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"Atlas of Histology: With Functional and Clinical Correlations is a brand-new atlas that provides students a practical and useful source of fundamental information concerning basic histology. Using a unique one-page layout, the book presents a complete visual impression in an integrated style: light and electron micrographic images of a tissue; a diagrammatic representation of the same tissue; and an example of how this tissue may be modified by a pathological process. The atlas includes introductory text with expanded figure legends and synopsis text along with illustrated tables and an abundance of color illustrations clearly labeled with their complete names--Provided by publisher."

"Take a simple approach to understanding the fundamentals with Wheater's Functional Histology. Offering concise text accompanied by hundreds of captions and images of histology slides, this best-selling textbook will equip you with all the must-know histology information you need to complete your courses and ace your exams. Recognize the microscopic structure of normal human tissues and how it relates to function with the help of over 900 high-quality histology images and illustrations.Master how to apply histology in a clinical context through coverage of common clinical conditions in each chapter.Access the entire contents online at Student Consult, including all of the images, a virtual histolab, and USMLE-style self-assessment questions and rationales."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Sejak tahun 1980 Divisi Gastroenterologi Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (IPD FKUI/RSCM) membuat kriteria derajat gastritis kronik berdasarkan gambaran esofagogastroduodenoskopi (EGD) adanya hiperemis dan erosi. Kriteria derajat gastritis kronik ini banyak digunakan di seluruh Indonesia namun kriteria tersebut belum pernah dilakukan uji diagnostik.Tujuan: Mendapatkan akurasi diagnostik derajat gastritis kronik berdasarkan pemeriksaan EGD dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan histopatologi.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik derajat gastritis kronik berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan EGD pada pasien yang memiliki indikasi, dibandingkan dengan gambaran histopatologi sebagai pemeriksaan baku emas yang dilakukan di Pusat Endoskopi Saluran Cerna (PESC) Divisi Gastroenterologi Departemen IPD FKUI/RSCM dari Oktober 2014 hingga Februari 2015. Uji diagnostik yang dilakukan ada 2 yaitu uji diagnostik gastritis sedang - ringan dan berat - sedang. Masing-masing uji diagnostik di atas, ditampilkan parameter-parameter uji diagnostik berupa sensitivitas (Se), spesifisitas (Sp), nilai duga positif (NDP), nilai duga negatif (NDN), serta rasio kemungkinan (RK) positif dan negatif. Seluruh parameter di atas menyertakan interval kepercayaan 95% (IK 95%).Hasil Penelitian: Dari 230 subjek didapatkan karateristik penelitian perempuan lebih banyak dari laki - laki dengan perbandingan 3:2, terdapat merata pada semua kelompok usia, DM 23%, hipertensi 36,5% dan infeksi H.pylori 2,6%. Hasil uji diagnostik gastritis ringan - sedang: Se 0.95 (IK 95% 0.87-0.98), Sp 0.96 (IK 95% 0.86-0.99), NDP 0.97 (IK 95% 0.89-0.99), NDN 0.94 (IK 95% 0.84-0.98), RK Positif 23.39 (IK 95% 6.09- 89.74) dan RK Negatif 0.05 (CI 95% 0.02-0.14). Hasil uji diagnostik gastritis sedang - berat: Sensitivitas 0.93 (IK 95% 0.82-0.98), Spesifisitas 0.94 (IK 95% 0.86-0.98), Nilai Duga Positif 0.91 (IK 95% 0.79-0.96), Nilai Duga Negatif 0.96 (IK 95% 0.88-0.99), Rasio Kemungkinan Positif 16.54 (IK 95% 6.32-43.28) dan Rasio Kemungkinan Negatif 0.05 (CI 95% 0.02-0.21).Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan EGD memiliki akurasi yang baik untuk menegakkan diagnosis derajat gastritis kronik.

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ABSTRACT

Background: Since 1980, Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine FKUI/RSCM had made a criteria for chronic gastritis grading based on hyperemic and erosion that are found in gastric?s mucosa based on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) examination. This criteria is used nationwide all over Indonesia but until now there is no diagnostic study for chronic gastritis grading based on EGD examination compare to histopathology examination as the gold standard.

Purpose: To get diagnostic accuracy of chronic gastritis grading based on EGD compared to histopathology.

