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"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Berdasarkan data riskesdas 2013, prevalensi batu saluran kemih di Indonesia adalah 0,6 persen. Batu saluran kemih disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor; lingkungan kerja panas dan BJ Urin. Sebagian pekerja dapur RS X Tangerang mengeluh lingkungan kerja yang panas berlebihan sehingga berkeringat dan data medical check up tahun 2014 tidak ada pemeriksaan urin sehingga gambaran status kesehatan pekerja akibat lingkungan panas tidak dapat diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkungan kerja panas dengan kristalisasi urin pada pekerja dapur RS X Tangerang.Metode: Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kros seksional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di RS X Tangerang dari bulan Januari sampai Maret 2015, dengan menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara, pemeriksaan tanda vital responden sebelum dan sesudah kerja, pemeriksaan urinalisa sebelum dan sesudah kerja serta pengukuran suhu lingkungan kerja dengan menggunakan alat area heat stress monitor Quest Stemp 36 dan perhitungannya berdasarkan Indeks Suhu Bola Basah. Berdasarkan metode total populasi dan setelah mempertimbangkan faktor eklusi dan inklusi didapatkan sampel sebanyak 105 orang.Hasil: Prevalensi kristal urin ditemukan sebesar 6,7% pada pemeriksaan urin sebelum kerja dan 10,5% sesudah kerja. Lingkungan kerja panas tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan terjadinya kristalisasi urin pada pekerja (p=0,316). BJ urin mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan terjadinya kristalisasi urin (p<0,05), dimana risiko untuk terjadinya kristalisasi urin meningkat 1,8 kali sesudah kerja. Faktor risiko lain seperti umur, jenis kelamin, riwayat penyakit, Indeks Masa Tubuh, kebiasaan makan dan minum, masa kerja, lama kerja, dan jenis pekerjaan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p>0,05).Kesimpulan: Lingkungan kerja panas dan faktor risiko lainnya tidak berhubungan dengan terjadinya kristalisasi urin pada pekerja di bagian dapur RS X Tangerang. BJ Urin responden berhubungan dengan terjadinya kristalisasi urin baik pada pemeriksaan urin sebelum dan sesudah kerja, Ini berarti sebelum kerja responden sudah dehidrasi, mungkin karena kurang minum atau paparan panas sebelumnya. Ditambah lingkungan kerja panas kepekatan urin meningkat, karenanya dianjurkan pekerja mengkonsumsi cairan minimal dua liter perhari.

