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"Latar Belakang : Sejak diperkenalkan oleh Pena dan deVries, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) telah menjadi operasi standar pada tatalaksanan malformasi anorektal. Masalah kontinensia merupakan salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien-pasien malformasi anorektal. Saat ini tidak ditemukan kepustakaan Indonesia yang melakukan studi evaluasi fungsi kontinensia pasca tindakan PSARP dan kaitannya dengan usia saat operasi. Metode: Dilakukan penelitian cross sectional pada 40 pasien pasca PSARP di RSCM pada periode 1 Januari 2006 - 31 Desember 2012. Evaluasi fungsi kontinensia pasca PSARP menggunakan skoring Rintala dan uji statistik menggunakan SPSS 20. Hasil: Dari 40 pasien, 28 (70%) pasien perempuan dengan 26 pasien dengan fistel (17 rektovestibuler, 6 perineal, 2 rektovagina dan 1 kloaka. Pada pasien laki-laki 9 dengan fistel (7 rektouretra dan 2 perineal). Pada evaluasi kontinensia dengan skor Rintala didapatkan 47,5% pasien dengan kontinensia normal, dimana 73,7% diantaranya adalah pasien atresia ani letak rendah. Rata-rata Functional Outcome Score (FOS) adalah 16,17. Kesimpulan: Pasien PSARP di RSCM memiliki kemungkinan untuk mendapat fungsi kontinensia yang lebih baik. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara usia saat operasi dengan hasil kontinensia pasien.

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Background: Since introduced by Pena and deVries, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) has became standard operation for management of anorektal malformation. Continens problem is the one of factors that impact the quality of life who had anorektal malformations. Until now, there is no discovered about references in Indonesia which is doing evaluation study about continence function after PSRAP operation and the correlation between age at procedure and continence result.

Method: The study used cross sectional study in 40 patients who had post PSRAP operation in RSCM from 1 January 2006 – 31 Desember 2012. Performing evaluation of continence function of after PSRAP Operation was using the Rintala score and the statistic test was using SPSS 20.

Result: from 40 patients, there were 28 (70%) female patients with 26 patients had fistula (17 rectovestibular, 6 perineal, 2 rectovagina and 1 cloaca). In 9 male patients had fistula (7 rectouretra, 2 perineal). Based on evaluation of continens with using the Rintala score, there is 45,% patients with normal continens, which is 73,7% is the patient who had atresia ani low location. The average of Functional Outcome Score (FOS) is 16.17.

Conclusion: Patients who had PSRAP Operation in RSCM has probability to get better continence function. There is no significant correlation between age at operation and continence."

"Latar belakang: Duktus Arteriosus Persisten (DAP) adalah penyakit jantung bawaan yang paling umum terjadi pada bayi prematur. Penutupan DA spontan pada bayi prematur berhubungan langsung dengan maturitas lumen duktus dan sensitivitas DA terhadap kadar prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) dengan ukuran duktus arteriosus persisten (DAP) pada bayi prematur. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan metode pengukuran berulang atau repeatedmeasure pada bayi yang terdeteksi DAP pada hari ke 2-3 di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Rumah Sakit Fatmawati, Jakarta, dari bulan April-Mei 2014. Diagnosis DAP menggunakan ekokardiografi 2-D dan analisis kuantitatif kadar PGE2 menggunakan sistim immunoassay ELISA. Korelasi antara kadar PGE2 dengan diameter DA secara statistik dievaluasi menggunakan uji Korelasi Pearson. Hasilnya: Tiga puluh tiga bayi prematur {(UG rerata 31 (28-32) minggu, BL rerata 1360 (1000-1500) gram)} yang terdaftar pada penelitian ini. Hampir dua pertiga dari pasien adalah laki-laki. Hampir semua (30 dari 33) subyek mengalami penutupan spontan DA sebelum usia 10 hari. Rerata diameter DA adalah 2,9 (SD 0.5) mm dengan kecepatan maksimum aliran transduktal (DVmax) adalah 0,2 (SD 0,06) cm/detik dan rasio LA/Ao 1,5 (SD 0,2). Masing-masing rerata kadar PGE2 serum pada usia 2-3, 5-7, dan setelah 10 hari adalah 5238,6 (SD 1.225,2), 4178,2 (SD 1.534,5), dan 915,2, (SD 151,6) pg ml. Pada hari ke 2-3 kadar PGE2 serum berkorelasi dengan diameter DA (r = 0,667, p <0,001), tetapi tidak pada hari 5-7 (r = 0.292, p = 0,105) atau hari ke-10 (r = 0.041, p = 0,941). Kesimpulan: Ada korelasi positip yang kuat antara kadar PGE2 dengan diameter DA bayi prematur pada usia 2-3 hari, namun tidak ada korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar PGE2 dengan menetapnya DAP.

