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"Peningkatan hubungan bilateral antara India dan China, salah satunya dilihat dari Peningkatan pesat nilai perdagangan bilateral dua dekade terakhir. Berbagai kesepakatan dalam kerjasama bersama antara India dan China semakin mendorong peningkatan nilai perdagangan kedua negara. Namun demikian, defisit perdagangan yang terus menerus dialami India dengan China menimbulkan berbagai pertanyaan, apakah kepentingan yang ingin dicapai India dari China. Saat ini, kepentingan ekonomi bukanlah tujuan dari India terhadap China, melainkan adanya kepentingan-kepentingan non ekonomi. Hal inilah yang kemudian penulis teliti dan analisis yang kemudian membawa peneliti dalam dua jawaban besar yakni, adanya kepentingan perdamaian India dengan China dan keinginan India untuk menggandeng China sebagai partner dalam tatanan sistem internasional.

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The rapidly deepening bilateral India-China relationship are viewed in rapidly bilateral trade value in last two decades. Many agreements in joint delcarations between India-China encourages increasing trade value of both countries. However, India trade deficit more and more greater makes some questions, what is the India?s interest toward China. Nowdays, economic interest is not the purpose of India, but non economic interest. This issue backgrounds make researcher has two big answers for this issue, first, India peace interest with China, second, The Importance of India to join with China in International system."

"Tesis ini meneliti mengenai adanya kepentingan strategis yang dimiliki oleh India dalam kontinuitas defisit perdagangan bilateral yang dilakukan India dengan Tiongkok, untuk mengetahui apakah power maximizer masih diterapkan oleh negara dalam hubungan internasional. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian eksplanatori dan data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan RRT memiliki faktor X dalam kepentingan strategis India, sehingga India mau untuk terus melanjutkan perdagangan bilateral dengan RRT meskipun terus mengalami defisit. Defisit perdagangan yang dialami India sebagai bentuk payment yang dilakukan India untuk melindungi kepentingan strategis yang merupakan turunan dari kepentingan pertahanan nasional India.

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This thesis explains about India?s strategic interests in the continuity of bilateral trade deficit India-PRC, and also to determine whether the power maximizer is still used by the state in international relations or not. The research is explanatory research and the data that used in this research are secondary data.

The results showed RRT has the X factor in the strategic interests of India, that caused India wants to continue the bilateral trade with China despite continued deficit in bilateral trade. The trade deficit that India as a form of payment that is made to protect the strategic interests of India, which is derived from the Indian national defense purposes. "

"The PTA is a basic type of economic integration. Indonesia needs bilateral PTA with the other countries to minimize its market losses. FTA, if used strategically, can be a tool to enhance Indonesia?s competitiveness and economic growth. One of potential partner country for Indonesia is India, because India is the seventh biggest export destination and India as one of country which the fastest growing economies in the world. The focus of this study is to analyze the trade flow and trade potential between Indonesia and India then it examines the impact of tariff elimination as one of FFA condition toward export and import of selected commodities between Indonesia and India.From the trade flow and trade potential analysis, there are 42 product groups which have great potential to improve in Indian market. The products which have great potential are Mineral Fuels and Oils, Electrical Equipments, Ores, Slag and Ash, Machinery, Fats. Oils and Waxes. The Indonesian and Indian tariff has significant impact to trade between them. The tariff elimination simulation result show that commodity or product which have high percentage of increasing the export are Fats, Oils And Waxes (15), Mineral Fuels And Oils (27), and Ores, Slag And Ash (26).whereas, in increasing of import are Plastics & Plastic articles (39), Iron and steel (72), and Cotton (52). The general conclusion is FT A between Indonesia and India will give more gain to Indonesia than India, This is because of high tariff regime in India and low tariff regime in Indonesia. So, Indonesia was expected to gain more from the FTA than the India, at least for the first phase because of its much less tariffs compared to India.

