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"[ABSTRAKMengacu pada studi empiris oleh G.E. Chortareas et al. (2012), penulismengestimasi perluasan dari model empiris original market power dan efficientstructure menggunakan kerangka data panel dinamis tidak seimbang. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis variabilitas NIM sektor perbankan di 16 negara dikawasan Asia-Pasifik (APAC) selama periode 2003-2012 dengan menggunakan2800 observasi data bank dan lintas negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapersistensi NIM di negara-negara berkembang lebih tinggi dibandingkan denganNIM di negara-negara maju. Selain itu, tingkat kapitalisasi bank terbuktimerupakan determinan yang mempengaruhi NIM di negara-negara berkembang,sedangkan di negara-negara maju NIM paling banyak dipengaruhi oleh risikolikuiditas bank.

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ABSTRACTFollowing in the footsteps of G.E. Chortareas et al. (2012) on the impact ofcompetition and efficiency on net interest margin (NIM) in Latin America banking,I estimated the extension of the original market power and efficient structureempirical model using an unbalanced dynamic panel data framework. This studyaims to analyze the variability of NIM of 16 banking sectors in the Asia-Pacific(APAC) region during the 2003-2012 period by using 2800 observations of banklevel and cross-countries data. The results show that the persistence of NIM inemerging countries is higher than NIM in the developed countries. In addition, thelevel of bank capitalization is shown to be a dominant determinant of NIM inemerging countries, whereas in developed countries NIM is most affected by thebank?s liquidity risk.;Following in the footsteps of G.E. Chortareas et al. (2012) on the impact ofcompetition and efficiency on net interest margin (NIM) in Latin America banking,I estimated the extension of the original market power and efficient structureempirical model using an unbalanced dynamic panel data framework. This studyaims to analyze the variability of NIM of 16 banking sectors in the Asia-Pacific(APAC) region during the 2003-2012 period by using 2800 observations of banklevel and cross-countries data. The results show that the persistence of NIM inemerging countries is higher than NIM in the developed countries. In addition, thelevel of bank capitalization is shown to be a dominant determinant of NIM inemerging countries, whereas in developed countries NIM is most affected by thebank?s liquidity risk.;Following in the footsteps of G.E. Chortareas et al. (2012) on the impact ofcompetition and efficiency on net interest margin (NIM) in Latin America banking,I estimated the extension of the original market power and efficient structureempirical model using an unbalanced dynamic panel data framework. This studyaims to analyze the variability of NIM of 16 banking sectors in the Asia-Pacific(APAC) region during the 2003-2012 period by using 2800 observations of banklevel and cross-countries data. The results show that the persistence of NIM inemerging countries is higher than NIM in the developed countries. In addition, thelevel of bank capitalization is shown to be a dominant determinant of NIM inemerging countries, whereas in developed countries NIM is most affected by thebank?s liquidity risk.;Following in the footsteps of G.E. Chortareas et al. (2012) on the impact ofcompetition and efficiency on net interest margin (NIM) in Latin America banking,I estimated the extension of the original market power and efficient structureempirical model using an unbalanced dynamic panel data framework. This studyaims to analyze the variability of NIM of 16 banking sectors in the Asia-Pacific(APAC) region during the 2003-2012 period by using 2800 observations of banklevel and cross-countries data. The results show that the persistence of NIM inemerging countries is higher than NIM in the developed countries. In addition, thelevel of bank capitalization is shown to be a dominant determinant of NIM inemerging countries, whereas in developed countries NIM is most affected by thebank’s liquidity risk., Following in the footsteps of G.E. Chortareas et al. (2012) on the impact ofcompetition and efficiency on net interest margin (NIM) in Latin America banking,I estimated the extension of the original market power and efficient structureempirical model using an unbalanced dynamic panel data framework. This studyaims to analyze the variability of NIM of 16 banking sectors in the Asia-Pacific(APAC) region during the 2003-2012 period by using 2800 observations of banklevel and cross-countries data. The results show that the persistence of NIM inemerging countries is higher than NIM in the developed countries. In addition, thelevel of bank capitalization is shown to be a dominant determinant of NIM inemerging countries, whereas in developed countries NIM is most affected by thebank’s liquidity risk.]"

