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ABSTRACTThe village communities in Indonesia are known as having extraordinary wisdom in maintaining their respective living resources. They have future-vision thinking and deeply understand to pick the meaning of biodiversity in the daily life.
Desa adat Tenganan Pegringsingan is a traditional village located in the eastern Bali, 17 km. from Karangasem and 65 km from the capital city Denpasar. The settlement is situated in a valley surrounded by a range of hills from east, north to west. The hill in the east is called 'Bukit kangin' in north is called 'Bukit kana' and in the west is called 'Bukit kauh'. The village represents one of the ancient villages in Bali inhabited by the Bali Aga community with the special typical of life, social structure, traditions, custom, and religion principles different from those or other Balinese regions.
The hilly environment consisting of traditional forests, dry field, and orchards. These landscape unit are the community?s source of life. The landscape and its biodiversity are thought as still keeping their originality doe to the community's traditional knowledge and management of nature. The brief observation alone can show the result of a successful way of the peoples tradition in keeping their environment mostly intact.
The aim of this research is to gain an understanding of the traditional community's concept about their landscape and environment, their efforts in arranging the landscape unit and their contents as well as the management of natural resources in the context of the community?s social-culture-
The research is conducted in exploratory manner using phenomenological approach to understand the people's opinion from their own viewpoint. It was etno-methodology that analyzes the community's viewpoint based on the original concept as expressed in their language.
Selections of samples are done with purposive sampling and the data are collected through an in-depth interview, direct participation and observation in the site. Data of the cover vegetation is investigated in the field through the micro landscape (home yard), the meso landscape (settlement landscape) and macro landscape (regional landscape). The cover vegetations of the home yard and the settlement landscape are gained through inventory. investigation of the regional landscape (macro landscape)is conducted through inventory of cover vegetations by tracking the ?kiasiran? in the hills. Recording of data of plants in each klasiran is done by grouping them into trees, bushes or clumps, herbs and liana together with their local and botanical names.
Data analyzes is using a combination of descriptive-qualitative and quantitative analysis which then presented in three papers, consisting of: 1) the oommunity's value that base on understanding of the landscape, 2) the study of spatial and the cover vegetations, and 3) the management of plant diversity by the community of Bali Aga Tenganan Pegringsingan.
The result of this study demonstrate that the philosophy of life, religion and the local community wisdom of the Tenganan Pegringsingan people are the basis of their understanding of the landscape which formed by their cosmological concept. The landscape is the creation of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa /the supreme being that constitutes the space of living, the source of water, the protecting place and the place to perform vertical and horizontal relationship.
The pattern and the structures of home yard, the settlement and the region landscape are formed by the integration of the Dualism concept, cosmological system (?Tapak Dara") and ?Tri Hita Karana? concept.
The basis of the people management of landscape and plant diversity are rooted from their social religious life, their strong culture institution, and the role of ?Desa pekraman? (the village member) itself. All these are in line with the mission of the sustainable development concept that supports the conservation ideas."
