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"Pada skripsi ini dilakukan rancang bangun sistem embedded simulator surya yang dapat menguji kinerja sel surya berupa tegangan rangkaian terbuka (Voc), arus hubung singkat (Isc), fill factor (FF), karakteristik kurva I-V, daya keluaran (Pout) dan efisiensi. Sistem ini memiliki modul pengukur tegangan, arus, intensitas cahaya, dan temperatur yang dibangun dengan memanfaatkan komponen yang ekonomis. Sistem ini memiliki resolusi pengukuran Voc, Isc, intensitas cahaya, dan temperatur berturut-turut sebesar 0,244 mV, 1,21 µA, 1 lux, dan 0,1 °C. Sistem ini dilengkapi dengan perangkat lunak untuk pengendali simulator surya dan sebagai datalogger.

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This thesis presents a design and construction of the embedded system of solar simulator to test the performance of solar cell such as open circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), fill factor (FF), I-V curve characteristic, output power (Pout) and efficiency. This system has a measurement module of voltage, current, light intensity, and temperature built with cost effective materials. This system has a measurement resolution of 0,244 mV, 1,21 µA, 1 lux, and 0,1 °C for Voc, Isc, light intensity, and temperature, respectively. This embedded system has an included software for controlling solar simulator and datalogging."

"Quantitative information about solar radiation in agro-forestry system in Indonesia is relatively limited. To study the amount of solar radiation below forest trees stand, a survey based research was conducted from october 2002 to February 2003 in Central Java, Indonesia. The location of the survey were chosen based on the kinds of trees forests. They were Purwodadi (teak, mahogany and sonokeling production forest), Karanganyer- Purworejo (pines production forest) and Klaten (semolina and yucca as conservation forest). The decrease in the relative's Irradiation Fraction (RIF) under the trees was found realted to the increased of the tree aging, adjusted to the exponential decrease model (RIF=1.25e -0,18 x). The RIF under tree canopy was clearly explained by diameter on the breast height diameter of trunk (DBH) divided by the half of tree row spacing (2D/(X+Y) therefore the RIF was formulated as e 0.2829 (2D/(X+Y)."

"Penggunaan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya atau PLTS saat ini sedang berkembang pesat di dunia termasuk di Indonesia karena sifatnya yang ramah lingkungan tanpa mengeluarkan emisi gas rumah kaca. Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi elektronika daya berdampak pada meningkatnya penggunaan PLTS dan peralatan rumah tangga yang bersifat non-linear yang menggunakan teknologi inverter. Pada PLTS, inverter digunakan untuk mengubah listrik arus searah (direct current/DC) dari sinar matahari menjadi arus bolak-balik (alternating current/AC). Inverter biasanya memiliki kecepatan switching yang lebih tinggi dari 1 kHz, yang dapat menyebabkan distorsi bentuk gelombang pada keluaran daya AC, seperti harmonisa dan disturbansi pada rentang frekuensi 9-150 kHz. Distorsi ini dapat mempengaruhi kinerja peralatan itu sendiri maupun peralatan tetangga yang terhubung ke jaringan tenaga listrik yang sama. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menganalisis pengaruh berbagai jenis beban peralatan linear dan non-linear terhadap harmonisa dan disturbansi 9-150 kHz pada PLTS Atap on-grid melalui pengukuran dengan osiloskop berbasis komputer dan Power Quality Analyzer (PQA). Melalui analisis korelasi, penelitian juga mencari tahu hubungan harmonisa dengan disturbansi 9-150 kHz yang ditimbulkan pada sistem PLTS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara PLTS dengan beban non-linear meningkatkan harmonisa tegangan dan disturbansi 9-150 kHz. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa tegangan harmonisa dan tegangan disturbansi 9-150 kHz memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat pada saat PLTS dengan beban kapasitor dan peralatan non-linear.

