Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Indonesia dan Tasmania sama-sama menggunakan sistem Torrens dalam sistem pendaftaran tanahnya. Dalam pendaftaran tanah untuk pertama kali sertipikat merupakan tanda bukti kepemilikan hak atas tanahnya. Dengan adanya sertipikat dan buku tanah membuktikan bahwa sistem pendaftaran tanah di Indonesia dan Tasmania sama-sama menggunakan sistem Torrens. Walaupun Sistem Torrens diterapkan dalam sistem pendaftaran tanah untuk pertama kali di Indonesia dan Tasmania, namun dalam pelaksaannya sistem Torrens yang berlaku di Indonesia berbeda dengan sistem Torrens yang berlaku di Tasmania. Hal tersebut menimbulkan permasalahan yaitu bagaimana pengaturan sistem Torrens di Indonesia dan Tasmania dan apakah dengan diterbitkan sertipikat dalam pendaftaran tanah pertama kali memberi jaminan kepastian hukum bagi pemegang haknya. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian Normatif dengan data sekunder sebagai data hukum. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan sistem Torrens yang berlaku di Indonesia dan Tasmania mempunyai beberapa persamaan salah satunya adanya sertipikat dan buku tanah sebagai tanda bukti kepemilikan tanah. Tetapi walaupun sertipikat merupakan tanda bukti kepemilikan tanah hal ini belum tentu memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum bagi pemegang hak tersebut. Sistem publikasi yang digunakan masing-masing negara sangat mempengaruhi hal ini, dimana Indonesia menggunakan sistem publikasi negatif bertendensi positif sedangkan Tasmania menggunakan sistem publikasi positif. Di Indonesia sertipikat merupakan tanda bukti hak atas tanah yang bersifat kuat sedangkan di Tasmania sertipikat merupakan tanda bukti yang bersifat mutlak hal ini dapat dilihat dalam pengaturan hukum tanah di Indonesia yaitu UUPA, PP 24 Tahun 1997, PMNA/Kepala BPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 dan dalam pengaturan hukum tanah Tasmania yaitu Land Title Act 1980.

---

Indonesia and Tasmania alike use the Torrens system of land registration system. In initial land registration certificate is proof of ownership of their land rights. With the certificate and land book proves that the land registration system in Indonesia and Tasmania alike use the Torrens system. Although the Torrens system of land registration system applied for the first time in Indonesia and Tasmania, but the implementation is applicable Torrens system in Indonesia is different from the Torrens system prevailing in Tasmania. This raises the problem is how to setup the Torrens system in Indonesia and Tasmania and whether the certificate is published in the land registry first give legal certainty for rights holders. This writing method Normative study with secondary data as legal data. The data obtained were analyzed using a qualitative approach.

The results showed that the Torrens system settings that apply in Indonesia and Tasmania has some similarities among them their certificates and land book as proof of land ownership. But even if the certificate is proof of land ownership does not necessarily provide legal certainty for the rights holder. Publishing system used each country greatly affect this case, where the Indonesian system uses positive tendency negative publicity while Tasmania using the system of positive publicity. In Indonesia, the certificate is proof of land rights is strong, while in Tasmania certificate is proof of the absolute nature of this case can be seen in the legal regulation of land in Indonesia, UUPA, PP 24.1997, PMNA / Head of BPN No. 3 of 1997 and in Tasmania is the land law regulation the Land Title Act 1980."

"Summary: "Equity emerged as a powerful symbol of aspired redistribution in international relations. Operationally, it has had limited impact in the Westphalian system of nation states - except for maritime boundary delimitations. This book deals with the role of equity in international law, and offers a detailed case study on maritime boundary delimitation in the context of the enclosure movement in the law of the sea"

