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"This is a thorough update of an authoritative book on wastewater treatment. This text describes the rapidly evolving field of wastewater engineering technological and regulatory changes that have occurred over the last ten years in this discipline and it includes: a new view of a wastewater as a source of energy, nutrients and potable water; more stringent discharge requirements related to nitrogen and phosphorus; enhanced understanding of the fundamental microbiology and physiology of the microorganisms responsible for the removel of nitrogen and phosphorus and other constituents; an appreciation of the importance of the separate treatment of return flows with respect to meeting more stringent standards for nitrogen removal and opportunities for nutrient recovery; increased emphasis on the treatment of sludge and the management of biosolids; increased awareness of carbon footprints impacts and greenhouse gas emissions, and an emphasis on the development of energy neutral or energy positive wastewater plants through more efficient use of chemical and heat energy in wastewater. This revision contains a strong focus on advanced wastewater treatment technologies and stresses the reuse aspects of wastewater and biosolids"

"Municipal and Industrial wastewater mostly comes within high concentration ofPhosporous containing compounds. Phosporous comes mainly from humanexcreta and from synthetic detergents and it is also the primary nutrientresponsible of algal bloom. If these wastewater are not treated to removesphosphorous and/or nutrient enrichment in both groundwater and surface watersthen it may leading to detrimental effects on water quality and eutrophication ofsurface water.Even though some methods such as reverse osmosis and electrodialysis have beensuggested to remove phosphorous compounds, such methods are proven to bevery costly. Therefore some countries are still looking for various methods whichwill be more effective as well as inexpensive. One of the method which in recenttimes is the use of coagulants such as calcium, aluminum, or iron salts into theWastewater Treatment Plant. The use of Ferric Chloride is an example of widelyused coagulant; however it creates systematic side effects to the treatment plant.Nevertheless, it is believed that this method is more effective removingPhosphorous in wastewater.Loganholme Wastewater Treatment Plant is the biggest wastewater treatmentplant in Queensland regions which start using this method in order to removesPhosphorous as well as aligning their system with the new statement fromEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) in terms of their discharge effluent intoThe Logan river. An approval from Queensland Government is needed to run thenew system, therefore some laboratory test has to be conduct in order to makesure that this new system is safe to run without too much disturbing the Loganriver ecosystem.Based on the laboratory results, it can be seen that this method are effective inremoving Phosphorous and also meets with the new regulation from EPA.However, one thing that should be pointing out is the dose of this coagulant should be used in appropriate way in order to prevent another effects that mightme occur in the appearance of this new method.;"

"Penyisihan bahan kimia berbahaya dari limbah cair dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan filtrasi membran. Masalah utama pada filtrasi membran adalah sering terjadinya fouling. Untuk mengatasinya dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan proses pretreatment dengan ozonasi. Dari hasil identifikasi laju reaksi penyisihan terhadap data-data penelitian sebelumnya, dengan metode pendekatan hukum pangkat sederhana, didapatkan bahwa nilai konstanta laju reaksi penyisihan dengan proses gabungan ozonasi dan filtrasi membran pada tingkat 1 sampai tingkat 3 masing - masing sebesar: 3 x 108/M2.s, 1,5 x 109/M2.s, dan 2 x 109/M2.s untuk timbal; 4,19 x 104/M2.s, 3 x 10-8 M/s, dan 5 x 106/M2.s untuk tembaga; 3 x 10-8 M/s, 3,486/M2.s, dan 2,8315/M2.s untuk amonia; serta 7,7 x 104/M2.s, 5,6 x 10-2/M0.5.s, dan 0,11/M0,5.s untuk linier alkil benzen sulfonat.

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Degradation of hazardous chemicals from the wastewater can be done in various ways, one of them is by using membrane filtration. The main problem in membrane filtration is a frequent occurrence of fouling. To overcome this can be done by using apretreatment process with ozonasi. From the results of the identification of degradation rate of previous research data, with a simple power - law approach, it was found that the degradation rate constant value with a ozonation and membrane filtration hybrid process at level 1 to level 3, each for: 3 x 108/M2.s, 1.5 x 109/M2.s, and 2 x 109/M2.s for lead; 4.19 x 104/M2.s, 3 x 10-8 M/s, and 5 x 106/M2.s for copper; 3 x 10-8 M/s, 3.486/M0.5.s, and 2.8315/M2.s for ammonia; and 7.7 × 104/M2.s, 5.6 x 10-2/M0.5.s, and 0.11/M0.5.s for linear alkyl benzene sulfonate. "

"Dalam penelitian ini limbah cair yang mengandung limbah sintetis pklorofenol sebesar 50 ppm diozonasi menggunakan RHOP (reaktor hibrida ozonplasma) dan ozonator standar, pada kondisi asam, netral, dan basa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan variasi lainnya, yaitu 3 (tiga) macam konfigurasi sistem reaksi (reaksi penyisihan limbah dalam RHOP, ozon dikontakkan dengan limbah cair dalam skema reaksi CSTR, dan ozon dikontakkan dengan limbah cair yang dilanjutkan dengan reaksi dalam RHOP). Kondisi pH limbah cair yang digunakan adalah 3,9 (asam), 6,8 (netral) dan 10,8 (basa). Penelitian ini menghasilkan kondisi terbaik untuk mendegradasi p-koloronenol yang terkandung dalam limbah cair yaitu, kondisi basa pH 10,8 dan sistem reaksi ozon dikontakkan dengan limbah cair yang dilanjutkan dengan reaksi dalam RHOP. Persentase degradasi yang dihasilkan mencapai 83,97%, dengan konsentrasi akhir 8,01 ppm.