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ABSTRACTBackground: According to 2013 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of urinary tract calculus in Indonesia is 0.6%. Several factors like temperature of working environment and urine specific gravity contribute to the formation of urinary tract calculus. Some of kitchen workers in the hospital X Tangerang complain about their hot working environment which caused them to sweat excessively and medical check-ups data in 2014, there was no urine examination so that an overview of health status of workers due to hot environment can‟t be obtained.This study aims to determine the relationship between hot working environment and urine crystallization on the kitchen workers of hospital X TangerangMethods: The research used a cross-sectional design. Data collection was done in Hospital X Tangerang from January to March 2015 using questionnaire, interview, and vital signs examination of the respondents before and after work, urine examination before and after work. Environment temperature was measured using area heat stress monitor Quest Stemp 36 and the calculation was done based on WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index). Using total population methods after considering the inclusion and exclusion factors, we acquired 105 people as samples.Result: The prevalence of urinary crystals was 6. 7% on urine samples before work and 10.5% after work. The relationship between hot working environment and the formation of crystals in the urine was not significant in the kitchen workers (p>0.316). Urine specific gravity has a significant relationship to the formation of crystals in the urine (p<0.05) in which the risk of the crystals formation increase 1,8 time after work. The other risk factors such as age, sex, hospital sheet, body mass index, eating and drinking habits, tenure, long working, and type of work showed no significant relationship (p>0.05).Conclusion: Hot working environment and the other risk factors are not related to urine crystallization in the kitchen workers of Hospital X Tangerang. Urine specific gravity is related to the formation of crystals in the urine before and after work. This means, before working respondents already dehydrated, probably due to lack of drinking or heat exposure before. Hot working environment increases urine concentration. It‟s recommended for workers to consume at least two liters of fluid perday., Background: According to 2013 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of urinary tract calculus in Indonesia is 0.6%. Several factors like temperature of working environment and urine specific gravity contribute to the formation of urinary tract calculus. Some of kitchen workers in the hospital X Tangerang complain about their hot working environment which caused them to sweat excessively and medical check-ups data in 2014, there was no urine examination so that an overview of health status of workers due to hot environment can‟t be obtained.This study aims to determine the relationship between hot working environment and urine crystallization on the kitchen workers of hospital X TangerangMethods: The research used a cross-sectional design. Data collection was done in Hospital X Tangerang from January to March 2015 using questionnaire, interview, and vital signs examination of the respondents before and after work, urine examination before and after work. Environment temperature was measured using area heat stress monitor Quest Stemp 36 and the calculation was done based on WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index). Using total population methods after considering the inclusion and exclusion factors, we acquired 105 people as samples.Result: The prevalence of urinary crystals was 6. 7% on urine samples before work and 10.5% after work. The relationship between hot working environment and the formation of crystals in the urine was not significant in the kitchen workers (p>0.316). Urine specific gravity has a significant relationship to the formation of crystals in the urine (p<0.05) in which the risk of the crystals formation increase 1,8 time after work. The other risk factors such as age, sex, hospital sheet, body mass index, eating and drinking habits, tenure, long working, and type of work showed no significant relationship (p>0.05).Conclusion: Hot working environment and the other risk factors are not related to urine crystallization in the kitchen workers of Hospital X Tangerang. Urine specific gravity is related to the formation of crystals in the urine before and after work. This means, before working respondents already dehydrated, probably due to lack of drinking or heat exposure before. Hot working environment increases urine concentration. It‟s recommended for workers to consume at least two liters of fluid perday.]"

"Pada pasien pasca operasi paralisis otot - otot kandung kemih menyebabkanterjadinya retensi urine. Salah satu tindakan perawatan untuk mengatasinya denganmelakukan ambulasi dini, namun efektifitas dari ambulasi dini belum bisa dibuktikan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ambulasi dini pada pasienpasca operasi dengan spinal anestesi. Desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi, denganprosedur analisis statistik menggunakan uji Chi Square. Pengambilan sampel dengansistem purposive sampling, yaitu metode pengambilan sampel dengan pertimbangantertentu. Jumlah sampel yang bersedia dan berhasil di observasi sebanyak 16 orang,sampel diambil di Rumah Sakit Fatmawati dan Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta.Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan Iembar observasi yang telah disusun dandiberi petunjuk pengisiannya. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa dari 16sampel yang diobservasi, 11 pasien melakukan ambulasi dini pasca operasi dan 5orang tidak melakukan ambulasi dini atau melakukan ambulasi setelah 24 jam. Dari11 pasien yang melakukan ambulasi dini, 9 pasien (81.8%) mampu berkemih secaraspontan, dan hanya 2 pasien (18.2%) yang mengalami retensi urine. Sedangkan dari5 pasien yang melakukan ambulasi setelah 24 jam, 4 pasien (80%) mengalami retensiwine, dan hanya 1 pasien (20%) yang mampu berkemih spontan. Hasil analisisstatistik menggunakan uji Chi Square didapatkan p value : 0.036, dengan demikian pvalue < alpha ( 0.05 ). Sehingga keputusannya Ho ditolak, berarti dapat diambilkesimpulan ada pengaruh ambulasi dini terhadap retensi urine pada pasien pascaoperasi dengan spinal anestesi."

