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"Leadership is not about individuals; it is a complex, relational, socially co-constructed and emergent process. This book brings together the latest thinking from business and positive psychology research to provide new insights into leadership, organizational development and change."

"Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan urgensi keberadaan extraordinary measures dalam proses penanganan extraordinary crime korupsi. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif-eksplanatif untuk mengkaji tulisan ini. Data yang digunakan untuk menunjang ide argumentasi tulisan berasal dari kajian literatur dan kajian dokumen. Adapun konsep dan teori utama yang digunakan untuk membangun argumentasi dalam tulisan ini adalah konsep prisma kejahatan; white-collar crime; teori keadilan; teori proporsionalitas pemidanaan; dan teori hukum responsif. Hasil dari rumusan Karya Akhir ini menyatakan bahwa korupsi merupakan extraordinary crime yang memiliki dampak destruktif bagi masyarakat dan negara, namun dinyatakan sulit untuk diidentifikasi serta dalam proses penanganannya kerap kali mengalami inefektivitas hukum. Dalam hal ini, proses penghukuman bagi pelaku korupsi masih mengabaikan unsur proporsionalitas pemidanaan, sehingga vonis pemidanaan yang diberikan kepada para pelaku tidak lepas dari adanya disparitas. Berangkat dari permasalahan kerugian, sulitnya identifikasi dan inefektivitas penghukuman dalam perkara korupsi, maka jenis kejahatan ini membutuhkan prosedur penanganan yang luar biasa “extraordinary measures” guna memenuhi aspek proporsionalitas, keadilan bagi masyarakat, dan kondisi hukum yang lebih responsif. Extraordinary measures dalam tulisan ini dirumuskan dengan integrasi antara counter measures-pre judicial method dan aspek penghukuman post judicial method. Counter measures-pre judicial method terdiri dari whistleblowing system, beban pembuktian terbalik, dan keberadaan justice collaborator. Sementara itu, aspek penghukuman post judicial method merujuk pada konvergensi proporsional antara penjara, denda, ganti rugi dan perampasan aset, pencabutan hak politik, remisi, dan pembebasan bersyarat, serta pemberlakuan reintegrative shaming yang keseluruhannya dilakukan secara dinamis.

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This paper aims to explain the urgency of extraordinary measures in the process of handling extraordinary crime corruption. The author uses a descriptive-explanatory qualitative method to review this paper. The data used to support the idea of writing argumentation comes from literature review and document review. The main concepts and theories used to build the argumentation in this paper are the concept of crime prism; white-collar crime; justice theory; theory of proportionality of punishment; and responsive legal theory. The results of the formulation of this Final Paper state that corruption is an extraordinary crime that has a destructive impact on society and the state, but is declared difficult to identify and in the process of handling it often experiences legal ineffectiveness. In this case, the punishment process for perpetrators of corruption still ignores the element of proportionality of punishment, so that the sentences given to the perpetrators cannot be separated from the disparity. Departing from the problem of losses, the difficulty of identification and the ineffectiveness of punishment in corruption cases, this type of crime requires extraordinary handling procedures "extraordinary measures" to fulfill aspects of proportionality, justice for the community, and more responsive legal conditions. Extraordinary measures in this paper are formulated by integrating counter measures-pre judicial method and post judicial method punishment aspects. Counter measures-pre judicial method consists of whistleblowing system, reverse burden of proof, and the existence of justice collaborators. Meanwhile, the punishment aspect of the post judicial method refers to the proportional convergence between imprisonment, fines, compensation and asset forfeiture, deprivation of political rights, remission, and parole, as well as the implementation of reintegrative shaming, all of which are carried out dynamically.

