies, implementers,environments, and Process fulfilled, but the exact target has not been met.Implementation of tax allowance policy is quite effective and influence factors ofsupporting and inhibiting factors. So that the exact dimensions of the targetfulfilled by creating a grade of company criteria, requirements, and incentives. Toovercome obstacles by loosening criteria and requirements, and increasing thesocialization of tax allowance policy."

"Kebutuhan serta potensi biodiesel sebagai subtitusi solar menjadi penting untuk diperhitungkan dalam target bauran energi di Indonesia. Realitanya, masih terdapat berbagai isu yang menghambat perkembangan industri biodiesel, khususnya biodiesel non-kelapa sawit. Pada tahun 2009, pemerintah memberikan insentif Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Ditanggung Pemerintah (PPN DTP) atas penyerahan biodiesel di dalam negeri, namun kebijakan tidak dilanjutkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis latar belakang insentif PPN DTP atas penyerahan biodiesel pada tahun 2009 tidak dilanjutkan, faktor yang mendorong diperlukannya kembali insentif, dan alternatif insentif dengan tinjauan kebijakan di Malaysia, Kolumbia, dan Jerman. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan dan lapangan. Hasil penelitian pertama, faktor yang melatarbelakangi PPN DTP atas penyerahan biodiesel di dalam negeri pada tahun 2009 tidak dilanjutkan adalah minimnya pemanfaatan, kebijakan salah sasaran, dan lemahnya dasar hukum. Kedua, biodiesel non-kelapa sawit memiliki berbagai faktor yang mendorong dibutuhkannya kembali insentif PPN dan alternatif insentif PPN yang dapat diberikan adalah PPN tidak dipungut. Ketiga, kebijakan insentif PPN atas penyerahan biodiesel telah diberlakukan di Malaysia, Kolumbia, dan Jerman sebagai dorongan dari pemerintah untuk industri biodiesel. 

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The need and potential of biodiesel as a substitute for diesel become essential to be considered in Indonesia's energy mix targets. In reality, there are still various issues hindering the development of the biodiesel industry, especially non-palm oil biodiesel. In 2009, the government provided an incentive of Value-Added Tax Borne by Government on the domestic delivery of biodiesel, but the policy was not continued. The purpose of this research is to analyze the background of the discontinuation of the incentive on biodiesel delivery in 2009, the factors driving the need for its reinstatement, and alternative incentives by reviewing policies in Malaysia, Colombia, and Germany. The research employs a qualitative approach with literature and field studies. The first result of the research shows that the factors underlying the discontinuation of the VAT BPG on domestic biodiesel delivery in 2009 are the limited utilization, misdirected policies, and weak legal basis. Secondly, non-palm oil biodiesel has various factors driving the need for the reinstatement of VAT BPG incentive, and the alternative incentive that can be given is exempting VAT. Thirdly, VAT incentive policies on biodiesel delivery have been implemented in Malaysia, Colombia, and Germany as government encouragement for the biodiesel industry."