Methods: This research is a diagnostic study about chronic gastritis grading by EGD from patients that had indication for, compared to histophatology as a gold standard in gastrointestinal endoscopy room Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine FKUI/RSCM from October 2014 to February 2015. There will be 2 diagnostic study, mild to moderate gastritis and severe to moderate gastritis diagnostic study. For every diagnostic study, the parameters that will be showed are Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp), Possitive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Possitive Likelihood Ratio and Negative Likelihood Ratio (NLR). The 95% confidence interval will be included.

Results: Of 230 subjects, there were more women than men with ratio 3:2, age didn?t affect the grading of chronic gastritis, type 2 diabetes was found in 23% patients, hypertension was found in 36,5% patients and H.pylori infection in only 2.6% patients. The results for mild to moderate gastritis : Sensitivity 0.95 (CI 95% 0.87-0.98), Specificity 0.96 (CI 95% 0.86-0.99), Possitive Predictive Value 0.97 (CI 95% 0.89- 0.99), Negative Predictive Value 0.94 (CI 95% 0.84-0.98), Possitive Likelihood Ratio 23.39 (CI 95% 6.09-89.74), and Negative Likelihood Ratio 0.05 (CI 95% 0.02-0.14). The results for moderate to severe gastritis : Sensitivity 0.93 (CI 95% 0.82-0.98), Specificity 0.94 (CI 95% 0.86-0.98), Possitive Predictive Value 0.91 (CI 95% 0.79-0.96), Negative Predictive Value 0.96 (CI 95% 0.88-0.99), Possitive Likelihood Ratio 16.54 (CI 95% 6.32-43.28), and Negative Likelihood Ratio 0.05 (CI 95% 0.02-0.21).

Conclusion: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy feature has good accuracy to diagnose the grading of chronic gastritis."

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Latar Belakang: Perdarahan masif merupakan komplikasi paling banyak pada kasus spektrum plasenta akreta. Penyebab perdarahan terutama tergantung dari derajat keparahan spektrum plasenta akreta yang dapat diprediksi dari USG dan secara klinis dibuktikan pada saat operasi. Meskipun banyak faktor yang memengaruhi jumlah perdarahan saat operasi, namun memprediksi jumlah perdarahan melalui jumlah aliran darah yang masuk ke uterus adalah suatu patut diperhatikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami hubungan volume flow arteri uterina dan iliaka interna terhadap perdarahan, temuan intraoperasi dan histopatologi pada kasus SPA.

Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan volume flow dan diameter arteri uterina dan iliaka  interna dengan perdarahan dan temuan intraoperasi serta histopatologi pada pasien spektrum plasenta akreta.

Metode: Sebuah studi cross-sectional dilakukan pada 31 wanita, yang secara klinis didiagnosis dengan SPA. Pengukuran volume flow dan diameter arteri uterina dan iliaka interna dilakukan dengan USG Doppler sebelum operasi dilakukan. Temuan intraoperasi dan hasil histopatologi dikategorikan sesuai kriteria klinis dan histopatologi FIGO. Jumlah perdarahan intraoperasi diukur dan dicatat. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 25.

Hasil: Dari 31 subjek penelitian didapatkan jumlah perdarahan intraoperasi sebanyak 1500 (1000-3000) mL. Sebagian besar tindakan yang dilakukan bersifat elektif (n=18^; 58,1%) dengan seksio sesarea diikuti oleh histerektomi sebanyak 19 kasus (61,3%). Temuan klinis intraoperasi yang paling sering ditemukan adalah kriteria klinis FIGO 1 sebanyak 15 kasus (48,4%). Hasil histopatologi terbanyak adalah kriteria histopatologi FIGO 2 sebanyak 19 kasus (61,3%).

Rerata volume flow Arteri Iliaka Interna (p=0,002) berkorelasi dengan jumlah perdarahan intraoperasi dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,525, sedangkan rerata volume flow Arteri Uterina tidak berkorelasi dengan jumlah perdarahan intraoperasi. Rerata diameter arteri uterina (p=0,034) berkorelasi positif dengan jumlah perdarahan intraoperasi dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,383. Hal ini menunjukkan semakin besar volume flow arteri Iliaka Interna, semakin besar jumlah perdarahan intraoperasi. Ditemukan bahwa rerata diameter arteri iliaka interna memiliki perbedaan secara statistik dengan temuan klinis intraoperatif (p=0,044). Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara rerata volume flow dan diameter arteri uterina dan arteri iliaka interna dengan hasil histopatologi.

Kesimpulan. Pengukuran volume flow arteri iliaka interna dan diameter arteri uterina dapat memberikan gambaran perkiraan jumlah perdarahan saat operasi kasus spektrum plasenta akreta.

