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Muhammad
"[ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini menjelaskan mengenai upaya pencapaian kemandirian pertahanan Indonesia untuk menjamin ketahanan nasional dalam bidang pasokan alpanhakam yang didukung oleh industri pertahanan dalam negeri yang dalam hal ini adalah PT Pindad. Sebagai salah satu BUMN industri pertahanan, PT Pindad merupakan salah satu pilar kedaulatan utama yang harus dilindungi dan diberikan dorongan oleh negara untuk dapat berkembang sehingga dapat meningkatkan ketahanan nasional dengan terjaminnya pasokan alat peralatan pertahanan dan keamanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa mengenai dukungan yang diberikan oleh PT Pindad pada pemenuhan kebutuhan dan modernisasi alpanhakam Indonesia dan upaya pengembangan Divisi Kendaraan Khusus PT Pindad dalam mengembangkan kapasitas dan produktivitas untuk memberikan kontribusi atas kebutuhan pasokan alpanhakam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mediskripsikan dan memperoleh pemahaman mengenai upaya PT Pindad dalam meningkatkan kapasitas dan produktivitas dalam upaya pencapaian kemandirian pertahanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara dan studi pustaka, informan wawancara ini terdiri dari 6 (enam) orang dari unsur PT Pindad, Kementerian Pertahanan, dan KKIP. Konsep dan teori yang digunakan yaitu konsep ketahanan nasional, konsep kemandirian industri pertahanan, konsep kompleks industrial militer (military-industrial complex), dan konsep pertahanan negara. Hasil penelitian adalah Indonesia saat ini perlu untuk melakukan peningkatan kuantitas dan modernisasi alpanhakam yang ada dalam rangka mencapai kekuatan pokok komponen utama dalam menyelenggarakan pertahanan negara, PT Pindad telah cukup memberikan kontribusi dalam pemenuhan alpanhakam melalui produk pertahanan dan keamanan yang dihasilkannya, produk pertahanan dan keamanan tersebut terdiri dari senjata, munisi, dan kendaraan khusus. Dalam upaya memberikan kontribusi pemenuhan alpanhakam, PT Pindad sebagaimana industri pertahanan di Indonesia pada umumnya mengalami permasalahan dalam bidang terbatasnya penguasaan teknologi, permodalan, dan kompetensi sumber daya manusia. Untuk mengatasi berbagai permasalahan tersebut, PT Pindad melakukan berbagai pembenahan diantaranya reorganisasi untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan produktivitas, melakukan kerja sama dengan luar negeri untuk meningkatkan penguasaan teknologi dan meningkatkan pemasaran, dan dukungan pemerintah melalui penanaman modal negara.