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Background: Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease most commonly occuring in premature infants. Spontaneous DA closure in premature infants has been suggested to be associated with the maturity of duct lumen and the sensitivity of DA to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

Objectives: To determine the correlation between the serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to the size of a persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants.

Methods: Observational study using repeated measures on premature infants with PDA detected at day 2-3 in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, from April-May 2014. Diagnosis of PDA using a 2-D echocardiography and the quantitative analysis of PGE2 levels using immunoassay ELISA system. The correlation between PGE2 level with DA diameter were statistically evaluated using the Pearson Correlation test.

Results: Thirty-three premature infants (median gestational age 31 (28-32) weeks of gestational age, median birth weight 1360 (1000-1500) grams) were enrolled. Almost two thirds of patients were male. Almost all (30 of 33) subjects had spontaneous closure of DA before the age of 10 days. Mean DA diameter was 2.9 (SD 0.5) mm with maximum flow velocity of 0.2 (SD 0.06) cm/sec and LA/Ao of 1.5 (SD 0.2). Mean levels of PGE2 at the age of 2-3, 5-7, and after 10 days were 5238.6 (SD 1225.2), 4178.2 (SD 1534.5), and 915.2 (SD 151.6) pg/ml, respectively. The level of PGE2 level at day 2-3 was correlated with DA diameter (r = 0.667, p < 0.001), but not at day 5-7 (r = 0.292, p = 0.105) or day 10 (r = 0.041, p = 0.941).

Conclusion: There is a quite strong correlation positive between the levels of PGE2 in DA diameter in preterm infants at 2-3 days of age, although the correlation between levels of PGE2 by the persistence of PDA was not significant."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pemberian minum dengan cawan dan sendok terhadap efektifitas minum bayi baru lahir. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi experimental post test-only non equivalent control group design dengan jumlah sampel 20 pada sampel kelompok cawan dan 20 pada kelompok sendok, teknik sampling menggunakan consecutive sampling. Hasil menunjukkan adanya perbedaan jumlah tumpahan (p=0,012), waktu yang dibutuhkan (p=0,000), volume yang dikonsumsi (p=0,012) dan efektifitas minum (p=0,000) pada α=0,05. Tidak ditemukan kejadian tersedak selama pemberian minum dengan cawan dan sendok. Selain itu cawan lebih efektif dibanding sendok dengan nilai rerata efektifitas minum adalah 0,32 ± 0,13 ml/detik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan bahwa cawan dapat digunakan secara aman sebagai metode alternatif pemberian minum pada bayi baru lahir yang bermasalah.

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The aims of this research was to identify the effectiveness of neonates?s feeding ability using spoon feeding compared with cup feeding. Quasi experimental post-test only non equivalent control group design was used as the research design, in which data were collected by consecutive sampling method. The sample of this research was 40 neonates, 20 neonates of them was feed using cup feeding and other 20 neonates was feed using spoon feeding. The result showed significant amount of breast feeding milk spilled out (p=0.012), time needed to feed (p=0.000), the volume of milk consumed (p=0.012), and feeding effectivity (p=0.000). It wasn?t found of aspiration cases while neonates feed with cup feeding and spoon feeding. Feeding neonates using cup feeding was more effective compared with spoon feeding (mean=0.32±0.13 seconds). It was recommended to use cup feeding as an alternative method to feed neonates with breastfeeding problems."