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FTA merupakan salah satu bagian dasar dan integrasi ekonomi. Saat ini, Indonesia membutuhkan bilateral FTA dengan Negara lain untuk meminimalisasi hilangnya pasar. FTA, jika dilakukan dcngan strategi yang baik and terencana akan sangat berguna untuk meningkatkan daya saing dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Salah satu negara yang sangat potensial untuk membentuk kexjasama dengan Indonesia adalah India, karena India merupakan tujuh besar negara tujuan utama ekspor Indonesia dan India merupakan salah satu Negara dengan pertumbuhan ckonomi tercepat di dunia. Tujuan utama dari studi ini adalah pertama untuk menganalisa arus perdagangan antara Indonesia dan India, yang kemudian mencati produk dari Indonesia yang mempunyai potensi besar untuk di pcrdagangkan dengan India, kedua menganalisa faktor-fakor yang mcmpengaruhi arus perdagangan antara keduanya, kemudian memprediksikan kemungkinan keuntungan dan kerugian dari dampak penurunan tariff sebagai persyaratan utama dan sebuah kerjasama FTA.Berdasarkan hasil dari analisa perdagangan, terdapat 42 kelompok komoditi yang mempunyai potensi besar untuk di perdagangnkan dengan India. Kelompok komoditi tersebut diantaranya, Bahan akar Mineral, Mesin atau Peralatan Listrik, Ores, Biji Karak dan Abu Lngam, Machinery, Lemak dan Minyak Hcwan/Nabati. Sccara garis besar, FTA anlara Indonesia dan India akan membeiikan keuntungan lebih kepada Indonesia daripada India. Ini dikarenakan tingginya bca masuk yang dikenakan di India dibanding bea masuk di Indonesia yang relatif sudah kccil. Sehingga diharapkan dengan adanya kerjasama perdagangan antara Indonesia dan India akan membenkan keuntungan lcbih pada Indonesia, setidaknya pada jangka pendek di karenakan perbedaan tariff yang cukup tinggi dengan india."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas kepentingan ekonomi-politik AS di balik defisit perdagangan dengan China. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan konsep ekonomi-politik internasional dan interdependensi asimetris. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa defisit perdagangan dengan China adalah bagian dari kecendrungan global dan hubungan perdagangan AS dengan China merupakan hubungan yang menguntungkan. Hubungan perdagangan ini telahmemberikan peluang bagi AS untuk memperluas pasar serta keuntungan terkait status China sebagai strategic partner AS dalam upaya penyelesaian isu-isu bilateral.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis explores the political-economic interest of US in its trade deficit with China. This research using the concept of international political economy and asymmetrical interdependence. This research is qualitative descriptive interpretive. The result of this research showed that the trade deficit with China is a part of global trends and U.S. trade relations with China is profitable relationship. Trade relationship has provided an opportunity for the U.S. to expand markets and profits related to the status of China as US strategic partner in the effort to the completion bilateral issues."

"Tesis ini bertujan untuk mengetahui hubungan bilateral yang terjadi antara Indonesia dengan India, khususnya setelah adanya perjanjian kerjasama antara ASEAN dan India pada tahun 200 l. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan data time series dari tahun 1980-2006. Ruang lingkup penelitian kali ini difokuskan untuk menganalisis beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi hubungan perdagangan bilateral diantara keduanya yaitu GDP Indonesia, GDP India, Exchange Rate , tarif rata-rata barang-barang Indonesia di lndia, tarif untuk barang India di Indonesia, dan satu variabel dummy yaitu agreement antara ASEAN dan India dengan menggunakan metode Ordinary Leas/ Square (OLS).Berdasarkan penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan ODP sebagai proksi dari pendapatan India dan Indonesia mendorong pertumbuhan bilateral ekspor dan impor kedua negara. Penurunan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap rupee (depresiasi) akan mendorong pertumbuhan ekspor Indonesia ke India dan mengurangi pertumbuhan impor Indonesia dari India. Tarif berpengaruh negative terbadap pertumbuhan perdagangan antara Indonesia dan India. Sementara kerjasama yang dibentuk antara Indonesia dengan India mendorong peningkatan impor Indonesia dari lndii, namun tidak mendorong peningkatan ekspor Indonesia ke India.