"Indonesia merupakan lokasi yang menarik bagi investor asing, sehingga mendorong liberalisasi di sektor perbankan di Indonesia. ketika dominasi bank asing di Indonesia semakin menguat, ada banyak kecemasan terjadi di dalam negeri. Pertama, ada kecemasan bahwa masuknya bank milik asing dapat meningkatkan persaingan di industri perbankan domestik Indonesia. Kedua, masuknya bank asing yang dianggap terkait dengan kurangnya penyediaan kredit untuk usaha kecil dan menengah (UKM). Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki apakah masalah tersebut dapat dibenarkan atau tidak, dengan memanfaatkan pengalaman Indonesia dengan liberalisasi di sektor perbankan.

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Indonesia has become an interesting location for foreign investor, resulting in a fully liberalization of banking sector in Indonesia. While the domination of foreign banks in Indonesia become stronger, there has been much anxiety happening within the country. First, there is an anxiety that the entry of foreign-owned banks may increase the competition in Indonesia’s domestic banking industry. Second, foreign bank entry are thought to be associated with less provision of credit to small medium enterprises (SMEs). This paper aims to investigate whether the mentioned issues can be justified or not, by making use of Indonesian experiences with liberalization on its banking sector."

"Pelayanan yang diberikan bank adalah pemberian pinjaman. Layanan peminjaman membutuhkan uang kertas secara fisik. Untuk tujuan ini, bank menawarkan layanan keamanan untuk simpanan uang dan, dengan diperkenalkannya faktor inflasi, suku bunga. Bank yang dapat diakses oleh publik (di Selandia Baru) adalah bank swasta, sebuah bisnis. Oleh karena itu, tujuan utama suatu bank (swasta) adalah memperoleh keuntungan. Oleh karena itu, bank diatur oleh dua badan utama. Secara umum, badan-badan ini adalah Kementerian Keuangan (yang berasal dari pemerintah) dan Bank Sentral (yang independen dari pemerintah). Di Selandia Baru, kedua badan ini disebut Menteri Keuangan Selandia Baru dan Reserve Bank of New Zealand, disingkat RBNZ.

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The service that banks provide is lending. The service of lending requires actual paper money at hand. To this, banks offer the service of security for money deposits and, with the introduction of inflation as a factor, interest rates. Banks that are accessible to the public (in New Zealand) are private, a business. Therefore, the main objective of a bank (private ones) is to make profit. For this reason, banks are regulated by two main bodies. In general, these bodies are the (government derived) Ministry of Finance and (independent from the government) the Central Bank. In New Zealand, these two bodies are called the Minister of Finance of New Zealand and the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, shortened as RBNZ."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensi perbankan syariah dan konvensional pada periode sebelum dan setelah krisis serta mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat efisiensi selama periode penelitian. Dengan menggunakan metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), secara signifikan perbankan konvensional lebih efisien daripada perbankan syariah, baik sebelum maupun setelah krisis. Selanjutnya ditemukan juga bahwa pada perbankan syariah, ukuran bank, permodalan, dan tingkat risiko kredit secara signifikan mempengaruhi Overall Technical Efficiency (OTE). Sedangkan Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE) dipengaruhi oleh profitabilitas, ukuran bank, dan permodalan, sementara Scale Efficiency (SE) hanya dipengaruhi oleh ukuran bank dan risiko kredit. Pada perbankan konvensional Overall Technical Efficiency (OTE) secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh permodalan dan likuiditas. Selanjutnya Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE) dipengaruhi oleh tingkat profitabilitas, risiko kredit, dan likuiditas, sementara itu Scale Efficiency (SE) dipengaruhi oleh permodalan dan likuiditas.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to compare the efficiency of Islamic banks with conventional banks before and after global financial crisis and to know the determinants of the efficiency. By using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, the study finds that conventional banks are more efficient than Islamic banks over the observation periods. In addition, this study also finds that bank size, capitalization, and credit risk of Islamic banks are significantly influence Overall Technical Efficiency (OTE). Meanwhile Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE) is influenced by profitability, bank size, and capitalization. Scale Efficiency (SE) is influenced by bank size and credit risk. On the other hand, conventional banks? Overall Technical Efficiency (OTE) is significantly influenced by capitalization and liquidity. Furthermore, Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE) is influenced by profitability, credit risk, and liquidity. Scale Efficiency (SE) is influenced by capitalization and liquidity."