"Latar Belakang: Pemeriksaan volume urine kala III merupakan salah satu komponen dalam skor Suskhan guna memprediksi retensio urine pasca persalinan. Selama ini pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan kateter urine yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko infeksi saluran kemih. Ultrasonografi (USG) Dietz merupakan alternatif metode pemeriksaan volume urine. Namun, belum terdapat perbandingan antara USG Dietz dan kateter dalam pemeriksaan volume urine kala III.Metode: Penelitian analitik korelasional dengan metode potong lintang dilakukan terhadap 30 orang ibu yang menjalani persalinan normal pervaginam di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Rumah Sakit Umum Kota Tangerang pada Oktober 2020 hingga Desember 2021. Pasien dengan riwayat retensi urine atau memiliki indikasi pemasangan kateter kontinu dieksklusi dari penelitian. Pemeriksaan volume urine kala III dengan USG Dietz dilakukan dengan rumus volume = tinggi (cm) x lebar (cm) x 5,6. Pemasangan kateter urine dilakukan segera setelah pemeriksaan dengan USG Dietz.Hasil: Sebanyak 30 orang subjek mengikuti penelitian ini. Didapatkan korelasi sangat kuat antara hasil pemeriksaan USG Dietz dan kateter (r = 0,788, p < 0,001). Didapatkan korelasi terbaik pada kelompok subjek dengan volume urine < 50 cc (r = 0,842, p <0,001). Didapatkan selisih antar pemeriksaan yang tidak bermakna secara statistik (p =0,133).Kesimpulan: Hasil pemeriksaan volume urine kala III dengan USG Dietz memiliki korelasi positif kuat terhadap pemeriksaan dengan kateter urine.

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Background: Examination of the third stage of labor urine volume is one of vital components in the Suskhan score to predict postpartum urinary retention. So far, the examination is done with a urinary catheter, which is associated with increased risk of urinary tract infection. Ultrasonography (USG) Dietz is an alternative method of measuring urine volume. However, there is no comparison between Dietz ultrasound andcatheter in the third stage labor urine volume examination.

Methods: A cross-sectional correlational analytic study was conducted on 30 mothers who underwent normal vaginal delivery at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Tangerang City General Hospital from October 2020 to December 2021. Patients with a history of urinary retention or indications for continuous catheter insertion were excluded

from the study. study. Examination of the third stage of urine volume with USG Dietz was carried out with the formula volume = height (cm) x width (cm) x 5.6. Urinary catheter insertion was performed immediately after examination with Ultrasound Dietz.

Results: A total of 30 subjects participated in this study. There was a very strong correlation between the results of the Dietz ultrasound examination and the catheter (r =0.788, p < 0.001). The best correlation was found in the group of subjects with urine volume < 50 cc (r = 0.842, p < 0.001). The difference between examinations was not statistically significant (p = 0.133).

Conclusion: The results of the third stage labor urine volume examination with USG Dietz had a strong positive correlation with the examination with a urinary catheter."

"Background: optimal hydration represents adequate total daily fluid intake to compensate for daily water losses, ensure adequate urine output to reduce the risk of urolithiasis and renal function decline, and also avoid the production of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Twenty four hour urine osmolality has been used to assess hydration status, but it is challenging because of the possibility of spilling urine and limitation of daily activities. This study is aimed to determine the performance of the afternoon urine osmolality to assess the optimal hydration status compared with 24 hour urine osmolality.Methods: a cross sectional study was conducted on healthy employees aged 18-59 years at Universitas Indonesia Medical Faculty/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, with consecutive sampling method. The ROC curve was analyzed to obtain the optimal cut off point and the accuracy of the afternoon urine osmolality in assessing the optimal hydration status.Results: between August-September 2016 there were 120 subjects (73.8% female, median age 32 years) who met the study criteria with a median 24 hour urine osmolality 463.5 (95% CI, 136-1427) mOsm/kg H2O and median afternoon urine osmolality 513 (95% CI, 73-1267). We found moderate correlation (r=0.59; p<0.001) between afternoon urine osmolality and a 24 hour urine osmolality. Using ROC curve, the AUC value was 0.792 (95% CI, 0.708-0.875) with the cut off 528 mOsm/kg H2O. To assess the optimal hydration status, the afternoon urine osmolality had the sensitivity of 0.7 (95% CI, 0.585-0.795) and the specificity of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.626-0.857), Likelihood Ratio (LR) (+) 2.917 (95% CI, 1.74-4.889) and LR (-) 0.395 (95% CI, 0.267-0.583).Conclusion: afternoon urine osmolality can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess the optimal hydration status in healthy population with cut off 528 mOsm/kg H2O, sensitivity of 0.7, and specificity of 0.76."