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This study aims to investigate the bilateral trade relationship between Indonesia and India, especially after the signing of mutual agreement between ASEAN and India in 2001. This study focuses on time series data over the period 1980~2006. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) equation estimation is applied to investigate the bilateral trade relation between Indonesia and India. The variables used are GDP of Indonesia, GDP of India, Exchange Rate, common tariff of Indonesia and India, as well as one dummy variable which refers to the agreement of ASEAN and India.

Empirical results suggest that both of Indonesia's GDP and India's GDP 1 which are used as the proxy of national income, helps to promote bHateral trade between Indonesia and India. The depreciation of rupiah promotes export and reduces import. Common tariff has negative impact on the trade growth of Indonesia and India. The estimation also suggest that although a positive impact of agreement on indonesian import is found in the regression, but the estimation has confirmed the insignificant role of agreement in promoting Indonesian export."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi adanya perilaku herding secara keseluruhan, pada saat keadaan imbal hasil saham positif dan negatif, serta pada saat tingkat volatillitas tinggi dan rendah. Menggunakan data saham harian di negara BRICS (Brasil, Rusia, India, Cina, dan Afrika Selatan) pada tahun 1997-2017. Dengan melakukan penelitian mengenai perilaku herding yang ada di negara ini, diharapkan dapat membantu investor untuk melihat potensi risiko yang ada di negara tersebut. Menggunakan metode CSAD yang dikembangkan oleh Chang et al (2000), hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perilaku herding secara keseluruhan, pada saat keadaan imbal hasil positif dan negatif, serta pada tingkat volatilitas tinggi dan rendah di negara India, Cina, dan Afrika Selatan. Perilaku herding yang terjadi pada saat tingkat imbal hasil rendah dan tinggi menunjukkan bahwa investor cenderung merespon untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dibandingkan menghadapi kerugian investasi. Herding yang terjadi pada saat tingkat volatilitas rendah menunjukkan kurangnya informasi yang tersedia di dalam pasar, sehingga mengikuti keputusan investor melalui pergerakan harga saham menjadi salah satu pilihan keputusan investasi.

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to examine the existence herding behavior in BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) stocks market and asymetric herding behavior in 1997-2017 by using daily data of the stocks price. This research aims also to help the investors to know the potential risk in each BRICS countries as their reference to do the investment decisions. By using the CSAD method (Chang et al, 2000), the results shows that there is an existence of herding behavior in all period and asymetrically in India, China, and South Africa and mixed evidence in Brazil and Russia. Herding behavior occurs when the level of market return in positive and negative implies that the investors tend to response to the gain than facing the loss, that is why the investors tend to mimic other investors in order to save their value of the portoflio. When herding behavior occurs in high level of volatility it implies that the level of uncertainty in the countries are really high, so they tend to observe the market movement and mimic others. Herding behavior occurs in low level of volatility implies that there is insufficient information in the market so the investors ignore their prior information and tend to observe the big market movement as the references to their investment decisions."