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"This volume describes research supported by the John Templeton Foundations Positive Neuroscience Project, aimed at illuminating the neural mechanisms that promote human flourishing. The contributors and Project awardees include internationally renowned neuroscientists whose work has shaped and reshaped our understanding of human nature. Part I (Social Bonds) describes the mechanisms that enable humans to connect with one another. Part II (Altruism) focuses on the neural mechanisms underlying the human ability and willingness to confer costly benefits on others. Part III (Resilience and Creativity) examines the mechanisms by which human brains overcome adversity, create, and discover. Specific topics include a newly discovered nerve type that appears to be specialized for emotional communication, the effects of parenting on the male brain, how human altruism differs from that of other primates, the neural features of extraordinary altruists who have donated kidneys to strangers, and distinctive patterns of brain wiring that endow some people with exceptional musical abilities."

"In conveying his condolences to VR Nathan’s wife, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said that “as chairman of Hindu Endowments Board, VR Nathan had served the Indian community with distinction and unwavering commitment”. Lee also said that VR “had done much for inter-religious harmony in Singapore”. Soon after, Zainul Abidin Rasheed, then Senior Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, said in Parliament that he was “very amazed” when he saw at VR’s funeral leaders of different faiths paying their last respects and offering prayers."

"Performa tugas adalah fenomena yang penting untuk diteliti karena menjadi indikator penentu dari performa organisasi. Salah satu variabel yang diduga memengaruhi performa tugas adalah locus of control. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua studi. Studi 1 bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh locus of control para pegawai di Biro XYZ, salah satu biro di Institusi ABC, terhadap performa tugas mereka. Menggunakan teknik convenience sampling, sebanyak 42 orang pegawai pelaksana di Biro XYZ diberikan kuesioner Work Locus of Control (Spector, 1982). Selain itu, peneliti meminta 12 Kepala Sub-Bagian untuk melakukan penilaian Performa Tugas (Williams & Anderson, 1991) para pegawai pelaksana tersebut. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi sebesar r = -0.43. Oleh karena itu, terdapat korelasi sedang antarvariabel. Tanda negatif berarti semakin besar (semakin eksternal) locus of control, maka semakin rendah performa tugasnya, dan sebaliknya. Hasil uji regresi linier menunjukkan koefisien determinasi (R² = 0.19, p = 0.00). Variabel locus of control memiliki pengaruh sebesar 19% terhadap variabel performa tugas. Sisanya, yakni 81% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain di luar locus of control. Kemudian, dilanjutkan dengan studi 2 untuk mengetahui efektivitas program intervensi yang sesuai. Peneliti melakukan intervensi pelatihan positive expectancy untuk mengubah locus of control eksternal menjadi internal, guna meningkatkan performa tugas. Hasil perhitungan melalui uji nonparametris Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dengan adanya program intervensi pelatihan positive expectancy terhadap perubahan persepsi locus of control yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai z = -2.02, p = 0.04. Dengan demikian, program intervensi positive expectancy mampu mengubah persepsi responden terhadap locus of control dari eksternal menjadi internal. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini dan masukan bagi penelitian selanjutnya didiskusikan.

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Task performance research is necessary to do since it is an important determinant of organizational performance. One antecedent variable that affect task performance is locus of control. This research consist of two studies. Study 1 is aiming to determine the effects of locus of control to task performance on Biro XYZ Employee, one bureau in Institusi ABC. Using convenience sampling technique. 42 staff were given Work Locus of Control Questionnaire (Spector, 1982), and 12 supervisor were given Task Performance Questionnaire (Williams & Anderson, 1991) to assess their employee's performance. The result showed that locus of control was negatively related to task performance, with r = -0.43. It's considered a moderate correlation. The simple linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant effect of locus of control to task performance (R² = 0.19, p = 0.00. It means that locus of control affect task performance by 19%. Study 2 is aiming to determine the impact intervention program to develop internal locus of control, in order to improve the employee's task performance in Biro XYZ. Intervention program was developed in order to enhance employee's internal locus of control through positive expectancy training program. Based on Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, there was a significant difference after intervention program, with z = -2.02, p = 0.04. In summary, the given positive expectancy training can improve employee's locus of control from external to internal. The implications of the results and the modeling procedure for future personnel research are discussed."