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"Education of the deaf has a proud heritage with regard to scholarship and professional education. This is exemplified by the longevity of the International Congress on Education of the Deaf, which was first held in 1878. Just as it was at the time of the first International Congress, diversity continues to be the norm within the population of deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) learners on many different levels. Given that diversity, the logic for the resolutions made at the 1880 Congress in Milan, which sought to proscribe the use of sign language in education of the deaf, is questioned. It is argued that then, as now, differentiated educational responses were required to accommodate the diverse characteristics of the population of DHH learners. Current research examining the factors associated with the variance in developmental outcomes for DHH learners is reviewed. It is concluded that professionals involved in the identification and education of DHH children should be no less skeptical today about suggestions that there should, or could, be any One True Path to seek language, communication, and educational outcomes for all deaf children."

"Keterbatasan fungsi indera pendengaran penyandang tunarungu menyebabkan munculnya budaya-budaya yang hanya dapat dirasakan oleh mereka. Dalam melangsungkan budayanya yang unik ini mereka membutuhkan ruang yang accessible layaknya penyandang difabel yang lain. Oleh karena itu, prinsip deaf space dihadirkan agar kebutuhan penyandang tunarungu dapat dipertimbangkan dalam perancangan ruang bangunan/urban. Prinsip deaf space dirumuskan oleh komunitas tunarungu di Gallaudet University, Amerika Serikat. Prinsip deaf space ini dibuat berdasarkan pengalaman dan kondisi yang berlaku pada komunitas tunarungu yang merancangnya, padahal komunitas tunarungu dapat mengalami perkembangan seiring berjalannya waktu. Salah satu bentuk perkembangan yang dialami komunitas ini adalah penggunaan alat bantu dengar dan perkembangan komunikasi verbal oleh pemanfaatan alat bantu dengar. Perkembangan yang dialami oleh komunitas ini dapat mempengaruhi kebutuhan ruangnya, sehingga prinsip deaf space ini juga harus disesuaikan dengan perkembangan tersebut. Pengetahuan tentang penyesuaian prinsip deaf space ini membuktikan bahwa pendekatan desain yang dibutuhkan oleh kedua tipe komunitas tunarungu tersebut sangat berbeda. Apabila pendekatan desain yang dibutuhkan oleh komunitas tunarungu yang berkomunikasi visual lebih berfokus pada pengoptimalan kualitas visual oleh bukaan, komunitas tunarungu yang berkomunikasi verbal lebih berfokus pada pengoptimalan kualitas akustik ruang.

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Their sense of hearing limitation causes the forming of cultures that can only be felt by their own community. In carrying out this unique culture they need an accessible space like the other difable. Therefore, deaf space is presented so deaf rsquo s needs can be considered in the building urban design.

Deaf space principle was formulated by Deaf community at Gallaudet University, USA. This principle is made based on experiences and conditions that apply to their own community, meanwhile Deaf community can evolve over time. One of the change that happened in Deaf community is the use of hearing aids and the development of verbal communication by it.

The development experienced by this community can affect their needs of space, so the deaf space principles is also need to be adapted with these developments. Knowledge on the adaptation of deaf space principle proves that design approach required by the two types of Deaf communities is very different. If the design approach required by the visual communicating community is more focused on optimizing the visual quality by the openings, the verbal communicating community is more focused on optimizing the acoustic quality of space."

"This notable book, describes each Toolkit instrument and the psychometric properties it measures. Presents detailed findings on test measures and relationships between skills. Discusses issues and challenges relating to visual representations of English, including fingerspelling and lipreading. Features a factor analysis of the Toolkit measures to identify underlying cognitive structures in deaf learners. Reviews trends in American Sign Language assessment."

"Background: health condition in children has remarkable effect on oral health. Audiotory limitation in deaf children makes them obtain less information, including information of oral and dental health. Most individuals with deafness have poor oral hygiene compared to that in normal children, making them more vulnerable to caries, particularly on mandibular permanent first molars, since these teeth erupted first, so that they have the longest presence within mouth. Objective: to identify the difference of the number of carious mandibular permanent first molars in deaf and non-deaf children. Methods: analytic observational study using cross-sectional approach from May to June 2009. Population comprised deaf and non-deaf students. Samples were taken using purposive sampling, resulting in 112 samples, each group comprised 56 samples. Materials: nierbecken, sonde, oral mirror, pinset, petri dish, 20% alcohol, cotton roll, cotton pelet, and aquadest. Data analysis was done using Chi-Square test. Result: The number of carious mandibular permanent first molars in deafness group was 24 teeth, while that in non-deafness group was 13 teeth. Chi-Square test revealed difference in the number of carious mandibular permanent first molars in children with deafness and non-deafness. Conclusion: There is difference in the number of carious mandibular permanent first molars in deaf and non-deaf children."