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Background: Massive bleeding is the most common complication in cases of the placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). The cause of bleeding largely depends on the severity of the PAS, which can be predicted through ultrasound (USG) and clinically confirmed during surgery. Although many factors influence the amount of bleeding during surgery, predicting the amount of bleeding through the measurement of blood flow into the uterus is noteworthy. Therefore, this study aims to understand the relationship between the volume flow of the uterine and internal iliac arteries and bleeding, intraoperative findings, and histopathology in PAS cases.

Objective: To determine the Relationship between Volume Flow and Diameter of Uterine and Internal Iliac Arteries with Intraoperative Bleeding and Findings, as well as Histopathology in Patients with Placenta Accreta Spectrum.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 31 women clinically diagnosed with PAS. Measurement of volume flow and diameter of the uterine and internal iliac arteries was performed using Doppler ultrasound before surgery. Intraoperative findings and histopathological results were categorized according to clinical and FIGO histopathological criteria. The amount of intraoperative bleeding was measured and recorded. The data were then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.

Results: From 31 study subjects, the amount of intraoperative bleeding was found to be 1500 (1000-3000) mL. Most procedures were elective (n=18; 58.1%), with cesarean section followed by hysterectomy in 19 cases (61.3%). The most common intraoperative clinical finding was FIGO clinical criteria 1 in 15 cases (48.4%). The majority of histopathological results were FIGO histopathological criteria 2 in 19 cases (61.3%). The mean volume flow of the Internal Iliac Artery (p=0.002) correlated with the amount of intraoperative bleeding with a correlation coefficient of 0.525, while the mean volume flow of the Uterine Artery did not correlate with the amount of intraoperative bleeding. The mean diameter of the uterine artery (p=0.034) positively correlated with the amount of intraoperative bleeding with a correlation coefficient of 0.383. This indicates that the larger the volume flow of the Internal Iliac Artery, the greater the amount of intraoperative bleeding. It was found that the mean diameter of the internal iliac artery differed statistically with intraoperative clinical findings (p=0.044). No relationship was found between the mean volume flow and diameter of the uterine and internal iliac arteries with histopathological results.

Conclusion: Measurement of the volume flow of the internal iliac artery and the diameter of the uterine artery can provide an estimate of the amount of bleeding during surgery in cases of the placenta accreta spectrum."

"Latar Belakang: Dalam dekade terakhir, insidensi kanker usus halus telah meningkat lebih dari empat kali lipat. Insidensi ini diperkirakan akan terus meningkat akibat perubahan pola hidup. Terapi definitif dan utama saat ini adalah reseksi radikal segmen yang terserang kanker, dengan risiko yang cukup signifikan selama dan setelah terapi. Kemoterapi dan terapi neoadjuvan yang tersedia tidak menghasilkan efek yang diinginkan. Lunasin, peptida yang terkandung dalam kacang kedelai, dikenal dapat meningkatkan kesehatan sel secara epigenetik dan mengurangi inflamasi. Berangkat dari hal tersebut, ada kemungkinan bahwa ekstrak lunasin dapat menjadi terapi neoadjuvan yang efektif untuk kanker usus halus.Metode: Sebanyak 20 ekor mencit jenis Balb/c dibagi ke dalam empat kelompok. Semua mencit diinduksi dengan azoxymethane dan dextran sodium sulfat. Selama enam minggu setelahnya, mencit akan diberi ekstrak lunasin dalam konsentrasi yang berbeda (0, 20, 30, dan 40 mg/ kgBB). Delapan minggu setelah induksi, mencit akan dikorbankan. Sel usus halus mencit akan diproses dan diwarnai dengan hematoxyllin-eosin, kemudian jumlah hiperplasia, displasia, angiogenesis, fokus inflamasi, dan sel goblet akan diamati di bawah mikroskop.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam jumlah displasia (p=0,000) dan angiogenesis (p=0,009) dalam kelompok-kelompok dengan perlakuan yang berbeda. Namun, tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan dalam jumlah hyperplasia, fokus inflamasi, dan sel goblet di antara kelompok-kelompok dengan pemberian lunasin dengan konsentrasi berbeda.Kesimpulan : Pemberian ekstrak lunasin dapat meningkatkan hasil jumlah dysplasia dan angiogenesis secara non dose-dependent, namun tidak mempengaruhi faktor-faktor yang lain dalam proses karsinogenesis usus halus.

