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"Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengolahan air Danau Kenanga dengan 2 titik pengambilan sampel yaitu 35 cm di bawah permukaan air dan 35 cm di atas dasar air. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kavitasi hidrodinamika dengan menggunakan injektor water jet. Dari hasil penelitian, posisi injektor di atas permukaan air lebih banyak menghasilkan radikal OH yaitu sebesar 7,19E-5 mol/L dibanding injektor di dalam air sebesar 4,69E-5 mol/L. Kavitasi water jet terbukti dapat mendisinfeksi bakteri gram negatif dengan tingkat keberhasilan 99,99% dan mecapai konsentrasi akhir 15 CFU/mL. Bakteri gram positif memiliki tingkat keberhasilan 99,99% dan mencapai konsentrasi akhir 47CFU/mL pada menit ke-50. Komponen lain seperti logam dalam air dapat disisihkan dengan tingkat keberhasilan pada mangan mencapai 50%, zink mencapai 99,67%, kalium mencapai 99,13%, magnesium mencapai 30,77%, dan kalsium mencapai 86,5%.

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There were two water sampling points of Kenanga Lake in this study, at 35 cm below the water surface and 35 cm above the bottom of the water. The method used was hydrodynamic cavitation using a water jet injector. The results showed that more OH radicals were produced with injector position on the surface of the water, which was equal to 7,19E-5 mol/L, compared to the position of water injector in the water which was produced 4,69E-5 mol/L of OH radical. It was proven that water jet cavitation can disinfect Gram-negative bacteria with a success rate of 99.99% and reach final concentration of 15 CFU/mL. It also had a success rate 99,99% on Gram-positive bacteria with a final concentration 47 CFU/mL after 50 minutes. Another components such as metals in the water can be eliminated with the success rate reaches 50% for manganese, 99.67% for zinc, 99.13% for potassium, 30.77% for magnesium, and 86.5% for calcium."

"ABSTRAKLarutan KI 2% digunakan sebagai larutan utama yang dioksidasi untukmenghasilkan iodine sebagai indikator terbentuknya agen pengoksidasi. Jumlahiodine yang terbentuk dianalisa melalui metode analisis titrasi iodometri. Kondisioperasi proses yang paling memengaruhi yakni besar lubang diameter dischargeinjektor dan laju alir sirkulasi. Semakin kecil diameter lubang, efektifitaspembentukan agen pengoksidasi semakin meningkat, pada diameter 4 mmmenghasilkan agen pengoksidasi sebesar 7,188 x 10-5 mol/L, diameter 5 mmmenghasilkan 6,563 x 10-5, dan diameter 6 mm menghasilkan 5,000 x 10-5.Semakin besar laju alir maka cavitation number semakin kecil sehingga proseskavitasi semakin efisien dan pembentukan agen pengoksidasi semakin optimum.

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ABSTRACT2% KI solution is used as the main solution is oxidized to produce iodine as anindicator of the establishment of oxidizing agents. Amount of iodine formed wasanalyzed by iodometric titration method. Operating conditions that most affect theprocess is the hole diameter of the discharge injector and the circulation flow rate.The smaller the diameter of the hole more effectiveness on the establishment ofoxidizing agents increases, the diameter of 4 mm produces oxidizing agents of7.188 x 10-5 mol / L, diameter 5 mm yield 6.563 x 10-5, and a diameter of 6 mmproduces 5.000 x 10-5. The greater the flow rate so that the smaller the cavitationnumber the more efficient the process of cavitation and the formation of theoptimum oxidizing agent."

"Air lindi IPAS 3 TPST Bantar Gebang merupakan air lindi dari zona penimbunan sampah yang telah ditutup dan berusia lebih dari 10 (sepuluh) tahun. Air lindi ini memiliki karakteristik stabil yang ditunjukkan dari rasio BOD5/COD yang rendah, pH cenderung basa, kandungan senyawa organik rekalsitran yang tinggi, kandungan ammonia yang tinggi, dan kandungan logam yang rendah. Pengolahan air lindi eksisiting di IPAS 3 belum efektif karena beberapa parameternya masih melebihi standar baku mutu yang ditetapkan Pemerintah, salah satunya parameter COD. Dalam tesis ini dibahas mengenai penggunaan proses kavitasi ozonasi untuk mendegradasi senyawa organik rekalsitran yang diindikasikan melalui penurunan konsentrasi COD dan peningkatan biodegradabilitas (rasio BOD5/COD) pada air lindi. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh kondisi pengolahan optimum pada pH 11, debit ozon 3 L/menit, dan waktu kontak 30 menit dengan persentase penurunaan COD sebesar 20,37% dan peningkatan BOD5 sebesar 52,06%. Rasio BOD5/COD meningkat 1,9 kali lipat dari 0,098 menjadi 0,188. Reaksi penyisihan senyawa organik rekalsitran diidentifikasi sebagai reaksi orde 2, dengan laju penyisihan COD (k) sebesar 5x10-8 M-1.s-1.

