Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Book Two in the critically acclaimed The Fire Sermon trilogy--The Hunger Games meets Cormac McCarthy's The Road in this richly imagined post-apocalyptic series by award-winning poet Francesca Haig. Four hundred years in the future, the Earth has turned primitive following a nuclear fire that has laid waste to civilization and nature. Though the radiation fallout has ended, for some unknowable reason every person is born with a twin. Of each pair, one is an Alpha--physically perfect in every way; and the other an Omega--burdened with deformity, small or large. With the Council ruling an apartheid-like society, Omegas are branded and ostracized while the Alphas have gathered the world's sparse resources for themselves. Though proclaiming their superiority, for all their effort, Alphas cannot escape one harsh fact: whenever one twin dies, so does the other. Cass is a rare Omega, one burdened with psychic foresight. While her twin, Zach, gains power on the Alpha Council, she dares to dream the most dangerous dream of all: equality. For daring to envision a world in which Alphas and Omegas live side-by-side as equals, both the Council and the Resistance have her in their sights.Book Two in the critically acclaimed The Fire Sermon trilogy--The Hunger Games meets Cormac McCarthy's The Road in this richly imagined post-apocalyptic series by award-winning poet Francesca Haig. Four hundred years in the future, the Earth has turned primitive following a nuclear fire that has laid waste to civilisation and nature. Though the radiation fallout has ended, for some unknowable reason every person is born with a twin. Of each pair, one is an Alpha--physically perfect in every way; and the other an Omega--burdened with deformity, small or large. With the Council ruling an apartheid-like society, Omegas are branded and ostracised while the Alphas have gathered the world's sparse resources for themselves. Though proclaiming their superiority, for all their effort, Alphas cannot escape one harsh fact: whenever one twin dies, so does the other. Cass is a rare Omega, one burdened with psychic foresight. While her twin, Zach, gains power on the Alpha Council, she dares to dream the most dangerous dream of all: equality. For daring to envision a world in which Alphas and Omegas live side-by-side as equals, both the Council and the Resistance have her in their sights."

"Thermal decomposition of fish bones to obtain calcium oxide (CaO) was conducted at various temperatures of 400, 500, 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. The calcium oxide was then characterized using X-ray diffractometer, FTIR spectrophotometer, and SEM analysis. The calcium oxide obtained from the decomposition at 1000 °C was then used as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Diffraction pattern of the calcium oxide produced from decomposition at 1000 °C showed a pattern similar to that of the calcium oxide produced by the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard (JCDPS). The diffractions of 2q values at 1000 °C were 32.2, 37.3, 53.8, 64.1, and 67.3 deg.

The FTIR spectrum of calcium oxide decomposed at 1000 °C has a specific vibration at wave-length 362 cm-1, which is similar to the specific vibration of Ca-O. SEM analysis of the calcium oxide indicated that the calcium oxide's morphology shows a smaller size and a more homogeneous structure, compared to those of fish bones. The use of calcium oxide as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil resulted in iod number of 15.23 g/100 g KOH, density of 0.88 g/cm3, viscosity of 6.00 cSt, and fatty acid value of 0.56 mg/KOH. These characteristic values meet the National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) for biodiesel."

"Dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan kolagen dan hidroksiapatit untuk rekayasa jaringan tulang dari limbah pengolahan ikan. Kolagen diekstraksi dari kulit salmon norway (Salmon salar) meggunakan metode Acid Soluble Collagen (ASC) sementara hidroksiapatit disintesis dari tulang ikan tuna dengan menggunakan metode kalsinasi pada suhu 600°C dan 800°C. Material dievaluasi untuk sifat fisika-kimia, kolagen dievaluasi dengan fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dan scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Kolagen hasil ekstraksi memiliki morfologi dalam bentuk lembaran dengan yield 0,8%. Persentase karbon yang didapatkan dari kolagen yang diekstraksi adalah 47% dan termasuk dalam kelas standar, sementara persentase karbon/nitrogen yaitu 2,63% yang sedikit lebih rendah dari standar. Hidroksiapatit yang telah disintesis dievaluasi dengan fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), dan X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hidroksiapatit yang diperoleh setelah proses kalsinasi menunjukkan struktur yang serupa yaitu kristal bubuk. HAp yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 600°C dan 800°C tidak memiliki pita sesempit HAp standar, namun lebih sempit daripada HAp yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 600°C. Rasio atom Ca/P HAp 600°C dan 800°C yaitu 2,15 dan 2,01 secara berurutan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kolagen dari kulit salmon dan hidroksiapatit dari tulang tuna memiliki kualitas baik dan aplikasi luas dalam rekayasa jaringan tulang.

---

In this research, collagen and hydroxyapatite were developed for bone tissue engineering from fish processing waste. Collagen was extracted from the skin of Norwegian salmon (Salmon salar) using the Acid Soluble Collagen (ASC) method, while hydroxyapatite was synthesized from tuna bones using the calcination method at 600°C and 800°C. Materials were evaluated for physico-chemical properties, collagen was evaluated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The synthesized hydroxyapatite was evaluated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Extracted collagen have a sheet looking morphology with yield of 0.8%. The percentage of carbon obtained from extracted collagen is 47%, while the percentage of carbon/nitrogen is 2.63% which is slightly lower than the standard. The hydroxyapatite obtained after the calcination process shows a similar structure which is powder crystals. HAp calcined at 600°C and 800°C did not have a band as narrow as standard HAp, although HAp calcined at 800°C had narrower bands than HAp calcined at 600°C. The atomic ratios of Ca/P HAp at 600°C and 800°C are 2.15 and 2.01 respectively. The research findings indicate that collagen from salmon skin and hydroxyapatite from tuna bones are expected to have broad applications in bone tissue engineering."