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""The 11th Edition of Kaplan's Clinical Hypertension continues to integrate the latest basic science findings and clinical trial data to provide current, practical, evidence-based recommendations for treatment and prevention of all forms of hypertension. As in previous editions, abundant algorithms and flow charts are included to aid clinicians in decision-making."--Provided by publisher."

"[ABSTRAKPrevalensi dan mortalitas gagal ginjal kronis pada masyarakat urban di indonesia mengalamipeningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Penulisan karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis asuhankeperawatan dengan pendekatan Keperawatan Kesehatan Masyarakat Perkotaan pada areaKeperawatan Medikal Bedah pada klien dengan gagal ginjal kronis dengan komplikasi hipertensi.Perawat dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan melakukan tindakan preventif baik primer,sekunder, ataupun tersier. Masalah keperawatan yang ditemukan meliputi kelebihan volumecairan, penurunan curah jantung, nyeri akut, dan risiko perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhantubuh. Manajemen keperawatan terkait hipertensi yang dilakukan meliputi modifikasi gaya hidupmelalui diet, teknik relaksasi, dan aktivitas. Setelah dilakukan asuhan keperawatan pada pasiengagal ginjal kronis, terdapat penurunan nilai tekanan darah pasien meskipun belum mencapaitarget yang dianjurkan. Perawat dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan menggunakan pendekatankeperawatan kesehatan masyarakat perkotaan untuk dapat memperkirakan perilaku berisiko terkaitkomplikasi yang dapat terjadi, seperti hipertensi dan penyakit kardiovaskular lainnya, serta tingkatkepatuhan terhadap terapi yang diberikan. Asuhan keperawatan tersebut dilakukan gunamendukung upaya pencegahan komplikasi dan peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien dengan gagalginjal kronis.

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ABSTRACTThe prevalence and mortality of chronic renal failure in urban society in Indonesia has increasedfrom year to year. This paper aimed to analyze the nursing care with the approach of the UrbanPublic Health Nursing in the Medical Surgical Nursing setting in clients with chronic renal failurewith complication of hypertension. Nurses performed preventive action both primary, secondary,or tertiary. Various nursing problems were revealed including fluid volume excess, decreasedcardiac output, acute pain, and risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body. The application ofnursing management related hypertension included lifestyle modification, diet, relaxationtechniques, and activity. The result of implementation of nursing intervention to the patients,showed that there was a decrease in the patient's blood pressure despite not reaching therecommended targets. Nurses can provide nursing care using urban nursing health care approachto be able to estimate the risk behaviors of patients related complication that can happen, likehypertension,and other cardiovascular disease and the level of adherence to therapy. The nursingcare is done in order to support efforts to prevent complications and improve the quality of life ofpatients with chronic renal failure.;The prevalence and mortality of chronic renal failure in urban society in Indonesia has increasedfrom year to year. This paper aimed to analyze the nursing care with the approach of the UrbanPublic Health Nursing in the Medical Surgical Nursing setting in clients with chronic renal failurewith complication of hypertension. Nurses performed preventive action both primary, secondary,or tertiary. Various nursing problems were revealed including fluid volume excess, decreasedcardiac output, acute pain, and risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body. The application ofnursing management related hypertension included lifestyle modification, diet, relaxationtechniques, and activity. The result of implementation of nursing intervention to the patients,showed that there was a decrease in the patient's blood pressure despite not reaching therecommended targets. Nurses can provide nursing care using urban nursing health care approachto be able to estimate the risk behaviors of patients related complication that can happen, likehypertension,and other cardiovascular disease and the level of adherence to therapy. The nursingcare is done in order to support efforts to prevent complications and improve the quality of life ofpatients with chronic renal failure., The prevalence and mortality of chronic renal failure in urban society in Indonesia has increasedfrom year to year. This paper aimed to analyze the nursing care with the approach of the UrbanPublic Health Nursing in the Medical Surgical Nursing setting in clients with chronic renal failurewith complication of hypertension. Nurses performed preventive action both primary, secondary,or tertiary. Various nursing problems were revealed including fluid volume excess, decreasedcardiac output, acute pain, and risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body. The application ofnursing management related hypertension included lifestyle modification, diet, relaxationtechniques, and activity. The result of implementation of nursing intervention to the patients,showed that there was a decrease in the patient's blood pressure despite not reaching therecommended targets. Nurses can provide nursing care using urban nursing health care approachto be able to estimate the risk behaviors of patients related complication that can happen, likehypertension,and other cardiovascular disease and the level of adherence to therapy. The nursingcare is done in order to support efforts to prevent complications and improve the quality of life ofpatients with chronic renal failure.]"