"ABSTRACTThe research titled "Policies & reforms in the non-farm sector - a comparative study of india & china" aims to look at policies &reforms in the non-farm sector. It would look into the growth & role of the non-farm sector in the context of global food shortages &WTO deadloct in agricultural trade. It would also look at the aspect of corporatisation affecting the sector & the impact of marketing, technology, infrastructure &finance on its growth prospects. It would finally look at the form of governance structure along with the role of civil society groups / grass root institutions / NGOs & tr tpo decipher their role on the policy implementation in the non-farm sector. The study would be a comparative analysis of Indoa & China & all the above aspects would be looked atThe research seeks to examine the following-1. Whether the shift in the non-farm sector is beneficial & sustainable in the long run(especially in the context of global & domestic food shortages)Whether & to what extend has corporatism affected the functioning of the non-farm sector & its impact on small producers.3. Whether the form of government (democratic vs authoritaran) & the structure of governance affects policymaking & policy implementation & the need for governance reforms.4. To examine finally the changing roles of the state, private sector & civil society.MethodologyThe method used would be theoretical & analytical. The study would be based on primary & secondary sources. Primary sources would include interviews of policymakers, academicians, NGO workers etc. It would also include government reports, government annual plans, government surveys, annual reports of international organizations & non-government organizations etc. Secondary sources would include books, journals, magazines, newspapers & other relevant sources.ChapterizationThe study would be divided into the following chapters-The first chapter deals with Conceptual &Theoritical issues. The Chapter looks into the followingA) the importance of agriculture & the conflict between the availabilit of food & fuelsB) i) the issue of diversification & the non-farm sector - the definition of diversification, the causes of it & the cross country estimates & trends.ii) the positive effects & the shortcomings of diversification & the non-farm sectorC. The issue of agribusiness has been examined ( the definition & the reasons for its growth). The existebce & supermarkets has been observed critical questions raised about this emerging phenomenon.D) role of good govenance-state, private institutions & civil society institutions-each institution's role in promoting good governanceE) the reasons for comparing India & China.The second chapter examines the followingA) the history of agriculture (pre-reform) & the agrarian scene after the reform period till the present times.The research titled "Policies & reforms in the non-farm sector - a comparative study of india & china" aims to look at policies &reforms in the non-farm sector. It would look into the growth &role of the non-farm sector in the context of global food shortages &WTO deadloct in agricultural trade. It would also look at the aspect of corporatisation affecting the sector & the impact of marketing, technology, infrastructure &finance on its growth prospects. It would finally look at the form of governance structure along with the role of civil society groups / grass root institutions / NGOs & tr tpo decipher their role on the policy implementation in the non-farm sector. The study would be a comparative analysis of Indoa & China & all the above aspects would be looked atThe research seeks to examine the following-1. Whether the shift in the non-farm sector is beneficial & sustainable in the long run(especially in the context of global & domestic food shortages)Whether & to what extend has corporatism affected the functioning of the non-farm sector & its impact on small producers.3. Whether the form of government (democratic vs authoritaran) & the structure of governance affects policymaking & policy implementation & the need for governance reforms.4. To examine finally the changing roles of the state, private sector & civil society.MethodologyThe method used would be theoretical & analytical. The study would be based on primary & secondary sources. Primary sources would include interviews of policymakers, academicians, NGO workers etc. It would also include government reports, government annual plans, government surveys, annual reports of international organizations & non-government organizations etc. Secondary sources would include books, journals, magazines, newspapers & other relevant sources.ChapterizationThe study would be divided into the following chapters-The first chapter deals with Conceptual &Theoritical issues. The Chapter looks into the followingA) the importance of agriculture & the conflict between the availabilit of food & fuelsB) i) the issue of diversification & the non-farm sector - the definition of diversification, the causes of it & the cross country estimates & trends.ii) the positive effects & the shortcomings of diversification & the non-farm sectorC. The issue of agribusiness has been examined ( the definition & the reasons for its growth). The existebce & supermarkets has been observed critical questions raised about this emerging phenomenon.D) role of good govenance-state, private institutions & civil society institutions-each institution's role in promoting good governanceE) the reasons for comparing India & China.The second chapter examines the followingA) the history of agriculture (pre-reform) & the agrarian scene after the reform period till the present times.The research titled "Policies & reforms in the non-farm sector - a comparative study of india & china" aims to look at policies &reforms in the non-farm sector. It would look into the growth &role of the non-farm sector in the context of global food shortages &WTO deadloct in agricultural trade. It would also look at the aspect of corporatisation affecting the sector & the impact of marketing, technology, infrastructure &finance on its growth prospects. It would finally look at the form of governance structure along with the role of civil society groups / grass root institutions / NGOs & tr tpo decipher their role on the policy implementation in the non-farm sector. The study would be a comparative analysis