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"ABSTRAKJembatan merupakan salah satu struktur bangunan yang memegang peranan penting dalam sistem transportasi. Kerap kali kasus keruntuhan jembatan di Indonesia terjadi karena lemahnya pemantuan dan pemeliharaan jembatan pada masa layannya. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu sistem pintar pada jembatan yang terdiri dari sensor-sensor dan mikrokontroler untuk memudahkan pemantauan respon struktur jembatan secara real time. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada permodelan dan pengujian subjek jembatan model rangka baja skalatis dengan melakukan beberapa tahapan analisis yakni: mengetahui parameter respon jembatan model terkait uji statik dan dinamik, membandingkan hasil pengujian dengan modelisasi program SAP2000. Respon struktur terhadap beban statik dilakukan untuk mengetahui parameter lendutan pada jembatan model. Analisis terhadap respon dinamik dilakukan dengan memberikan eksitasi pada jembatan model sehingga struktur bergetar bebas yang direkam oleh sensor accelerometer dan diolah bahasa pemrograman python. Perbandingan antara parameter statik maupun dinamik hasil modelisasi dengan eksperimen menunjukkan hasil identik. Persentase perbandingan hasil permodelan SAP2000 dengan eksperimen pada jembatan model untuk nilai lendutan adalah sebesar 5,79 , sedangkan untuk nilai frekuensi alami struktur yang didapatkan perbandingan sebesar 8,56 . Pada percobaan simulasi penurunan kekakuan jembatan, sistem dapat mendeteksi adanya perubahan nilai frekuensi alami yang dapat dikorelasikan dengan teori dinamika struktur.

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ABSTRACTBridge is one of the building structures that play an important role in the transportation system. Often the case of collapse of bridges in Indonesia occurs due to weak monitoring and maintenance of bridges in the service period. For that we need a smart system on the bridge consisting of sensors and microcontroller to facilitate the monitoring of the response of the bridge structure in real time. This research is focused on modeling and testing of skeletal steel frame bridge model subjects by performing several stages of analysis that is knowing the parameter of bridge response model related to static and dynamic test, compare the test result with SAP2000 program modeling. The structural response to the static load is performed to determine the displacement parameters on the model bridge. The analysis of the dynamic response is done by giving the excitation on the model bridge so that the free vibrating structure is recorded by the accelerometer sensor and python programming language is processed. Comparisons between static and dynamic parameters modeled by experiments show identical results. The percentage of comparison of SAP2000 model result with experiment on bridge model for displacment value is 5,79 , while for natural frequency value of structure got comparison equal to 8,56 . In the simulation experiments of the decrease in bridge stiffness, the system can detect any changes in natural frequency values that can be correlated with structural dynamics theory."

"Studying about cable stayed bridge become trend in the last few years. Since the improvement of the material technology and the need of longer bridge so the cable stayed bridge become more important in the last few years.Since the span become longer, so the structure will become more flexible and external load such are traffic, wind, rain and earthquake become more significant to the structure. When the displacement of the deck will increase, it will make uncomforting for human. Many scientists and engineers try to make a control of cable stayed bridge, so that the response will become safety and good for human comfort also.In this study we try to simulate the model from experiment to the behavior of the cable stayed bridge itself. We also try to control the response of the structure. This control that we have done must be realistic and easy to use.In fact with computer simulation we can do such sophisticated control, but the main problem if it's not applicable the control that we use become useless, otherwise it will be dangerous also if we get a result in reality far from out simulation.So in this study we do simple control to cable stayed bridge, and do some test that could be realistic in the reality. The sag of the cable is big and it will make a non linear effect. We do some analysis of cable stayed bridge in ANSYS 5.5.3 and do control simulation in SIMULINK by catching the static non linear result from ANSYS 5.5.3.The simulation that we done here to see the effectives of the control in many cases. We can be sure that the control is good if we get a good solution with the control of the structure."

"In the framework of the design of Cisadane Cable Stayed Bridge, a wind tunnel testing on scaled model has been conducted lo observe its aerodynamic forces. The wind tunnel which is used for test, was a low speed wind tunnel.The test results are the coefficient Ci, Cd and Cm. The coefficients can be used lo calculate the load of the structure, the lift Force and the pitching moment. Based on the test results, shape improvement of the proposed bridge deck is also considered."

"ABSTRACTJalan Tol Cikampek-Padalarang Cipularang membentang pada tebing curam dengan stratifikasi tanah lempung serpih yang memiliki kuat geser tanah rendah pada lerengnya. Pusjatan melampirkan data bahwa pada 23 Desember 2016 tiang P2 Jalan Tol Cipularang mengalami pergeseran hingga 57,02 cm. Pergeseran ini diduga terjadi akibat tanah lempung serpih yang berinteraksi langsung dengan air dari sungai Cisomang. Pergeseran tiang P2 mengindikasikan terjadinya pergeseran struktur pondasi Jembatan Cisomang sedalam 22 m secara lateral yang lebih besar dari penurunan aksial. Untuk itu, dilakukan studi dengan metode analisis balik dalam menentukan pengaruh perkuatan pondasi berupa borepile untuk menentukan pengaruh borepile kepada pergeseran lateral lempung serpih dibantu dengan perangkat lunak PLAXIS dalam menyimulasikan perilaku tanah. Penelitian ini mengajukan kedalaman borepile 35 m dan 60 m sebagai perkuatan pondasi eksisting. Disamping kontribusinya dalam mengurangi pergeseran lateral mencapai 33-68, perkuatan ini memotong bidang gelincir dari lereng Cipulareng dan meningkatkan faktor keamanan FK sebesar 4.7-16.