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Landfill leachate from Leachate Treatment Plant 3 TPST Bantar Gebang was produced from the landfill zone that has been closed and ages over 10 (ten) years. It has shown stable characteristics from its low BOD5/COD ratio, alkaline pH, high recalcitrant organic matter concentration, high ammonia concentration, and low metal concentration. Existing landfill leachate treatment has not been effective. Some parameter still exceeds the regulatory limit. This study was focused on the application of cavitation ozonation process to degrade recalcitrant organic matter which showed from a decrease in COD concentration indicator and increase in BOD5/COD ratio indicator. The optimum condition was obtained at pH 11, ozone discharge 3 L/minute, and contact time 30 minutes. COD removal was 20,37%. Increasing in BOD was 52,06%. BOD5/COD ratio increase 1,9 times from 0,098 to 0,188. COD removal reaction is identified as the second-order reaction, with the rate (k) 5x10-8 M-1.s-1."

"This collection is dedicated to the 70th jubilee of Yu. N. Savchenko, and presents experimental, theoretical, and numerical investigations written by an international group of well-known authors. The contributions solve very important problems of the high-speed hydrodynamics,such as supersonic motion in water, drag diminishing, dynamics and stability of supercavitating vehicles, water entry and hydrodynamic performances of hydrofoils, ventilated cavities after a disc and under the ship bottom. "

"Multi-phase flows are part of our natural environment such as tornadoes, typhoons, air and water pollution and volcanic activities as well as part of industrial technology such as power plants, combustion engines, propulsion systems, or chemical and biological industry. The industrial use of multi-phase systems requires analytical and numerical strategies for predicting their behavior. In its fourth extended edition the successful monograph package “Multiphase flow daynmics” contains theory, methods and practical experience for describing complex transient multi-phase processes in arbitrary geometrical configurations, providing a systematic presentation of the theory and practice of numerical multi-phase fluid dynamics.In the present first volume the local volume and time averaging is used to derive a complete set of conservation equations for three fluids each of them having multi components as constituents. Large parts of the book are devoted on the design of successful numerical methods for solving the obtained system of partial differential equations. Finally the analysis is repeated for boundary fitted curvilinear coordinate systems designing methods applicable for interconnected multi-blocks. "

"This Handbook provides readers with the current cutting edge of multiphase flow technology. It reviews the rapid development of multiphase flow technology, demonstrates the latest development of the technology, and showcase the very latest applications. It provides readers with comprehensive updated reference information covering theory, modelling and numerical methods, design and measurement, and new applications in multiphase flow systems.The Handbook consists of three parts or volumes:1. Theory: describes the fundamentals including the concepts and definitions of multiphase flows. Classifications of multiphase flows. Basic understanding of different length scales involved – micro/nano, meso and macro. Treatment of such flows by different solution frameworks.2. Modelling and Measurement: covers both classical and state-of the-art measurement and modelling approaches to resolve different classifications of multiphase flows.3. Applications: highlights the very latest applications of measurement and modelling approaches in tackling different classification of multiphase flows in a variety of natural, biological and industrial systems and different length scales."

"Multi-phase flows are part of our natural environment such as tornadoes, typhoons, air and water pollution and volcanic activities as well as part of industrial technology such as power plants, combustion engines, propulsion systems, or chemical and biological industry. The industrial use of multi-phase systems requires analytical and numerical strategies for predicting their behavior. .In its fourth extended edition the successful monograph package “Multiphase flow daynmics” contains theory, methods and practical experience for describing complex transient multi-phase processes in arbitrary geometrical configurations, providing a systematic presentation of the theory and practice of numerical multi-phase fluid dynamics. In the present second volume the methods for describing the mechanical interactions in multiphase dynamics are provided."