"Krisis keuangan global yang terjadi pada tahun 2008, berdampak pada industri perbankan syariah di Indonesia. yang terjadi dibelahan dunia termasuk di Indonesia, telah mengakibatkan berbagai lembaga keuangan global mengalami kerugian dan kebangkrutan. Salah satu sistem perbankan yang teruji dapat bertahan pada saat terjadinya krisis adalah perbankan syariah. Akan tetapi, dilihat dari pertumbuhan industri perbankan syariah pada indikator keuangan dan rasio keuangan cenderung melambat pada tahun 2014-2015. Dengan melambatnya perkembangan industri perbankan syariah maka penelitian ini akan melihat dampak assesment terhadap efisiensi perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan tingkat efisiensi perbankan syariah di Indonesia ketika krisis keuangan global dan sesudah krisis keuangan global bersifat fluktuatif. Bank Umum Syariah ketika krisis keuangan global lebih efisien dibanding sesudah krisis keuangan global. Penyebab inefisiensi yang harus diperbaiki fokus bisnisnya akibat terjadinya kekurangan dan kelebihan pada variabel input Dana Pihak Ketiga, Aset Tetap, dan Modal serta variabel output Pembiayaan dan Pendapatan operasional.

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Global financial crisis happened in 2008 had an effect on Islamic banking industry in Indonesia. The crisis had made different financial institutions suffered global losses and bankruptcy. One of the banking system that was tested and survived on that crisis was Islamic banking. However, judging from its development, the Islamic banking industry tended to slow down in the years 2014 2015. Based on this slow development of Islamic banking industry, this study will look at the impact of assessment on the efficiency of Islamic banking in Indonesia.The method used in measuring the efficiency of the method is non parametric Data Envelopment Analysis DEA.

The results of this study indicates that the overall level of efficiency of Islamic banking in Indonesia in and after the global financial crisis is fluctuating. Islamic Banks in the global financial crisis were more efficient than after the global financial crisis. The cause of inefficiency that had to be fixed due to the advantages and disadvantages of the input variables Deposits, Fixed Assets, and Capital and output variables Financing and Operating Income."

"ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh krisis keuangan global 2008 terhadap tingkat disiplin pasar di ASEAN-6, yang terdiri dari Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand, Filipina dan Vietnam. Selain itu, peneliti juga melakukan penelitian tambahan khusus untuk Indonesia. Variabel yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan struktur modal adalah pertumbuhan deposit bank, sementara tingkat risiko bank dijelaskan oleh ROA, rasio kredit terhadap aset dan rasio modal terhadap aset. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel yang meliputi sekitar 125 bank di ASEAN-6 dan Indonesia pada periode 2004-2013. Dengan menggunakan first-difference GMM, secara umum peneliti menemukan fakta bahwa krisis keuangan global 2008 memperlemah tingkat disiplin pasar di ASEAN-6 dan Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT

This research aims to examine the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis on market discipline in ASEAN-6, consist of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippine, Thailand and Vietnam. Moreover, the author also did additional research with data from Indonesia. The determinants that represent market discipline is banks’ deposit growth while the banks’ risks are represented by ROA, loans to total assets ratio and equity to total asset ratio. This research uses sample from around 125 banks in ASEAN-6 and Indonesia within the period of 2004-2013. By using first difference GMM, generally, the author found a fact that on average market discipline weakens after the 2008 global financial crisis in ASEAN-6 and Indonesia.

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"The global crisis has caused business world or corporations in Indonesia with difficulties in continuing their business activities which certainly influencing their inability to pay their bank loans. Restructuring as one method of bank loan recovery in case that the difficulty caused by equity factor. The restructuring method starts reviewing the company's equity condition, either equity in forms of short term loan or lease financing accompanied by rescheduling and reconditioning. With restructuring, Banks and borrowers are bound by clauses in special consensus written known as restructuring agreement."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kemungkinan terjadinya contagion risk dalam sektor perbankan Indonesia pada periode sebelum, selama, dan sesudah krisis keuangan global tahun 2007-2009, menggunakan metode Value-at-Risk dan conditional Value-at-Risk. Hasil estimasi dari penelitian ini mendukung adanya contagion risk pada sektor perbankan Indonesia, di mana risiko-risiko individual setiap bank dalam sampel menunjukkan kemungkinan menyebar ke sektor perbankan secara keseluruhan. Sehubungan dengan adanya kemungkinan contagion risk pada sektor perbankan Indonesia, ditemukan bahwa risiko terbesar dimiliki oleh bank-bank yang memiliki ukuran besar.