"Latar Belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara bising yang disebabkan oleh pesawat terbang dengan tekanan darah. Metode: Penelitian nested case-control dilakukan pada penerbang Angkatan Udara Republik Indonesia yang melakukan pemeriksaan fisik tahunan di Lembaga Kesehatan Penerbangan dan Ruang Angkasa (LAKESPRA) Saryanto tahun 2003 ? 2008. Data yang diperoleh dari rekam medis berupa umur, jumlah jam terbang, jenis pesawat, kadar glukosa puasa dan kadar kholesterol darah, lingkaran pinggang, tinggi dan berat badan (Indeks Massa Tubuh), serta tekanan darah. Hasil: Dari 549 penerbang, ada 49 yang hipertensif, dengan tekanan sistolik ≥ 140 mmHg dan/atau tekanan diastolik ≥ 90 mmHg. Penerbang pesawat helikopter mempunyai risiko menderita hipertensi hampir 2 kali dibandingkan penerbang pesawat terbang biasa. Penerbang dengan jumlah jam terbang lebih dari 1400 jam mempunyai risiko menderita hipertensi lebih 2 kali dibandingkan penerbang dengan jumlah jam terbang ≤ 1400 jam. Kesimpulan: Jenis pesawat terbang, yang berkaitan dengan jenis bising yang terbangkit, mungkin merupakan faktor risiko hipertensi pada penerbang. Peningkatan jumlah jam terbang meningkatkan risiko hipertensi

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Background: To investigate the association between aircraft noise and blood pressure. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted on Indonesian Air Force pilots doing annual medical check-ups at the Saryanto Institute for Aviation and Aerospace Health (LAKESPRA) from 2003 ? 2008. The data extracted from medical records were age, total flight hours, type of aircraft, fasting blood glucose and cholesterol levels, waist circumference, height and weight (Body Mass Index), and blood pressure. Results: There were 549 pilots, 49 were found to be hypertensive, with SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg. Helicopters pilots were at an almost 2 fold risk of hypertension compared to pilots of the fixed wing aircrafts. Pilots with more than 1400 hours of flight had more than 2 fold risk of being hypertensive compared to those with 1400 flight hours or less. Conclusion: The type of aircraft, which is related to the noise generated, may be a risk factor for developing hypertension in pilots. Increased total flight hours also increased the risk of hypertension."

"Penggunaan obat yang menghambat sistem renin-angiotensin adalah salah satu cara efektif dalam mengintervensi patogenesis kelainan-kelainan kardiovaskular dan ginjal khususnya dalam terapi hipertensi. Ide untuk menhambat sistem renin pada muaranya dengan renin inhibitor telah dimulai sejak lebih dari 30 tahun yang lalu. Renin inhibitor menghambat perubahan angiotensinogen menjadi angiotensin, yang selanjutnya mengurangi pembentukan peptida aktif angiotensin II. Generasi pertama (enalkiren) dan generasi kedua (remikiren) dari renin inhibitor yang secara oral aktif, tidak pernah digunakan secara klinis karena rendahnya bioavailabilitas oral dan lemahnya aktivitas anti hipertensinya. Saat ini aliskiren, non-peptida renin inhibitor pertama yang secara oral aktif dari generasi ketiga telah melalui uji klinik di fase III dan telah disetujui oleh U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pada bulan Maret 2007. Obat ini merupakan renin inhibitor pertama dengan indikasi hipertensi di Indonesia, suatu obat dengan bioavailabilitas oral, spesifi sitas dan efi kasi yang lebih baik. Makalah ini membahas perkembangan serta aspek farmakologi dari aliskiren.

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AbstractThe use of drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system is one of the effective way to intervene in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and renal disorders, especially in hypertension treatment. The idea of blocking the renin system at its origin by renin inhibitor has existed for more than 30 years. Renin inhibitor supresses the covension of angiotensinogen into angiotensin, and further deacreases the generation of the active peptide angiotensin II. The first generation (enalkiren) and second generation (remikiren) of orally active renin inhibitors were never used clinically because of low bioavailability and weak blood pressure-lowering activity. At present, aliskiren is the fi rst non-peptide orally active renin inhibitor of the third generation to progress to phase III clinical trials and was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2007. Aliskiren becomes the fi rst renin inhibitor with indications for the treatment of hypertension in Indonesia, a compounds with improved oral bioavailability, specifi city and effi cacy. This review summarises the development of oral renin inhibitors, pharmacological aspects, with a focus on aliskiren. "