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ABSTRACTCisomang bridge is one of the bridges connecting Jakarta and Bandung through Cikampek Padalarang Cipularang Highway. The Road and Bridge 39s Research and Development Center PUSJATAN presents data that on December 23rd, 2016 Pier P2 of Cipularang Highway is shifted for 57,02 cm. This movement is suspected occurred due to decreasing of clayshale 39 s shear strength caused by Cisomang River 39 s seepage. Pier P2 movement indicates more massive lateral displacement of Cisomang Bridge 39 s foundation for 22 m depth than its settlement. Accordingly, we study trough back analysis method for determining the impact of bore pile to lateral displacement on clayshale using PLAXIS to simulate the behavior of soil. This research proposes 35 m and 60 m depth bore pile to be a foundation reinforcement. Aside from its contribution on decreasing lateral displacement of existing foundation up to 33 68 , this reinforcement cut the slip surface of Cipularang slope and increase its safety factor SF for 4.7 16."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan keefektifan perilaku jembatan i girder dengan u girder akibat pembebanan yang terjadi pada struktur atas jembatan. Jembatan girder dengan panjang 36,6 meter dibebani oleh beberapa pembebanan yaitu berat sendiri, beban mati tambahan, beban lajur ?D?, beban angin, beban rem, temperatur, dan beban gempa. Jembatan menggunakan beton prategang yang mempunyai kabel prategang pada setiap girdernya. Variasi analisis jembatan pada setiap kondisi awal, kondisi kosong, kondisi akhir 1, dan kondisi akhir 2 menghasilkan nilai lendutan, tegangan, gaya dalam, kehilangan prategang, dan volume pekerjaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jembatan u girder mempunyai tingkat keefektifan yang lebih tinggi daripada jembatan i girder pada hasil perbandingan lendutan, tegangan, dan gaya dalam. Tetapi, volume pekerjaan pada jembatan u girder lebih besar daripada jembatan i girder dengan perbandingan volume adalah 9,86%.

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The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavior of i girder bridge with u girder due to loading that occurs on top of the bridge structure. Girder bridge with a length of 36.6 meters which is burdened by a dead load, superimposed dead load, lane ?D? load, wind load, load brakes, temperature, and seismic loads. Prestressed concrete bridge using prestressed cable having at each girder. Variation analysis of the bridge at the beginning of each condition, empty condition, final condition 1 and condition 2 yields the value displacement, stress, internal force, loss of prestressed, and volume of works. The results showed u girder bridges have a higher level of effectiveness than i girder bridge of the results of the comparison displacement, stress, and internal force. However, the cost of construction on the u girder bridge is greater than the i girder bridge with comparison volume is 9,86%."

"Dalam 5-6 tahun terakhir, pembangunan infrastruktur di Indonesia dipercepat. Banyak masalah terkait pengadaan lahan yang terjadi, karena itu digunakan struktur jembatan slab-on-pile sebagai solusi. Akibat properti unik struktur slab-on-pile dimana batasan antara struktur atas dan bawahnya yang sangat ambigu, dan fakta bahwa struktur slab-on-pile banyak digunakan pada proyek jalan tol elevated sedangkan menurut KKJTJ, setiap jembatan elevated yang panjangnya melebihi 3 km perlu dilakukan uji dinamik, maka dari itu, perlu dilakukan pengujian dinamik lateral terhadap struktur slab-on-pile agar bisa dianalisis karakteristik dinamiknya. Pada penelitian ini, pengujian dinamik lateral menggunakan eccentric mass shaker dilakukan terhadap struktur jembatan slab-on-pile agar diketahui frekuensi alaminya. Data yang diolah menggunakan proses FFT (fast fourier transform) dan FDD (frequency domain decomposition) divalidasi terhadap beberapa model struktur yang divariasikan dalam permodelan pondasinya serta jenis elemen yang digunakan. Terdapat 3 variasi jenis permodelan pondasi yaitu Full (dimodelkan seutuhnya), Fix.Point (dijepit pada taraf penjepitan lateral) dan Ground (dijepit pada elevasi ground) dan 2 variasi jenis elemen yang digunakan yaitu Frame & Shell dan Elemen Solid. Model dibuat menggunakan program Midas Civil.Didapatkan nilai frekuensi alami struktur sebesar 3.3 Hz dalam arah longitudinal dan 4.5 Hz dalam arah transversal. Frekuensi alami dari pengujian setara dengan model dalam arah longitudinal, namun jauh lebih besar dari model dalam arah transversal. Hal ini karena dalam proses pemancangan spun pile, terjadi pemadatan tanah di sekelilingnya sehingga dalam arah transversal, dimana jarak antar pile kecil, kekakuan tanah meningkat. Dari penelitian ini juga didapat kesimpulan bahwa model yang paling akurat untuk memodelkan struktur slab-on-pile adalah model struktur yang dijepit pada taraf penjepitan lateral yang menggunakan elemen frame dan shell (FS- FIX.POINT) untuk arah longitudinal dan model struktur yang dijepit pada elevasi ground yang menggunakan elemen frame dan shell (FS-GROUND) untuk arah transversal.