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This study aims to analyse the possibility of contagion risk in Indonesian banking sectore before, during, and after the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2009, using the Value-at-Risk and conditional Value-at-Risk methods. The estimated result from this study supports the existence of contagion risk in Indonesian banking sector, where the individual risks of each bank in the sample show a symptom of contagion after being assessed with the market value of the whole financial sector. With respect to the possibility of contagion risk in Indonesian banking sector, banks with biggest capital size appear to posses the biggest risks, as they contribute the most to the total assets of Indonesian banking sector."

"Pembangunan ekonomi sebuah Negara pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk mencapai kemakmuran masyarakat melalui pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi dan distribusi pendapatan yang merata. Salah satu lembaga keuangan yang memegang peran sentral dalam mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah lembaga yang disebut bank. Bank memiliki fungsi intermediasi. Fungsi ini adalah upaya maksimal Bank untuk menyalurkan dana yang dikumpulkannya dari masyarakat guna menggerakkan sektor ekonomi riil.Lembaga Bank dalam menjalankan fungsi intermediasi, tidak akan lepas dari apa yang disebut sistem perbankan. Sistem perbankan merupakan suatu sistem yang menyangkut tentang bank, mencakup kelembagaan, kegiatan usaha, serta cara dan proses melaksanakan kegiatan usahanya secara keseluruhan. Dalam menjalankan usahanya lembaga bank dapat menjadi bank gagal (failure bank). Kegagalan ini disebabkan disebabkan tata kelola usaha perbankan yang buruk, lemahnya aspek pengawasan serta adanya manipulasi (fraud) data baik keuangan maupun non keuangan. Kelahiran bank gagal ini dapat memberi dampak sistemik atau tidak berdampak sistemik pada sistem keuangan dan sistem ekonomi suatu Negara.Untuk menangani Bank gagal dalam sistem perbankan, dibutuhkan suatu sistem hukum yang kuat. Menurut Lawrence M. Friedman terdapat tiga pilar yang sangat penting dalam sistem hukum yang harus bersinergi, yaitu struktur hukum (structure), substansi hukum (substance) dan kultur/budaya hukum (culture). Selain memperhatikan apakah sistem hukum dalam menyelesaian masalah suatu bank gagal dalam sistem perbankan, sepatutnya kita pun harus memperhatikan aspek-aspek yang berhubungan dengan ekonomi makro dan ekonomi mikro. Aspek tersebut adalah aspek institusi keuangan, aspek pasar keuangan, aspek sistem pembayaran, aspek sektor riil dan aspek psikologi pasar.

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The main purpose of economic development in any country is surely to achieve and maintain societal prosperity through considerable economic growth and equitable income distribution. One particular financial institution holding a central role in supporting such economic growth is the institution referred as Bank. Banks hold the function of intermediation, to which refers to it's maximum effort and capacity to channel funds collected from a larger society to advance real economic sectors.In conducting this intermediation function, Banks are integrated from what is called the banking system. Banking system is a system that concerns everything relating to banks, including institutional aspects, business activities, as well as the manner and process of conducting its business activities as a whole. In conducting its business banking institution may face the threat of bank failure. This failure is caused due to the lack of good governance of the banking sector, poor supervision and manipulation (fraud) of data both financial and non financial. Bank failures can result systemic or non systemic impact upon the financial system and economic system of a country.To handle bank failures in the banking system, a strong and comprehensive legal system is imperative. According to Lawrence M. Friedman, there are three very important pillars in the legal system that must be synergistic, ie the legal structure, the substance of the law and legal culture. In addition to having a great consideration about the legal system in solving the problems of bank failures in the banking system, we should also pay close attention to the interrelated macroeconomic and microeconomic aspects that includes aspects of financial institution, financial markets, payment system, real sector and market psychology."