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"Using panel data gathered from 16 regions of the Philippines for the period 2009–11, this paper investigates the relationship between tourism and crime. The findings of the study show that the relation between tourism and crime may largely depend on the characteristics of visitors and the types of crime. For all types of crime and their aggregate, no significant correlation between the crime rate (defined as the number of crime cases divided by population) and total tourist arrivals is found. However, a statistically significant positive relation is found between foreign tourism and robbery and theft cases as well as between overseas Filipino tourism and robbery. On the other hand, domestic tourism is not significantly correlated with any of the four types of crimes. These results, together with a strong evidence of the negative relationship between crime and the crime clearance efficiency, present much opportunity for policy intervention in order to minimize the crime externality of the country’s tourism-led development strategy."

"[ Abstract ] The relation of culture and development is complicated and multilayered. Inclusive development has been the national strategy of the government of President Benigno Aquino III. However, the role the culture is scarcely mentioned. This paper will try to contextualize development in Philippine history to further show the importance of national consciousness, ethnic cultures, indigenous cultures and modern culture,. This paper concludes that inclusive development of the Philippines will be achieved through glocalization, based on the creative reconstruction of cultures in and out of thePhilippines."

"Tesis ini membandingkan upaya penanggulangan terorisme di Singapura, Malaysia, Filipina, dan Indonesia pasca-serangan 9/11 untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor di tingkat negara yang menjadikan Indonesia target serangan teroris transnasional terbanyak di Asia Tenggara dalam satu dekade terakhir. Data mengenai penanggulangan terorisme di keempat negara dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan kerangka teori penggentaran. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa agar tidak secara default menjadi target serangan yang paling menarik, Indonesia perlu memperkuat instrumen tumpul penanggulangan terorismenya, terutama dalam hal kontrol perbatasan maritim, kontrol imigrasi, mitigasi dampak serangan, dan regulasi finansial, sembari memperbaiki instrumen tajamnya melalui revisi bersyarat UU Anti-Terorisme dan penguatan sistem penahanan serta pengawasan pasca-penahanan.

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This study compares post-9/11 counter-terrorism efforts in Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia to understand factors at the state level, which allows Indonesia to become the most attractive target of transnational terrorist attacks in Southeast Asia during the last decade. Data in this study are analyzed through the lens of deterrence theory using qualitative-comparative approach. This study suggests that in order to prevent Indonesia from becoming a default site for transnational terrorist attacks, it must strengthen its blunt counterterrorism instruments, especially with regards to maritime borders security, immigration control, impact mitigation, and financial regulation. Meanwhile, it must improve its sharp instrument, namely intelligence-driven law operation, by cautiously strengthening its anti-terrorism legislation and improving its detention and post-detention system."