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The usage of Photovoltaic (PV) energy system as a solar power plant has been growing rapidly in the world, because it is clean without emitting greenhouse gasses. The rapid development of power electronics technology has an impact in the development of PV system and the usage of non-linear household appliances that use inverter technology. In PV system, an inverter is used to convert direct current (DC) power from sunlight to alternating current (AC). Inverters usually have a switching rate higher than 1 kHz, which may cause waveform distortions and disturbances in AC power output, such as harmonics (< 2 kHz) and disturbance in the frequency range 9-150 kHz. These disturbances may affect the performance of equipment, as well as neighbor equipment connected to the same network. This research is focused on analyzing the effect of various types of linear and non-linear equipment loads to the harmonics and disturbance in frequency 9-150 kHz on the Grid-connected Rooftop PV System by conducting laboratory measurement using a computer-based oscilloscope and power quality analyzer. Through correlation analysis, research also finds out the relationship between the harmonics and the disturbances in frequency 9-150 kHz generated in the Rooftop PV System. The results show that the interaction between PV system and non-linear loads increased the harmonics voltage and disturbance 9-150 kHz. Correlation analysis shows that the harmonic voltage and the diturbance 9-150 kHz have a very strong relationship when the load of PV system is capacitor and non-linear equipment."

"Indonesia mengalami peningkatan konsumsi listrik karena pertumbuhan populasi. Sebagian besar listrik yang dihasilkan menggunakan sumber daya batubara. Muncul urgensi untuk mengembangkan Energi Baru dan Terbarukan (EBT) agar dampak dari emisi karbon tidak meningkat. Salah satu alternatif EBT yang hadir di Indonesia adalah tenaga surya, namun sayangnya masih memiliki adopsi yang rendah di Indonesia meskipun potensinya besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alternatif kebijakan dalam rangka meningkatkan adopsi rooftop PV untuk mengurangi emisi karbon. Melalui metode sistem dinamis, model dikonstruksi untuk menguji tiga alternatif kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan net metering merupakan kebijakan yang dapat memberikan stimulus paling baik pada rumah tangga untuk mengadopsi rooftop PV. Pada skenario kebijakan ini, jumlah rumah tangga yang mengadopsi rooftop PV adalah sebesar 5.346. Selain itu, kebijakan ini juga dapat menekan jumlah emisi paling besar, yakni adalah sebesar 1.037 juta kgCO.

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Indonesia experiences rapid increase in electricity consumption due to its increasing population. Coal is still become dominant contributor in Indonesias energy mix. The development of new and renewable energy becomes an important issue to reduce the carbon emission. One of the alternatives of new and renewable energy is solar photovoltaic. Unfortunately, the amount of adopters of this type of energy is still low, despite of its great potential. The aim of this research is to analyze policy alternatives to increase the adoption of rooftop PV in order to reduce carbon emission. System dynamics model is used to simulate three policies alternatives.

Result shows that net metering policies is the best alternative to be implemented, since its produces the highest result in terms of amount of household that adopts rooftop PV, which gives value 5.346 household. More than that, net metering acts as the best policy to gives the highest amount of avoided carbon emission (1.037 million kgC"

"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan sistem desalinasi air laut yang menggunakan energi surya berbasis Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC) di Sumba Tengah sebagai solusi atas tingginya permintaan air di wilayah tersebut. Tiga jenis sistem fotovoltaik (PV), yaitu off-grid, hybrid, dan on-grid, akan dievaluasi melalui serangkaian simulasi menggunakan perangkat lunak HOMER untuk mengoptimalkan aspek teknis dan ekonomi dari proyek ini. Konfigurasi hybrid ditemukan sebagai yang paling optimal karena memberikan keseimbangan terbaik antara biaya dan kinerja output listrik, dengan Net Present Cost (NPC) sebesar Rp5,7 miliar dan produksi listrik tahunan sebesar 126.335 kWh. Sistem hybrid juga menghasilkanLevelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) sebesar Rp807/kWh, sehingga sesuai dengan tarif listrik industri.

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This thesis aims at optimizing a sea water desalination system powered by solar energy which is based on Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC) in Central Sumba as a solution to the existing high demand of water in the area. Three types of photovoltaic (PV) systems, namely: off-grid, hybrid, and on-grid will be evaluated through a series of simulation using the software HOMER for the purpose of optimizing both technical and economic aspects of the project. The hybrid configuration is found to be the most optimal through better trade-offs between cost and electricity output performance with Net Present Cost (NPC) of Rp5,7 billion and annual electricity generation of 126.335 kWh. The hybrid system also provides the lowest Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) at Rp807/kWh, thus favoring industrial electricity tariffs."