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"The end of a nineteeth century witnessed paradox among the Chinese in colonial Java. On one hand, they were prospering economically, but were nonetheless held in contempt b the Dutch, encountered legal discrimination and faced challenges if they wanted to educate their childern in European schools. Their marginal position motivated them do their utmost to become "civilized subject", on a par with Europeans, but they were also inspired to reinvent their Chinese identity. This contribution will highlight role olayed by "enlightened" Chinese, the kaoem moeda bangsa Tjina. Central to this movement were the Chinese girl know to the public as bangsawan prampoewan (the noblewomen) who wrote letters the newspaper and creating a gendered public sphere. They also perfomed western classical music in public. Considering the inspirational impact of bangsawan prampoewan's enlightning achievements on non-Chinese women, it is appropriate to include them into the narrative of the history of the nation;s women;s movements."

"Skripsi ini membahas bagaimana persebaran dan hubungan pemukiman etnis Cina di Kawasan Medan pada akhir abad ke-19 sampai awal abad ke-20. Pada pemukiman dilihat bagaimana persamaan dan perbedaan karakteristik setiap situs pemukiman etnis Cina. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah merekonstruksi kebudayaan masa lalu etnis Cina di Medan. Selain itu, penelitian ini bertujuan khusus untuk mengetahui karakteristik setiap situs pemukiman etnis Cina.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode arkeologi pemukiman tingkat makro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persebaran situs-situs pemukiman etnis Cina menunjukkan pola linier di mana berkembang dari utara menuju pusat Kota Medan. Sementara itu, hubungan antarsitus berkaitan dengan faktor migrasi dan ekonomi.

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This undergraduate thesis is talk about distribution and relationship chinese settlement in Medan from the end of 19th century until early 20th century. This research is look at the similarities and differences between each site. General purpose is to reconstruction the culture of chinese in the past. Besides, the special purpose is to understand the characteristics of each site. Method that had been used is the archaeology of settlement in macro scale. The result is the distribution of chinese settlement in Medan shows that the pattern is linear. Meanwhile, the relationships between each site cause of migration and economy."