ABSTRACT
This research describes the efforts of Indonesia to achieve the independence on national defense in the field of defense equipment supply supported by the domestic defense industry which in this case is PT Pindad. As one of the state's owned defense industry, PT Pindad is one of the main pillars of sovereignty that should be protected and given a boost by the state to be able to evolve so as to increase national resilience by ensuring the supply of defense equipment and security. This research aims to analyze the support of PT Pindad on meeting the needs and modernization of Indonesian defense equipment, and the development efforts of Special Vehicle Division of PT Pindad in developing the capacity to contribute to the supply needs of defense equipment. This study uses descriptive qualitative method to describe and gain an understanding of the efforts of PT Pindad in improving capacity and productivity in achieving the independence of defense. This study uses interviews and literature, informant interviews consist of 6 (six) persons from the PT Pindad, the Ministry of Defense, and KKIP. Concepts and theories used the concept of national resilience, the concept of the independence of the defense industry, the concept of military industrial complex, and the concept of the state defense. Results of the research is PT Pindad has enough to contribute in fulfilling defense equipment through the defense and security products it produces, which consists of weapons, munitions, and special vehicles. In an effort to contribute to the fulfillment of defense equipment, PT Pindad as a defense industry in Indonesia in general has experienced limited mastery in the field of technology, capital, and human resource competencies. To overcome these problems, PT Pindad undertakes various improvements including reorganization to improve performance and productivity, cooperation with foreign countries to improve the mastery of technology and improve marketing, and support the government through the state capital investment., This research describes the efforts of Indonesia to achieve the independence on national defense in the field of defense equipment supply supported by the domestic defense industry which in this case is PT Pindad. As one of the state's owned defense industry, PT Pindad is one of the main pillars of sovereignty that should be protected and given a boost by the state to be able to evolve so as to increase national resilience by ensuring the supply of defense equipment and security. This research aims to analyze the support of PT Pindad on meeting the needs and modernization of Indonesian defense equipment, and the development efforts of Special Vehicle Division of PT Pindad in developing the capacity to contribute to the supply needs of defense equipment. This study uses descriptive qualitative method to describe and gain an understanding of the efforts of PT Pindad in improving capacity and productivity in achieving the independence of defense. This study uses interviews and literature, informant interviews consist of 6 (six) persons from the PT Pindad, the Ministry of Defense, and KKIP. Concepts and theories used the concept of national resilience, the concept of the independence of the defense industry, the concept of military industrial complex, and the concept of the state defense. Results of the research is PT Pindad has enough to contribute in fulfilling defense equipment through the defense and security products it produces, which consists of weapons, munitions, and special vehicles. In an effort to contribute to the fulfillment of defense equipment, PT Pindad as a defense industry in Indonesia in general has experienced limited mastery in the field of technology, capital, and human resource competencies. To overcome these problems, PT Pindad undertakes various improvements including reorganization to improve performance and productivity, cooperation with foreign countries to improve the mastery of technology and improve marketing, and support the government through the state capital investment.]"
[, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia], 2015
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fadel Muhammad
" ABSTRAK
Pada masa modern, pembangunan pangkalan militer di luar wilayah negaranya masih dilakukan oleh beberapa negara. Hal itu dilakukan sebagai bentuk perwujudan kerjasama pertahanan yang dilakukan antar negara ataupun organisasi internasional. Permasalahan yang kerap timbul ialah tentang penegakkan yurisdiksi kepada personel militer yang bertugas di pangkalan militer tersebut. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, dibentuklah perjanjian bilateral antara negara pihak yang salah satunya berfungsi untuk menentukan yurisdiksi yang berlaku terhadap suatu pelanggaran hukum. Namun demikian, tidak setaranya posisi negara saat pembentukan perjanjian tersebut mempengaruhi proses pemberlakuan yurisdiksi. Hal ini terjadi karena tidak adanya kesepakatan internasional mengenai perjanjian bilateral yang harus mengatur yurisdiksi tersebut. Oleh karenanya, perlu dibentuk model perjanjian bilateral tentang status personel yang disepakati secara internasional untuk memastikan keadilan dan kesamarataan posisi antara negara-negara yang terlibat dalam pembangunan pangkalan militer asing di suatu negara.
ABSTRACT In the modern era, the establishment of foreign military bases outside the of its teritory is still practiced by some states. The establishment itself is seen as a form of the embodiment of mutual defense that is being done between states or international organizations. The intermittent issue related to it is about the enforcement of jurisdiction toward the on duty military personnels in military bases. In order to cope with the issue, bilateral agreement between states is formed to determine the applicable jurisdiction when violation of the law happens. However, the unequal position between the states when the agreement is formed affects the practices of the enforcement of jurisdiction. The issue arises since there is no international apperception about which party that is able to assign the jurisdiction. Thereupon, the condition shows that it is required to form an internationally accepted model of bilateral agreement about the status of forces to ensure the equity and equality position between states involving in establishment of foreign military bases in one state. "
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2017
S63575
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Soedjono D.
Bandung: Karya Nusantara, 1978
341.72 SOE p
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Jakarta: Departemen Perdagangan dan Koperasi, 1975
334.02 IND u (1)
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Agung Karyanto
"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kondisi industri pertahanan nasional yang tertinggal dari industri pertahanan negara-negara di dunia, bahkan dengan negara yang terhitung muda dalam pengembangan industri tersebut, meskipun berbagai kebijakan telah diterbitkan. Kondisi tersebut memunculkan pertanyaan bagaimana implementasi kebijakan industri pertahanan Indonesia. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini memfokuskan pada industri pertahanan PT DI dalam mendukung  pertahanan udara tahun 2010 s/d 2015.  Empat pembahasan utama dalam penelitian yaitu: implementasi kebijakan sinkronisasi rencana kebutuhan dan rencana produksi, serta rencana induk industri pertahanan; pengadaan alat pertahanan; peningkatan kualitas produksi, perluasan usaha dan kapasitas produksi; serta penelitian dan pengembangan.

Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas teori:  implementasi kebijakan Meriles S. Grindle, strukturisasi Anthony Gidden, perlindungan industri J.S Mill, serta konflik dan konsensus Maswadi Rauf.  Teori implementasi kebijakan dan strukturisasi menjadi teori utama.  Sedangkan teori lainnya sebagai teori pendukung. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus.  Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara yang melibatkan empat belas informan dipilih dengan teknik purposive

Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa antara rencana kebutuhan alat pertahanan dan rencana produksi tidak sinkron, karena penyusunan rencana induk industri pertahanan tidak terjadi kesepakatan antara pemerintah dengan pengguna.  Implementasi pengadaan alat pertahanan yang diproduksi PT DI terjadi permasalahan berupa keterlambatan produksi. Sedangkan pengadaan dari luar negeri tidak melibatkan PT DI, baik melalui ToT, ofset maupun kandungan lokal.  Untuk peningkatan kualitas produksi dilakukan melalui penerbitan sertifikat kelaikan; perluasan usaha dan kapasitas produksi dilaksanakan dengan cara memberikan pinjaman modal usaha; dan kegiatan litbang PT DI mengandalkan kerja sama dengan pemerintah/lembaga lain.

Implikasi teoritis, yaitu teori implementasi kebijakan Grindle,  memperlihatkan tidak seluruh faktor pada variabel isi kebijakan dan lingkungan berpengaruh secara siknifikan terhadap impementasi kebijakan, disamping itu terdapat faktor lain yang berpengaruh secara sinifikan, namun tidak dijelaskan oleh teori Grindle. Teori strukturisasi Anthony Gidden, terdapat relevansi yang ditunjukkan, yakni tidak adanya perubahan implementasi meskipun struktur telah berubah. Hal tersebut ditemukan pada pengadaan alat pertahanan dari luar negeri. Teori perlindungan industri J.S Mill serta teori konflik dan konsensus Maswadi Rauf cukup relevan sebagai teori pendukung.


This research is motivated by the condition of the national defense industry that lags behind the defense industry of countries in the world, even with countries that are relatively young in developing the industry, even though various policies have been issued. This condition raises the question of how to implement Indonesia's defense industry policy. To answer this question, this study focuses on the defense industry of PT DI in supporting air defense in 2010 to 2015. The four main discussions in the research are: implementation of the policy of synchronizing demand plans and production plans, as well as the preparation of a master plan for the defense industry; procurement of defense equipment; improvement of production quality, expansion of business and production capacity; and research and development.

The theory used in this study consists of theories: implementation of Meriles S. Grindle's policies, Anthony Gidden's structuring, J.S Mill's industrial protection, and Maswadi Rauf's conflict and consensus. The theory of policy implementation and structuring is the main theory. While other theories as supporting theories. The research method uses qualitative methods through a case study approach. Data collection was carried out by means of observation and interviews involving faurteen informants selected by purposive technique.

This study found that the plan for the need for defense equipment and the production plan was out of sync, because the preparation of the master plan for the defense industry did not have an agreement between the government and the user. Implementation of the procurement of defense equipment produced by PT DI encountered problems in the form of production delays. Meanwhile, foreign procurement does not involve PT DI, either through ToT, offset or local content. To improve the quality of production, it is carried out through the issuance of a certificate of eligibility; expansion of business and production capacity is carried out by providing business capital loans; and PT DI's research and development activities rely on cooperation with the government/other institutions.

The theoretical implication, namely Grindle's theory of policy implementation, shows that not all factors in the policy content and environmental variables have a significant effect on policy implementation, besides that there are other factors that have a significant influence, but are not explained by Grindle's theory. Anthony Gidden's structuration theory, there is relevance that is shown, namely there is no change in implementation even though the structure has changed. This is found in the procurement of defense equipment from abroad. J.S Mill's industrial protection theory as well as Maswadi Rauf's conflict and consensus theory are quite relevant as supporting theories."

Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Mohadib
Jakarta: Biro humas settama lemhanas RI, 2018
321 JKLHN 35 (2018)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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