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In the last 5-6 years, infrastructure development in Indonesia has accelerated greatly. This causes land availability issues, which are solved by implementing slab-on-pile structures for bridge construction. Due to slab-on-pile bridges not having a clear border between their superstructure and substructure, and the fact that slab-on-pile bridges are often used for elevated toll road projects where KKJTJ states that all elevated toll roads spanning over 3 km must be assessed for its dynamic capabilities, a lateral dynamic test becomes relevant to conduct in order to analyze the structure’s dynamic characteristics.. In this research, a slab-on-pile bridge structure is tested for its lateral dynamic capacities using an eccentric mass shaker so that its natural frequencies can be obtained. The data processed using the FFT (fast fourier transform) and FDD (frequency domain decomposition) methods are compared with the values obtained from numerical models made using Midas Civil. Several models were made with variations on the spun pile foundation modelling method and the elements that were used for the model. Three spun pile foundation modelling method variations were used: Full (foundation fully modelled), Partial (foundation fixed at its fixity point), and Ground (foundation fixed at ground level); two variations of elements were used: Frame & Shell and Solid Element. The tests result in a longitudinal natural frequency of 3.3 Hz and a transversal natural frequency of 4.5 Hz. The longitudinal natural frequency is similar with the model’s longitudinal natural frequency. However, the transversal natural frequency is 16.9 – 32.8% higher than the model’s transversal natural frequency. This is caused by the erection of the spun pile foundation that causes its surrounding soil in the transversal direction to condense, which in the case of very short pile spacing distances, causes the soil stiffness to increase. The tests and models also show that the most accurate model in the longitudinal direction is the FS-FIX.POINT model which were given fixed restraints at its fixity point and is modelled using the frame & shell elements. In the transversal direction, the most accurate model is the FS-GROUND model which were given fixed restraints at ground level and is modelled using frame & shell elements."

"Jembatan beton pratekan tipe kanal tegak adalah salah satu konsep inovasi jembatan yang berkembang dalam 10 tahun terakhir ini. Bentuk gelagar yang menyerupai huruf U dan diperkuat dengan tendon prategang menjadikan jembatan ini sebagai salah satu alternatif desain untuk jembatan kereta api dan jalan raya. Untuk menerapkannya di Indonesia perlu adanya kajian perilaku jembatan tersebut. Dalam kajian ini dilakukan peninjauan respon jembatan terhadap pembebanan statis yang meliputi lendutan, gaya normal, momen lentur dan tegangan. Model jembatan sesuai dengan jembatan kereta api eksisting yaitu Jembatan Villupuram di daerah Tamil Nadu, India. Hasil kajian ini dibandingkan dengan pemodelan oleh Vurugonda Raju maupun hasil percobaan lapangan oleh Devdas Menon dari Indian Institute of Technology Madras di Chennai-India serta membandingkannya dengan peraturan yang ada di Indonesia. Dengan bantuan perangkat lunak komputer berbasis Metode Elemen Hingga, dikaji respon jembatan dengan menggunakan simulasi parametrik berupa variasi mutu beton, umur jembatan dan kelembapan relatif lingkungan. Pada titik tinjau di tengah bentang, lendutan akan semakin berkurang diikuti dengan tegangan serat atas beton yang semakin bertambah dan tegangan serat bawah beton yang semakin berkurang apabila mutu beton yang digunakan dan kelembapan relatif lingkungan semakin tinggi. Di sisi lain semakin bertambah umur jembatan, lendutan akan semakin bertambah diikuti dengan berkurangnya tegangan serat atas beton dan bertambahnya tegangan serat bawah beton.

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U-girder prestressed concrete bridge is a new concept of bridge innovation developed in the last 10 years. U-shaped girder strengthened with prestressed tendons makes this type of bridge as one of the alternatives in railway and highway bridges design. In order to apply it in Indonesia, more study of the bridge behaviours are needed. In this study, the bridge responses due to static loading such as deflection, normal force, bending moment and stress are studied. The bridge model is based on the real model of Villupuram Bridge in Tamil Nadu,India. The results are then compared with those obtained from the model of Vurugonda Raju and the field experiment result from Devdas Menon, both are from Indian Institute of Technology Madras in Chennai-India; and later with the Indonesian codes. Using a software which is based on Finite Element Method, the bridge responses upon parametric simulations such as variation of concrete quality, concrete age and relative humidity are studied. At bridge middle span, if the grade of concrete and relative humidity of environment are high, deflection is smaller followed with increasing upper fiber stress and decreasing lower fiber stress. On the other side, as the age of structure increases, the deflection is higher followed with decreasing upper fiber stress and increasing lower fiber stress."