"Kesehatan merupakan kebutuhan dasar setiap manusia untuk menjalani kehidupan sehari hari. Urinalisa merupakan pemeriksaan kesehatan tubuh berdasarkan cairan urin. Protein merupakan salah satu parameter yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan tubuh. Keadaan protein yang tidak normal dalam tubuh dapat mengindikasikan adanya penyakit gangguan ginjal, gagal jantung dan proteinuria. Urine analyzer merupakan alat yang dapat mendeteksi adanya protein dalam urin. Keterbatasan akses menggunakan alat Urine Analyzer menjadi latar belakang dilakukan pengukuran protein dalam urin berbasis ponsel pintar. Ponsel pintar mempunyai kamera ponsel yang memungkinkan digunakan dalam pemrosesan gambar. Ponsel pintar yang digunakan untuk pengukuran protein pada urin dalam penelitian ini adalah Huawei Nova 5T dan Samsung Galaxy A51 dengan menggunakan aplikasi Opencamera untuk mengambil citra sampel strip uji dan papan warna. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pula pengujian ukuran resolusi kamera terhadap algoritma koreksi warna dan segmentasi pada citra. Data citra kemudian dilakukan koreksi warna untuk menghasilkan warna citra yang optimal. Metode koreksi warna yang digunakan adalah metode Root-Polynomial Color Correction (RPCC). Citra hasil koreksi warna selanjutnya digunakan sebagai data masukan untuk pengukuran kadar protein pada urin menggunakan model regresi Artificial Neural Network dengan metode fungsi pelatihan Lavenberg-Marquardt. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, algortima koreksi warna bekerja optimal pada ukuran resolusi minimum sampai resolusi maksimum. Algortima koreksi warna yang digunakan menghasilkan performa yang baik dengan hasil evaluasi koreksi warna sebesar 1,13 – 1,83 ΔE. Model regresi menggunakan ANN menghasikan nilai evaluasi sebesar 0,05 – 0,04 RRMSE atau 95% - 96%. Hasil ini menyimpulkan bahwa algortima model regresi Artificial Neural Network dengan fungsi pelatihan Lavenberg-Marquardt dapat digunakan untuk pengukuran kadar protein pada urin berbasis ponsel pintar.

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Health is a basic need of every human being. Urinalysis is an examination of the body's health based on urine. Protein is one of the parameters that can be used to determine the health condition of the body. The state of abnormal protein in the body can indicate kidney disorders, heart failure and proteinuria. Urine analyzer is a tool that can detect the presence of protein in urine. Limited access using Urine Analyzer is the background for measuring protein in urine based on smart phones. Smartphones have cell phone cameras that allow them to be used in image processing. The smart phones used for measuring protein in urine in this study were Huawei Nova 5T and Samsung Galaxy A51 using the application Opencamera to take sample images of test strips and color boards. In this study, the size of the camera resolution was also tested against color correction algorithms and image segmentation. The image data is then color corrected to produce the optimal color image. The color correction method use the Root-Polynomial Color Correction (RPCC) method. The color-corrected image then used as input data for measuring protein levels in urine using regression model Artificial Neural Network with training function method Lavenberg-Marquardt. The results show that the color correction algorithm works optimally at the minimum resolution to the maximum resolution. The color correction algorithm used produces good performance with the results of the color correction evaluation being 1,13 – 1,83 ΔE. The regression model using ANN produces an evaluation value of 0.05 – 0.04 RRMSE or 95% – 96%. These results conclude that the regression model algorithm Artificial Neural Network with training function Lavenberg-Marquardt can be used for smartphone-based urine protein measurement."

"Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan dapat menyerang paru-paru serta organ lainnya. Sesuai dengan ketentuan target product profiles (TPP) TB gagasan World Health Organization (WHO), diperlukan pengembangan alat tes cepat penunjang yang dapat mendeteksi berbagai jenis kasus TB menggunakan sampel alternatif, salah satunya berupa urine. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh informasi dasar terkait profil protein urine kelompok TB dan kelompok sehat melalui metode separasi protein sodium dodecyl sulphate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), sebagai langkah penelitian awal penentuan marka protein TB. Metode penelitian diawali dengan pooling sampel urine subjek terkonfirmasi TB Paru (5), TB Ekstra-paru (5), TB-HIV (5), dan TB Klinis (5), serta lima subjek sehat sesuai kelompok. Isolasi protein dan SDS-PAGE dilakukan terhadap pooling sampel tersebut, dilanjutkan dengan pewarnaan coomassie brilliant blue, serta analisis profil protein hasil SDS-PAGE menggunakan ImageJ. Profil protein kelompok sehat dan empat kelompok TB menunjukkan perbedaan jumlah dan intensitas pita protein yang terekspresi. Kelompok TB-HIV memiliki 12 pita protein terekspresi dengan intensitas pita protein yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok TB lain maupun kelompok sehat. Kelompok sehat hanya memiliki satu pita protein terekspresi pada kisaran berat molekul 66,01 kDa. Sementara, hampir seluruh kelompok TB menunjukkan keseragaman protein yang tampak pada kategori pita protein berberat molekul menengah dan rendah. Terdapat tiga pita protein yang memiliki keseragaman pada keempat profil kelompok TB dengan intensitas dan konsentrasi terestimasi yang cukup tinggi, yaitu pita dengan berat molekul 52,83±56,31kDa, 48kDa, dan 23,8±24,57kDa. Melalui metode SDS-PAGE, profil protein urine kelompok sehat dan kelompok TB dapat diamati dengan keseragaman pita terekspresi pada kelompok TB yang juga berpotensi dalam penemuan marka protein TB yang inklusif. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya perlu dilakukan langkah identifikasi protein pada pita protein yang memiliki keseragaman.

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Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which can cause infection in lungs and various other organs. In accordance with the provisions from WHO TB target product profiles (TPP), it is necessary to develop a rapid test that could detect various types of TB cases using an alternative sample, urine. The aim of this study was to obtain basic information regarding urine protein profile of TB groups and the healthy group through SDS-PAGE protein separation method, as an initial research step to determine TB protein markers. This research begins with pooling urine samples of confirmed subjects with pulmonary TB (5), extra-pulmonary TB (5), TB-HIV (5), and clinical TB (5), as well as 5 healthy subjects according to groups, after isolation and protein separation using SDS-PAGE, gel was stained using Commassie Brilliant Blue dye, and the end results were analyzed using ImageJ. The urine protein profiles of the healthy group and the four TB groups showed differences in the number, intensity, and estimated concentration of the expressed protein bands. The TB-HIV group had high-intensity protein expression and was dominantly expressed in the low molecular weight category. The protein profile of TB groups showed uniformity in the intermediate and low molecular weight categories. There are three protein bands that have uniformity in the four profiles of the TB group with fairly high estimated intensity and concentration, namely bands with molecular weights of 52.83±56.31kDa, 48kDa, and 23.8±24.57kDa. Through the SDS-PAGE method, the urine protein profiles of the healthy and TB groups were successfully observed, and the uniformity of protein bands expressed in the TB group also has the potential for the discovery of inclusive TB protein markers. For further research, it is necessary to identify the protein band that has uniformity."