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"Nowadays, the pursuance of sustainability obligates manufacturers to redesign products in order to reduce negative environmental impacts. However, only a few studies have simultaneously considered environmental sustainability and assemblability. To bridge this research gap, this study aimed to develop a redesign method based on modular product architecture. This method manages to support a sustainable product considering its materials, assembly sequence and line balance at initial design phase. This method begins with a current product analysis based on economic and environmental performances (i.e., total cost and CO2 emissions). Additionally, new materials and assembly methods are incorporated into redesigning a more sustainable product without compromising production performance. To ensure assemblability, the line balance of 60% is served as one of the constraints. This study applies the particle swarm optimization algorithm to calculate an optimal module organization along with assembly methods and assembly sequences. An air purifier case study is presented to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed method. As a result, the redesigned product can be more easily maintained during product usage and be recycled at the end of product life."

"ABSTRAKMikro-hidro merupakan sumber yang berharga bagi industri pedesaan dan rencanakelistrikan desa. Terdapat metode traditional untuk proses seluruh dunia danperanan yang besar modernisasi dan perkembangan industri di Indonesia. Sekarangmikro-hidro menawarkan potensi yang sama untuk negara-negara berkembangdengan aplikasi pada penerangan pedesaan, mekanisasi proses makanan, danpersediaan daya untuk aktivitas industri skala kecil. Oleh karena itu, denganmenggunakan pompa Grundfos tipe NK 40 - 160 yang berputar pada 1450 rpm danmemiliki efisiensi 0,684. Pompa tersebut mempunyai debit antara 8 dan22 serta menunjukkan penurunan head pada rentang tersebut yaitu dari 8,9 mmenjadi 5,3 m. Jika pompa tersebut dijadikan PAT maka daya PAT mempunyaiefisiensi 0,4. Jika pada rentang debit yang sama dan head-nya dinaikkan menjadi18,9 m maka daya PAT juga mengalami kenaikan. Untuk mendapatkan daya PATyang mendekati daya pompa maka head PAT juga harus dinaikkan menjadi 29,9 m.

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ABSTRACTMicro-hydro is a valuable source of energy for rural industries and villageelectrification schemes. It has been a traditional method of grain processingthroughout the world and played a major role in modernization and industriesdevelopment in Indonesia. Micro-hydro now offers similar potential to mostdeveloping countries, with application in village lighting, mechanized foodprocessing, and the supply of power to small-scale industries activities. Therefore ,by using Grundfos pumps type NK 40-160 which rotates at 1450 rpm and has a0.684 efficiency . The pump has a flow of between 8 and 22 and showeda decrease in head on the range is from 8.9 m to 5.3 m . If the pump is used as PAT ,the PAT has a power efficiency of 0.4 . If at the same discharge range and his headraised to 18.9 m then the power PAT also increased . To get the power PATapproaching the head PAT pump power must be increased to 29.9 m ."