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Background : Within the last decade, incidence of small bowel cancer has increased by more than fourfold. It is predicted that due to shift in diet and lifestyle, the numbers of incidence will steadily rise. The primary and only definite therapy for small intestine cancer is radical segmental resection, which carries side effects and risks during and after surgery. At the moment, available chemotherapy and neoadjuvant therapy do not exert significant result. Lunasin, a novel peptide originated from soybean, is believed to promote cellular health epigenetically and reduce inflammation. Thus, there is possibility that the lunasin extract may come off as a new and effective adjuvant therapy for small intestine malignancies.

Method: A total of 20 Balb/c mice were divided into four groups. The mice were induced with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. For the next six weeks, each group was given different concentration of lunasin extract. After eight weeks since the induction, the mice were sacrificed and the small intestinal tissue was harvested and stained using hematoxyllin-eosin. After that, the amount of hyperplasia, dysplasia, angiogenesis, inflammatory foci, and goblet cells will be observed under the microscope.

Results: There is significant difference in the amount of dysplasia (p=0.000) and angiogenesis (p=0.009) among the groups that receive different concentrations of lunasin. However, there is no effect of lunasin administration to the amount of hyperplasia, inflammatory foci, and of goblet cells.

Conclusion: Non dose-dependent administration of lunasin extract improves dysplasia and angiogenesis, but not other factors in small intestine carcinogenesis."

"berkembang semakin masif setiap tahunnya dengan risiko komplikasi, di antaranya berupa kardiomiopati. Pengobatan tradisional berupa daun delima (Punica granatum) dapat menjadi alternatif bagi pengobatan konvensional diabetes mellitus. Tujuan: Mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun delima sebagai agen antihiperglikemik dan kardioprotektif.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 20 tikus Sprague dawley diabetes yang sebelumnya telah diinduksi menggunakan aloksan, dan 4 tikus normal. Tikus tersebut dikelompokkan dalam 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, dan 3 kelompok perlakuan yang masing-masing diberikan ekstrak dosis 200mg/kg berat badan (BB), 400 mg/kgBB, dan 600 mg/kgBB. Pengukuran gula darah puasa (GDP) dilakukan sebelum perlakuan dan setiap 4 hari selama perlakuan berlangsung, selama 16 hari. Setelah perlakuan, dilakukan uji histopatologi teknik pewarnaan hematoksilin-eosin terhadap jantung tikus. Hasil: Kelompok perlakuan dengan pemberian dosis ekstrak 400 mg/kgBB dan 600 mg/kgBB menunjukkan penurunan GDP tikus yang signifikan jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Dosis 600 mg/kgBB merupakan dosis yang dinilai paling efektif. Ujihistopatologi menunjukkan kardiomiopati pada kelompok kontrol negatif dan kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis 200 mg/kgBB dan 400 mg/kgBB, sementara kelompok normal, kontrol positif, dan perlakuan dengan dosis 600 mg/kgBB tidak menunjukkan kelainanspesifik. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun delima menunjukkan efek antihiperglikemik dan kardioprotektif melalui uji In Vivo. Dosis efektif esktrak daun delima adalah 600 mg/kgBB.Background: Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem that is developing massively every year with risks of complications, one of which is cardiomyopathy. Traditional remedies such as pomegranate (Punica granatum) leaf can be an alternative to conventional treatment of diabetes mellitus. Objective: To study the potential of pomegranate leaf extract as antihyperglycemic and cardioprotective agent.Methods: This research was done to 20 alloxan-induced diabetic rats and 4 normal rats. Those rats are grouped into 6 groups, which includes normal group, positive control group, negative control group, and 3 groups treated with the exctract by the dose of 200mg/kg body weight (BW), 400 mg/kgBW, and 600 mg/kgBW. Measurements of fasting blood sugar (FBS) were done before the treatment, and every 4 days during the 16 days the research was conducted. After the treatments were given, histopathology test ofhematoxylin-eosin staining was done to the hearts of the rats.Results: The groups treated with the 400 mg/kgBW and 600 mg/kgBW dose extract showed significant decreases in FBS compared to the negative control group. The 600 mg/kgBW dose is considered as the most effective dose. Histopathology evaluation showed cardiomyopathy in the negative control group and the groups treated with 200 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW extract, while the normal group, positive control group, and the group treated with 600 mg/kgBW extract showed no specific disorder. Conclusion: The pomegranate leaf extract showed antihyperglycemic and cardioprotective effect through In Vivo experiment. The effective dose of pomegranate leaf extract is 600 mg/kgBW."