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"Dental record is one of the ways to identify human identity. Identification requires a system, which is able to recognize each human tooth automatically. Teeth and gums becomes an important issue be-cause they have a high similarity in a dental radiograph image. This similarity tends to influence the segmentation error. This paper proposes a new contrast enhancement by using parameter sigmoid transform to improve the segmentation accuracy. The five main steps are: 1) preprocessing to improve the image contrast using our proposed method, 2) teeth segmentation using horizontal and vertical in-tegral projection, 3) feature extraction, 4) teeth classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and 5) teeth numbering. Experimental results using our proposed method have an accuracy rate of 88% for classification and 73% for teeth numbering.

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Data rekaman gigi adalah salah satu cara untuk mengidentifikasi manusia. Pengidentifikasian membutuhkan sebuah sistem yang mampu mengenali tiap gigi secara otomatis. Intensitas gigi dan gusi yang hampir sama menjadi masalah utama pada citra dental radiographs karena dapat menga-kibatkan kesalahan dalam proses segmentasi. Pada paper ini diusulkan sebuah metode perbaikan kontras yang baru dengan menggunakan parameter sigmoid transform untuk meningkatkan keaku-ratan hasil segmentasi. Lima tahapan utama yaitu: 1) praproses untuk memperbaiki kontras gambar menggunakan metode yang diusulkan, 2) segmentasi gigi menggunakan horizontal dan vertical inte-gral projection, 3) ekstraksi fitur, 4) klasifikasi meggunakan Support Vector Machine (SVM) dan 5) penomoran gigi. Hasil eksperimen menggunakan metode yang diusulkan menunjukkan tingkat keaku-ratan hasil klasifikasi sebesar 88% dan penomoran gigi sebesar 73%."

"ContentsThe dental hygiene profession / Michele Leonardi Darby, Margaret M. Walsh -- Human needs theory and dental hygiene care / Margaret M. Walsh, Michele Leonardi Darby -- Health and health promotion / Laura Lee MacDonald -- Communication and behavioral change theories / Hope E. Oliver -- Cross-cultural practice / Devan Leonardi Darby, Michele Leonardi Darby -- The dental hygiene care environment / Marie Varley Gillis -- Infection control / Eve Cuny, Helene Bednarsh, Kathy J. Eklund -- Medical emergencies / Margaret M. Walsh -- Ergonomics / Lori J. Drummer -- Personal, dental, and health histories / Frieda Atherton Pickett -- Vital signs / Cara Miyasaki -- Pharmacologic history / Ann Eshenaur Spolarich -- Extraoral and intraoral clinical assessment / Margaret J. Fehrenbach -- Assessment of the dentition / Janice Pimlott, Joan D. Leakey -- Oral hygiene assessment : soft and hard deposits / Michele Leonardi Darby, Margaret M. Walsh -- Dental caries management by risk assessment / John D. B. Featherstone -- Periodontal and risk assessment / Susan Lynn Tolle -- Impact of periodontal infections on systemic health / Gary C. Armitage -- Dental hygiene diagnosis / Michele Leonardi Darby, Margaret M. Walsh -- Dental hygiene care plan and evaluation / Karen M. Palleschi -- Toothbrushing / Joanna Asadoorian -- Mechanical oral biofilm control : interdental and supplemental self-care devices / Deborah M. Lyle -- Dentifrices / France Lavoie, Nadia Dubreuil, Louise Bourassa -- Hand-activated instruments / Michele Leonardi Darby, Margaret M. Walsh -- Ultrasonic and sonic instrumentation / Kathleen O. Hodges -- Root morphology and instrumentation implications / Marilyn Beck, Lynn Bergstrom Bryan -- Management of extrinsic and intrinsic stains / Michele Leonardi Darby, Margaret M. Walsh -- Decision making related to nonsurgical periodontal therapy / Kathleen O. Hodges -- Chemotherapy for the control of periodontal diseases / Joanna Asadoorian -- Acute gingival and periodontal conditions, lesions of endodontic origin, and avulsed teeth / Birgitta Soder -- Caries management : fluoride, chlorhexidine, xylitol, and amorphous calcium phosphate therapies / Michele Leonardi Darby -- Pit and fissure sealants / Judy Yamamoto, Maureen E. Fannon -- Nutritional counseling / Lisa F. Harper Mallonee -- Tobacco cessation / Margaret M. Walsh, Kirsten A. Jarvi -- Impressions, study casts, and oral stents / Esther K. Andrews -- Restorative therapy / Lisa Ahmann -- Behavioral management of dental fear and anxiety / Margaret M. Walsh, Michele Leonardi Darby -- Dentinal hypersensitivity management / Juliana J. Kim, Dimitrios Karastathis -- Local anesthesia / Margaret M. Walsh, Michele Leonardi Darby -- Nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia / Margaret M. Walsh -- Persons with disabilities / Kathleen B. Muzzin -- Cardiovascular disease / Laura Mueller-Joseph -- Persons with diabetes mellitus / Deborah Bauman -- Oral care of persons with cancer / Joan M. Davis -- Persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection / Devan Leonardi Darby, Michele Leonardi Darby -- Persons with neurologic and sensory deficits / Dorothy J. Rowe, Brenda S. Kunz -- Persons with autoimmune diseases / Margaret M. Walsh -- Renal disease and organ transplantation / Cheryl Thomas -- Respiratory diseases / Joan Gugino Ellison -- Cognitively and developmentally challenged persons / Kelly M. Schultz, Michele Leonardi Darby -- Alcohol and substance abuse / Sandra Z. Zagar, Kathleen M. Schlotthauer -- Eating disorders / Laura Lee MacDonald -- Women's health and the health of their children / Maria Perno Goldie -- The older adult / Joan I. Gluch -- Persons with fixed and removable dentures / Bonnie J. Craig -- Orofacial clefts and fractured jaw / Joanna L. Harris -- Dental implant maintenance / Vivian L. Young-McDonald -- Persons with orthodontic appliances / Lee Ann Branscome Simmons -- Abuse and neglect / Inma LaCross -- Practice management / Harold A. Henson -- Career planning and professional development / Christine Hovliaras -- Legal and ethical decision making / Pamela Zarkowski."