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"Negara Indonesia yang secara geografis terletak di wilayah ring of fire menjadikan wilayah yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari fenomena alam gempa bumi dan aktivitas gunung berapi. Apalagi didukung dengan teknologi bangunan yang digunakan pada bangunan di Indonesia yang belum tahan gempa. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk menerapkan pengetahuan konstruksi tahan gempa pada bangunan untuk meminimalkan kerugian dan memberikan keamanan lebih bagi penghuninya.Tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengetahui konstruksi yang digunakan di Kepulauan Nias dalam menghadapi gempa. Kepulauan Nias berada di daerah rawan gempa karena berada pada pertemuan 2 lempeng yaitu lempeng Indo- Australia dan lempeng Eurasia. Metode yang digunakan adalah membuktikan bahwa konstruksi yang digunakan pada arsitektur tradisional Kepulauan Nias mengikuti prinsip konstruksi tahan gempa berdasarkan pedoman Dinas Pekerjaan Umum SNI 03-1726-2002, Tata Cara Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa untuk Bangunan Gedung, dan RSNI T – 02 - 2003, Metode Perencanaan Konstruksi Kayu Indonesia adalah denah sederhana dan simetris, bahan bangunan harus seringan mungkin, sistem konstruksi yang memadai.Hasil yang ditemukan dalam tulisan ini adalah arsitektur tradisional Kepulauan Nias menggunakan sambungan tanpa paku dan pondasi umpak sehingga memiliki kelenturan terhadap gempa. Selain itu, denah persegi dan lonjong yang sederhana dan simetris, bahan ringan terdiri dari dinding kayu dan atap daun sagu, serta sistem konstruksi asli dan unik, yaitu kayu diagonal yang dikenal sebagai ndriwa, yang mengikat pilar vertikal dari rumah panggung agar lebih kokoh. Kesimpulannya, arsitektur tradisional di Kepulauan Nias telah memenuhi standar untuk dijadikan contoh konstruksi tahan gempa yang dapat meningkatkan ketahanan bangunan atau perumahan saat ini.

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The country of Indonesia, which is geographically located in the ring of fire, makes it an area that cannot be separated from natural phenomena of earthquakes and volcanic activity. Moreover, it is supported by the building technology used in Indonesian buildings that cannot yet withstand earthquakes. Therefore, it is very important to apply knowledge of earthquake-resistant construction in buildings to minimize losses and provide more security for the occupants.

This paper tries to find out the construction used in the Nias Islands in the face of earthquakes. The Nias Islands are located in an earthquake-prone area because they are located at the confluence of 2 plates, namely the Indo-Australian and the Eurasian plate. The method used is to prove that the construction used in the traditional architecture of the Nias Islands is following the principles of earthquake-resistant construction based on the guidelines of the Public Works Service SNI 03-1726-2002, Procedures for Planning Earthquake Resistance for Buildings, and RSNI T – 02 - 2003, Indonesian Timber Construction Planning Methods are simple and symmetrical plans, building materials must be as light as possible, adequate construction systems.

The results found in this paper are that the traditional architecture of the Nias Islands uses joints without nails and pedestal foundations (umpak) so that they have flexibility against earthquakes. In addition, the simple and symmetrical square and oval plans, the lightweight materials consist of wooden walls and sago leaf roofs, as well as the original and unique construction system, namely diagonal wood (bracing) known as ndriwa, which binds the vertical pillars of the stilt house to make it sturdier. In conclusion, traditional architecture in Nias Islands has met the standards to be used as examples of earthquake-resistant construction that can improve the resilience of current buildings or housing."

"Deficient construction quality is considered as one of the constraint operation and maintenance of irrigation systems. This can be avoided if the contract document of construction for new irrigation network entailed performance indicators that need to be achieved after the construction was completed. For this reason, Experimental Station for Irrigation and stakeholders have formulated output performance indicators based on ideal conditions that need to be accomplished in the development of new irrigation networks. This formulation of output performance indicators and assessment method was verified in 3 (three) Regional Irrigation (RI) namely Jengkol in West Java, Ciliman in Banten and Bekri in Lampung. The updated indicators are expected to be used as one of the guidelines in the development implementation and it is expected to be included in contract specification and is to serve as an evaluation tool of Preparation Operation and Maintenance."

"The book gives a detailed account of the damage, seismology and tectonics of the event and discusses earthquake prediction, seismic hazard and risk management, the creation and implementation of building codes, and new practices used in rescue, relief and reconstruction. It also offers a valuable new and uniquely Chinese perspective with many insights for future mitigation of earthquake risk. "

"The work presented in this thesis is divided two subjects. First, devoted to the behavior, mechanic model, simulation and analysis of plate tectonics under excitation force approximated. Approach of an Earthquake are assumptions on the nature of the rupture process, review the evidence for the essential importance of the flow under plate with the modes of deformations.

Earthquake is primarily a mechanical process which appears as genuire rupture of crust and the earth behaves as an elastic body during the short time span of the phenomena. The friction has probably a fundamental role in the mechanics of the earthquakes. Rock mechanicians consider an earthquake as a stick-slip event controlled by the friction properties of the fault.

During an earthquake, on the nature of the fault and on the effect of trapped fluids within the crust at seismogenic depth, fault zone head seismic waves are generated by a shear-dislocation source and then propagated through the modeled earth medium. Wave propagation theory is used to solve the problem at hand for wave motion response, which is found as the superposition of the mean and scattered wave response.

Second, devoted model of the wave propagation, an important modeling tool of fault zone properties at depth can be provided by accurate simulations of seismic fault zone head and trapped waves for realistic structures. Analytical solutions for seismic wave fields generated by double-couple sources at material discontinuities in plane-parallel structures. Extensive 2D studies of the dependency of fault zone wave motion on basic media properties and source receiver geometries show that there are significant trade offs between propagation distances along the structure, fault zone width, impedance contrasts, source location within.

And the most important applications of the theory of structural dynamics is in analyzing the response of the structures to ground shaking caused by an earthquake. The study for earthquake response of linear SDF systems to earthquake motions concerned the displacement, velocity and acceleration. Then we introduced the response spectrum concept, which is central to earthquake engineering, together with procedures to determine the peak response of systems directly from the response spectrum."