"Asas itikad baik merupakan salah satu asas yang dikenal dalam hukum perjanjian. Asas itikad baik dalam suatu perjanjian dikenal sejak masa hukum Romawi, dan terus berkembang hingga masa modern dan telah dicantumkan ke dalam berbagai unifikasi hukum perjanjian. Asas itikad baik berperan sebagai pemberi batasan dalam asas kebebasan berkontrak dan menjaga terlaksananya norma-norma keadilan dan kepatutan. Itikad baik harus tercermin dalam setiap tahapan perjanjian, mulai dari pembentukan, pelaksanaan, hingga pengakhiran perjanjian. Asas itikad baik berperan penting untuk menjaga perjanjian agar tetap berlangsung sesuai ketentuan yang telah disepakati dan sebagai jembatan atas permasalahan-permasalahan dalam perjanjian yang semakin berkembang. Dalam perkembangannya, asas itikad baik menjadikan asas kebebasan berkontrak saat ini bukanlah lagi kebebasan tanpa batas, melainkan menjadi paradigma kebebasan berkepatutan. Asas itikad baik memiliki kekuatan hukum dengan memberikan Hakim kekuatan untuk melakukan campur tangan ke dalam suatu perjanjian, bilamana perjanjian tersebut telah melanggar itikad baik. Dalam hal ini diperlukan pula tinjauan terhadap unsur-unsur yang menentukan bagaimana suatu asas itikad baik telah dilanggar. Di Indonesia, pengaturan itikad baik terdapat pada pasal 1338 ayat (3) KUH Perdata, namun, pengaturannya dalam KUH Perdata Indonesia masih sangat terbatas sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian. Selain di Indonesia, Itikad baik pun telah diakui sebagai hukum kebiasaan internasional yang terbukti dengan diakuinya asas itikad baik dalam Prinsip Hukum Kontrak Eropa dan Prinsip-Prinsip Kontrak Komersial Internasional UNIDROIT. Sehingga dalam hal ini, diperlukan suatu tinjauan perbandingan hukum terhadap asas itikad baik menurut Prinsip Hukum Kontrak Eropa dan Prinsip Kontrak Komersial Internasional UNIDROIT.

---

The principle of good faith is a well known principle in contract law. The principle of good faith in an agreement has been acknowledge since the era of Roman law and continue to evolve into modern law to be included in a variety of contractual clause. The principle of good faith take the role to constraints the principle of “freedom of contract” to be shifted towards the “appropriate freedom”. Good faith principle should be reflected in every stage of the agreement, ranging from the establishment, implementation, until the termination of the agreement. The principle of good faith plays an important role to keep the agreement in order, and nowadays has given the judge a power to intervene into a contract. In Indonesia, good faith principle set in article 1338 subsection (3) of the Indonesian Civil Code, however, the regulation of this principle in the Indonesia is still very limited which lead to uncertainty. Good faith principle has also been recognized as customary international law, which proven by its recognition in the Principles of European Contract Law and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts. Thus, in this case, there need an analysis of comparative law on the good faith principle in the Indonesian Civil Code, Principles of European Contract Law and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts."

"This thesis asks what is wrong with legal development in Indonesia? Adat law, forestry law and land law are used as primary vehicle of analysis, because adat law is the oldest form of law existing in Indonesia and is still widely followed especially among the rural population, still the majority of people in Indonesia. Statutes regarding forestry and land are the formal laws which have the most profound effect on adat law communities. The thesis finds, first, that formal law enforcement in Indonesia is disappointing and this has led to a popular mistrust of the formal legal system. Second, it finds most of the population are still unfamiliar with formal legal norms. This is the result of a clash between, on the one hand, the conceptual notions relied upon by Indonesian government in establishing the law (based on assumption that 'the people will follow the law'), and, on the other, those norms central to adat law ('the law will follow people's customs'). This fundamental conflict in grundnorm inevitably leads to disputes in connection with land, particularly in forest areas. These are made worse because rights are not properly enforced and dispute settlement procedures are ineffective. As a result the Indonesian land and forestry law regime is dysfunctional. This has adverse impacts on rural populations, especially adat law communities, in the sense that their land-related rights are weak, ignored or ineffective. The thesis recommends that the formal law-making process should be reformed to better adopt a key element of adat law-making process, that is, public acceptance, through improved consultation and public education. More specifically in relation to land and forestry law, the thesis recommends that formal law expressly acknowledge and protect adat communities and their adat land rights, especially, communal interests in land {ulayat rights). This should be done by new provisions that would: have binding force; allow formal registration of such interests; exclude adat forestland from the definition of state forestland; and acknowledge adat communities as legal persons."

