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"window glass is an essential component of most buildings but the transparancy of much glaass means it often goes unnoticed. modern window glass is almost invisible but historic glass usually has a tint or colour and variation in surface texture and thickness, all of which distort a transmitted (and reflected) image. this distortion contributes to the overall aesthetic quality of a historic building. it is important that any architectural conservation decisions, such as the retention and/or replacement of window glass, proceed from a possition of knowledge. The most important aspect of extant glazing is wheather or not it is original. this paper explores the use of a chemical analysis technique to determine the age of historic glass. "

"Skripsi ini membahas peran sketsa dalam tahapan merancang arsitektur terkait dengan penyajian pesan yang ingin disampaikan. Sketsa yang dibuat langsung menggunakan tangan dengan kualitas cepat dan bebas, merupakan salah satu representasi dan komunikasi ide arsitektur dalam proses perancangan. Sketsa merupakan proses berpikir visual terkait eksternalisasi mental image arsitek dalam penggagasan ide-ide arstekturnya. Ide arsitektur ini dieksternalisasi dalam perwujudan elemen visual yang ada pada sketsa. Hal ini berkaitan dengan potensi dan peranan sketsa yang mungkin digunakan dalam berbagai tahapan merancang.

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This study discusses about the role of sketches in architectural design process associated with the presentation of the idea. Sketches, drawing that are made directly by hand with fast and free qualities, is one of the representation and communication of architecture ideas in design process. Sketches are visual thinking process related to externalization of architect's mental image in initiating his her architectural ideas. The architectural idea is externalized in the embodiment of visual elements that exist in the sketch. It relates to the potential and role of sketches that may be used in various stages of architectural design."

"Disertasi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi ide arsitektur berbasis alam yang beranimasi (animated nature) sebagai suatu bentuk pemrograman arsitektur yang ekologis. Alam yang beranimasi yang digagas oleh Sadler (1830) menjadi landasan untuk mengungkap kehadiran arsitektur domestik, khususnya dalam keseharian masyarakat tradisional. Penelitian dalam disertasi ini mencoba mengkonstruksi pengetahuan pemrograman arsitektur berbasis alam yang beranimasi, dalam rangka mencari bentuk keterhubungan yang lebih baik antara arsitektur dan alam.Penelitian dalam disertasi ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus melalui penelusuran praktik spasial domestik terkait pangan pada keseharian Orang Suku Laut (OSL) di Air Bingkai, Kepulauan Riau. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi praktik keseharian secara makro melalui penelusuran rangkaian operasi spasial dan secara mikro melalui penelusuran pengaturan spasial dalam setiap operasi tersebut.Temuan penelitian ini mengungkap tiga aspek penting yang mengkonstruksi pengetahuan alam yang beranimasi, meliputi hubungan arsitektur dan alam yang dibangun berdasarkan animasi alam, ide domestisitas yang memiliki keterhubungan yang menerus dengan alam, dan pemrograman yang berbasis siklus alam. Melalui operasi bergerak dan bersinggah, ide domestik dalam alam yang beranimasi hadir melalui arsitektur yang berkelana dan terdistribusi, serta membentuk sebuah bentang domestik. Pemrograman arsitektur berbasis alam yang beranimasi tersusun dari variasi bentuk yang hadir secara silih berganti sebagai sebuah rangkaian adaptasi bertinggal. Pemrograman ini terwujud melalui mekanisme pengaturan berbagai obyek domestik dan elemen arsitektur secara adaptif dan fleksibel serta logika “shared resources” dalam penggunaan material. Dengan demikian, pemrograman arsitektur berbasis alam yang beranimasi menunjukkan potensinya sebagai bentuk arsitektur yang ekologis.

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This dissertation explores the idea of architectural programming based on animated nature, as an attempt to search for ecological architecture. The idea of animated nature by Sadler (1830) becomes arguably the basis of domestic architecture, especially in everyday life of traditional people. The research in this dissertation attempts to construct knowledge of architectural programming based on animated nature to find a better connection between architecture and nature.

The research in this dissertation was carried out qualitatively through a case study approach. It was conducted by exploring the domestic spatial practices related to food in the everyday of Orang Suku Laut in Air Bingkai, Riau Archipelago, at macro and micro levels. This research conducted the macro inquiry of spatial practice by tracing a series of spatial operations and the micro inquiry by scrutinising the spatial arrangements in each of these operations.

The findings of this study reveal three important aspects that construct the knowledge of architecture based on animated nature. It comprises the relationship between architecture and nature, which is constructed based on the animation of nature. This architecture suggests the idea of domestics as a continuous connectedness with nature and programming based on natural cycles. Through the operation of moving and mooring, the domestic architecture within the animated nature is demonstrated through architecture that wanders and is distributed, constructing a dynamic domestic scape. The architectural programming based on animated nature incorporates various forms that appear alternately and constitute a series of living adaptations. This programming is demonstrated through the mechanism of ordering domestic objects and architectural elements in an adaptive and flexible manner and the logic of "shared resources" in using the materials. The architectural programming based on animated nature reveals its potential as an ecological form of architecture."