"Latar Belakang: Stenosis Spinal Lumbar (LSS) adalah kondisi yang umum pada populasi lanjut usia, ditandai dengan penyempitan kanal spinal atau foramen intervertebralis, yang mengarah pada kompresi akar saraf. Kondisi ini sering dikaitkan dengan nyeri punggung bawah, penyebab utama kecacatan dan penurunan kualitas hidup. Atrofi otot multifidus sering diamati pada pasien dengan LSS, berkontribusi pada ketidakstabilan dan nyeri di tulang belakang lumbar. Faktor-faktor seperti usia, obesitas, jenis pekerjaan, penggunaan korset, dan durasi penyakit telah dikaitkan dengan pengembangan atrofi otot multifidus.Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan di RSUD Pandanarang Boyolali, melibatkan 45 pasien dengan LSS berusia 50-70 tahun. Sampel purposif digunakan untuk memilih peserta berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi tertentu. Variabel seperti usia, pekerjaan, Indeks Massa Tubuh (BMI), penggunaan korset, dan durasi penyakit dianalisis. Studi ini mendapat persetujuan etik dari Komite Etik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, dan RSUD Pandan Arang Boyolali. Analisis statistik dan regresi logistik digunakan untuk menguji pengaruh faktor-faktor ini terhadap atrofi otot multifidus.Hasil: Studi ini mengidentifikasi obesitas (OR=65.02; p=0.001) dan usia di atas 60 tahun (OR=11.38; p=0.47) sebagai faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan atrofi otot multifidus pada pasien LSS. Jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, dan durasi penggunaan korset tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan atrofi otot (P> 0.05). Pasien berusia di atas 60 tahun menunjukkan risiko lebih tinggi mengalami atrofi otot multifidus.Kesimpulan: Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya mengatasi obesitas dan memantau pasien lanjut usia secara dekat untuk tanda-tanda atrofi otot multifidus dalam pengelolaan LSS. Kurangnya hubungan signifikan dengan jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, dan penggunaan korset menunjukkan bahwa intervensi harus terutama berfokus pada manajemen berat badan dan perubahan degeneratif terkait usia. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan ukuran sampel yang lebih besar direkomendasikan untuk mengevaluasi dampak intervensi yang ditargetkan pada pencegahan atrofi otot multifidus pada populasi pasien ini.

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Background : Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) is a prevalent condition in the elderly population, characterized by the narrowing of the spinal canal or intervertebral foramina, leading to nerve root compression. This condition is often associated with low back pain, a significant cause of disability and reduced quality of life. Multifidus muscle atrophy is frequently observed in patients with LSS, contributing to instability and pain in the lumbar spine. Factors such as age, obesity, occupation type, corset usage, and disease duration have been implicated in the development of multifidus muscle atrophy.

Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted at RSUD Pandanarang Boyolali, involving 45 patients with LSS aged 50-70 years. Purposive sampling was used to select participants based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Variables such as age, occupation, Body Mass Index (BMI), corset usage, and disease duration were analyzed. The study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, and RSUD Pandan Arang Boyolali. Statistical analysis and logistic regression were employed to examine the influence of these factors on multifidus muscle atrophy.

Results:The study identified obesity (OR=65.02; p=0.001) and age over 60 years (OR=11.38; p=0.47) as dominant factors associated with multifidus muscle atrophy in LSS patients. Gender, occupation, and duration of corset use did not show a significant relationship with muscle atrophy (p>0.05). Patients over 60 years of age exhibited a higher risk of developing multifidus muscle atrophy.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of addressing obesity and monitoring elderly patients closely for signs of multifidus muscle atrophy in the management of LSS. The lack of significant associations with gender, occupation, and corset usage suggests that interventions should primarily focus on weight management and age-related degenerative changes. Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to evaluate the impact of targeted interventions on preventing multifidus muscle atrophy in this patient population."