"Reforma agraria yang dilaksanakan saat ini, masih difokuskan pada penataan struktur pemilikan dan penguasaan tanah, yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat yang mata pencaharian utamanya bergantung pada tanah, sedangkan perlindungan lingkungan hidup belum secara optimal dijadikan pertimbangan dan/atau tujuan dalam desain program dan kebijakannya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis bagaimana pelaksanaan reforma agraria di Indonesia dikaitkan dengan dampaknya terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat dan perlindungan lingkungan hidup, kemudian berdasarkan analisis tersebut akan dirumuskan redesain reforma agraria dalam rangka menyeimbangkan kepentingan kesejahteraan dan perlindungan lingkungan hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, normatif, historis, dan komparatif untuk menjawab permasalahan yang diajukan. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan, meskipun UUPA sudah mengakomodasi perlindungan lingkungan hidup, tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya masih difokuskan untuk kepentingan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat, sedangkan perlindungan lingkungan hidup belum menjadi pertimbangan dan tujuan pelaksanaan reforma agraria. Secara dampak, reforma agraria memiliki dampak positif dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Namun demikian, terhadap perlindungan lingkungan hidup, reforma agraria dapat berpotensi merusak ekosistem hutan, jika tidak dilakukan secara cermat dan hati-hati. Hal ini mengingat, saat ini, objek reforma agraria bertumpu pada kawasan hutan, baik yang dilakukan melalui TORA maupun perhutanan sosial, mencapai 16,8 juta hektar atau 77,4% dari total 21,7 juta hektar. Untuk itu, untuk menyeimbangkan kepentingan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan perlindungan lingkungan hidup, reforma agraria harus diredesain dengan: (a) mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai dan semangat UUPA dan Pancasila dalam perencanaan kebijakan dan programnya; (b) mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip perlindungan lingkungan hidup sebagaimana mandat TAP MPR IX/2001 dan UUPPLH dalam perencanaan kebijakan dan programnya; (c) memperkuat penataan ruang dalam reforma agraria dengan mengaplikasikan LUCIS; (d) memperkuat kelembagaan reforma agraria yang dipimpin langsung oleh presiden; dan (e) mengintegrasikan pendanaan reforma agraria melalui BPDLH untuk sinergi dalam perlindungan lingkungan hidup, sekaligus menjamin keberlanjutan pendanaannya.

---

The current agrarian reform is still focused on structuring land ownership, which is aimed to improve the standard of living of people whose main livelihoods depend on land, while environmental protection has not been optimally taken into consideration and/or objective in its design of programs and policies. This study aims to analyze the implementation of agrarian reform in Indonesia, and its impact on community welfare and environmental protection. Based on those analysis, this study will formulate agrarian reform redesign in order to balance the interests of community welfare and environmental protection. This study uses a conceptual, normative, historical, and comparative approach to answer the problems posed. The results of this study indicate that although the UUPA/Agrarian Act has accommodated environmental protection, but in its implementation is still focused on the interests of the economy and community welfare, while environmental protection has not become a consideration and/or objective of the agrarian reform. In terms of impact, agrarian reform has a positive impact in realizing community's welfare. However, with regard to environmental protection, agrarian reform can potentially damage forest ecosystems, if not carried out carefully. This is because, currently, the object of agrarian reform relies on forest areas, both through TORA and social forestry, reaching 16.8 million hectares or 77.4% of the total target of 21.7 million hectares. Therefore, to balance the interests of community welfare and environmental protection, agrarian reform must be redesigned by: (a) integrating the values and spirit of the UUPA and Pancasila in its policy and program; (b) integrating the principles of environmental protection as mandated by TAP MPR IX/2001 and UUPPLH in its policy and program; (c) strengthening spatial planning in agrarian reform by applying LUCIS; (d) strengthening agrarian reform institutions led directly by the president; and (e) integrating agrarian reform’ funding through BPDLH to synergies in environmental protection, as well as ensuring the sustainability of its funding."