of Indoa & China & all the above aspects would be looked atThe research seeks to examine the following-1. Whether the shift in the non-farm sector is beneficial & sustainable in the long run(especially in the context of global & domestic food shortages)Whether & to what extend has corporatism affected the functioning of the non-farm sector & its impact on small producers.3. Whether the form of government (democratic vs authoritaran) & the structure of governance affects policymaking & policy implementation & the need for governance reforms.4. To examine finally the changing roles of the state, private sector & civil society.MethodologyThe method used would be theoretical & analytical. The study would be based on primary & secondary sources. Primary sources would include interviews of policymakers, academicians, NGO workers etc. It would also include government reports, government annual plans, government surveys, annual reports of international organizations & non-government organizations etc. Secondary sources would include books, journals, magazines, newspapers & other relevant sources.ChapterizationThe study would be divided into the following chapters-The first chapter deals with Conceptual &Theoritical issues. The Chapter looks into the followingA) the importance of agriculture & the conflict between the availabilit of food & fuelsB) i) the issue of diversification & the non-farm sector - the definition of diversification, the causes of it & the cross country estimates & trends.ii) the positive effects & the shortcomings of diversification & the non-farm sectorC. The issue of agribusiness has been examined ( the definition & the reasons for its growth). The existebce & supermarkets has been observed critical questions raised about this emerging phenomenon.D) role of good govenance-state, private institutions & civil society institutions-each institution's role in promoting good governanceE) the reasons for comparing India & China.The second chapter examines the followingA) the history of agriculture (pre-reform) & the agrarian scene after the reform period till the present times.The research titled "Policies & reforms in the non-farm sector - a comparative study of india & china" aims to look at policies &reforms in the non-farm sector. It would look into the growth &role of the non-farm sector in the context of global food shortages &WTO deadloct in agricultural trade. It would also look at the aspect of corporatisation affecting the sector & the impact of marketing, technology, infrastructure &finance on its growth prospects. It would finally look at the form of governance structure along with the role of civil society groups / grass root institutions / NGOs & tr tpo decipher their role on the policy implementation in the non-farm sector. The study would be a comparative analysis of Indoa & China & all the above aspects would be looked atThe research seeks to examine the following-1. Whether the shift in the non-farm sector is beneficial & sustainable in the long run(especially in the context of global & domestic food shortages)Whether & to what extend has corporatism affected the functioning of the non-farm sector & its impact on small producers.3. Whether the form of government (democratic vs authoritaran) & the structure of governance affects policymaking & policy implementation & the need for governance reforms.4. To examine finally the changing roles of the state, private sector & civil society.MethodologyThe method used would be theoretical & analytical. The study would be based on primary & secondary sources. Primary sources would include interviews of policymakers, academicians, NGO workers etc. It would also include government reports, government annual plans, government surveys, annual reports of international organizations & non-government organizations etc. Secondary sources would include books, journals, magazines, newspapers & other relevant sources.ChapterizationThe study would be divided into the following chapters-The first chapter deals with Conceptual &Theoritical issues. The Chapter looks into the followingA) the importance of agriculture & the conflict between the availabilit of food & fuelsB) i) the issue of diversification & the non-farm sector - the definition of diversification, the causes of it & the cross country estimates & trends.ii) the positive effects & the shortcomings of diversification & the non-farm sectorC. The issue of agribusiness has been examined ( the definition & the reasons for its growth). The existebce & supermarkets has been observed critical questions raised about this emerging phenomenon.D) role of good govenance-state, private institutions & civil society institutions-each institution's role in promoting good governanceE) the reasons for comparing India & China.The second chapter examines the followingA) the history of agriculture (pre-reform) & the agrarian scene after the reform period till the present times.B) the non-farm sector & diversification-the role of it in the current scenario-its impact on poverty reduction, employment, environment, overall significance etc.C) the retail sector & its role in the country.D) the requirements for the growth of the non-farm sector & the significance of each of the variables & their current role in the economy (like land, credit, marketing, research & technology, environment etc).E) trade policy & WTO.All third chapter looks into the theoritical debate between democratic & authoritarian structures of governance. It also looks into the history & evolution of the character of the state in India & China. Finally, it sees the current strengths & weaknesses of the two states & their decision making structures agains the backdrop of globalization, corporatism & emerging waves of democratic upsurges.The fourth chapter looks at the role of civil society & grass root level institutions in India & China. These institutions have been making a lot of impact in creating consciousness among the people & in promoting democratic decision making. The chapter examines how the existebce of these institutions can influence the environment & the kind of decisions that the Central Government makes in the future in both the countries.The fifth chapter deals with the comparative analysis of India & China.Finally the sixth chapter deals with the conclution & the measures that need to be taken in the future."