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In this experiment the liquid waste of p-chlorophenol synthetic 50 ppm ozonated by RHOP (ozone-plasma hybrid reactor) and standard ozonator, in acid, neutral and base condition. The experiment was carried out with 3 kinds variations of system configurations reaction (eliminination reaction liquid waste in RHOP, the liquid waste contacted with ozone in CSTR reaction scheme and the liquid waste contacted with ozone followed by reaction in RHOP). The liquid waste pH conditions used was 3,9 (acid), 6,8 (neutral) and 10,8 (base). The maximum conditions to degrade liquid waste containing p-chlorophenol are base at pH 10,8 and the ozone contacted with the liquid waste followed by reaction in RHOP. The degradation percentage obtained in this experiment is around 83,97% with concentrations 8,01 ppm."

"Pencemaran lingkungan menyebabkan rusaknya lingkungan yang berdampak pada makhluk hidup di sekitarnya. Sumber pencemaran lingkungan diantaranya berasal dari industri, domestik, dan laboratorium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengolahan limbah dengan metode koagulasi dan adsorpsi untuk menurunkan kadar organik serta logam berat Fe, Mn, Cr. Jenis koagulan yang digunakan: Tawas, PAC, Trimer 3626, dan Trimer 6784 menggunakan uji jar dalam metode koagulasi. Kondisi optimum yang diperoleh adalah konsentrasi koagulan trimer 6784 sebanyak 19,2 mg/100 mL sampel dengan kisaran pH 4-7 pada suhu ruang. Pengolahan limbah secara koagulasi dapat menurunkan TSS = 69,13 %, TDS = 46,95 %, DHL = 72,33 %, kekeruhan = 93,5 %, KMnO4 = 48,89 %, kadar organik (COD) = 7,4 %, dan kadar logam berat Fe = 85,53 %, Mn = 55,84 %, Cr = 43,07 %. Sedangkan, nilai pH menjadi tinggi dan nilai suhu tetap. Proses adsorpsi dengan karbon aktif dapat menurunkan kadar organik (COD) = 58,53 %, namun terjadi peningkatan kadar logam Fe = 3,95 %, logam Mn = 63,8 %, dan logam Cr = 7,5 %. Sedangkan, adsorpsi dengan zeolit dapat menurunkan kadar organik (COD) = 54,61 % serta logam Cr = 38,67 %, namun terjadi peningkatan kadar logam Fe = 1,22 % serta logam Mn = 11,02 %. Kadar organik setelah adsorpsi menurun 58,53 % dengan karbon aktif dan 54,61 % dengan zeolit, namun masih jauh di atas baku mutu limbah cair menurut KEP-51/MENLH/10/1995 tentang Baku Mutu Limbah Cair Bagi Kegiatan Industri.

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Bad environment makes the environment damage which can effect to another live creatures in around. This phenomenon is sourced by waste water which from many places such as industry, domestic, and laboratory. The purpose of this research is to do waste water treatment by coagulation and adsorption method to decrease organic content and heavy metal Fe, Mn, Cr. Some kinds of coagulation materials are Tawas, PAC, Trimer 3626, and Trimer 6784. It is used by jar test instrument in coagulation method. The optimum condition which is appropriate with waste water chemistry laboratory is by increasing Trimer 6784 coagulation material?s concentration 19,2 mg/100 mL sample with range pH 4-7 in room temperature. Waste water treatment by coagulation method can decrease TSS = 69,13 %, TDS = 46,95 %, DHL = 72,33 %, turbidity = 93,5 %, KMnO4 = 48,89 %, organic content (COD) = 7,4 %, and heavy metals Fe = 85,53 %, Mn = 55,84 %, Cr = 43,07 %.. Besides, the value of pH become high and the temperature is constant. Adsorption process with active carbon can decrease (COD) = 58,53 %, but it can increase Fe = 3,95 %, Mn = 63,8 %, and Cr = 7,5 %. In the other hand, adsorption with zeolite can decrease (COD) = 54,61 % and Cr = 38,67 %, besides it can increase Fe = 1,22 % and Mn = 11,02 %. The organic content is also decrease after adsorption process 58,53 % with active carbon and 54,61 % with zeolite, but it is not too significant and still over from the standard quality waste water from KEP-51/MENLH/10/1995 about Standard Quality of Waste Water Liquid for Industry Activities."