"Encompassing the entire spectrum of breast imaging and diagnostics, this acclaimed text provides a systematic and pragmatic guide for all clinicians involved in diagnosing breast disease. The new third edition has been fully updated to include advances in mammography, ultrasound, breast MRI, percutaneous interventions, and emerging technologies, with pros and cons and evidence-based approaches throughout. Special features of the third edition: Coverage of the field, with comprehensive sections on examination procedures and technical requirements; histologic, clinical, and radiologic appearance of a wide range of breast pathologies; results of international screening studies; and much more. Nearly 1,200 clear radiographic images showing normal findings, benign and malignant disorders, and post-traumatic, post-surgical, and post-therapeutic changes to the breast. Innovations in digital mammography, tomosynthesis, and computer assisted detection (CAD); new chapters on imaging of implants, lesions of uncertain malignant potential, developing technologies; and more. A systematic, highly reproducible methodology for detection, diagnosis, and assessment of findings. Easy-to-follow flowcharts for the diagnostic work-up of both typical and atypical cases. Written by world-renowned authorities with decades of clinical experience, this book provides a brilliant orientation to the multimodality diagnostic approach and therapeutic significance of breast imaging findings. It is an essential reference and board review for radiologists, residents and fellows, gynecologists, oncologists, surgeons, technologists, and any other interdisciplinary specialist working to improve outcomes in breast disease"

"Kanker masih menjadi salah satu penyakit paling umum dan mematikan yang dikenal manusia dari tahun ke tahun. Kanker payudara adalah yang paling umum dan juga memimpin dalam konteks kematian akibat kanker. Deteksi dini kanker sangat penting agar penanganan yang efektif dapat dilakukan saat kanker masih jinak dan pada stadium awal dengan peluang penyembuhan yang lebih tinggi. Kelebihan dari spektrum Terahertz memenuhi kebutuhan akan metode deteksi kanker yang aman namun tetap memberikan hasil pencitraan yang baik. Berbagai teknik pencitraan kanker telah dikembangkan untuk membuat sistem pencitraan terahertz, termasuk antena yang digunakan untuk sistem tersebut. Namun, masih sedikit penelitian yang mengkaji fenomena dan tantangan yang terjadi di bidang penelitian ini. Penelitian ini mempelajari fenomena perambatan gelombang terahertz pada objek kanker payudara dengan mensimulasikan beberapa variasi skema. Variasi seperti polarisasi, jarak, dan tepi jaringan dipertimbangkan dalam penelitian ini.  Variasi terbaik ditentukan dengan mempertimbangkan aspek kuantitif dan kualitatif hasil baik menggunakan sumber plane wave dan antena. Polarisasi terbaik adalah polarisasi xy dengan standar deviasi 7.519. Jarak sumber ke objek terbaik adalah 11.5 mm dengan standar deviasi 12.317. Jarak sensor ke objek terbaik adalah 0.5 mm dengan standar deviasi 10.966. Jarak sumber dan sensor ke objek terbaik adalah 11.5 mm dan 0.5 mm dengan standar deviasi 14.956. Tipe jaringan berpengaruh terhadap hasil pencitraan dimana material dengan konstanta dielektrik berbeda menghasilkan hasil berbeda secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan dan referensi bagi peneliti lain untuk menentukan spesifikasi terbaik saat membuat sistem pencitraan THz.

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Cancer is still one of the most common and lethal diseases known by humans throughout the years. Breast cancer is the most common one, which leads in terms of causes of cancer death. Early cancer detection is crucial so that effective treatment can be done when the cancer is still mild and in the early stages with higher chances of healing. The benefits of the Terahertz spectrum fulfill the need for a safe cancer detection method that still produces great imaging results. Various techniques for cancer imaging have been developed to create terahertz imaging systems, including an antenna used for the system. Still, there are only a few studies that investigated the phenomenon and challenges occurred in this field of research. This research studies the propagation phenomenon of terahertz wave on breast cancer object by simulating several scheme variation. Variation such as polarization, distance, and tissue type is considered in this study. The best variation is determined by considering qualitative and quantitative aspects, both using plane wave and antenna source. The best polarization is polarization xy with standard deviation of 7.519. The best distance between source to object is 11.5 mm with standard deviation of 12.317. The best distance between sensor to object is 0.5 mm with standard deviation of 10.966. The best distance between source and sensor to object is 11.5 mm and 0.5 mm with standard deviation of 14.956. Different types of tissue take effect to the imaging result where material with different dielectric constant results in different results quantitatively and qualitatively. This research can be used as a consideration and reference for other researchers to determine the best specification when creating a THz imaging system."