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"CASES CAPABILITY ON ENERGY CONVERSION OF HTGR . Energy conversion capability on HTGR is determined by the gas coolant which is also as energy transfer. So that the gases capability on energy conversition should be viewed....."

"ABSTRAKKondisi krisis harga minyak dunia yang terjadi sejak akhir tahun 2014 memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap kebijakan perusahaan minyak dan gas bumi dalam mengembangkan lapangan. Lapangan X memiliki reservoir dengan kandungan Gas Oil Ratio (GOR) yang tinggi. Hal ini mengindikasikan terdapat potensi kondensat untuk dapat diekstraksi dari gas alam sebelum gas dijual menuju konsumen. Condensate Extraction Plant dikembangkan di Lapangan X sejak tahun 2011 dengan kapasitas handling total sebesar 27,5 mmscfd. Seiring dengan penurunan produksi minyak dan gas bumi secara alamiah, diperlukan penyesuaian mode operasi sehingga aset yang dimiliki oleh Lapangan X dapat memberikan efisiensi yang lebih baik dibandingkan kondisi sebelumnya. Simulasi proses modifikasi plant dilakukan dengan 5 alternatif skenario proses yaitu Metode Mechanical Refrigeration Mode Operasi Seri dengan Media Pendingin Chilled Water, Metode Mechanical Refrigeration Mode Operasi Pararel dengan Media Pendingin Propana, Metode Mechanical Refrigeration Mode Operasi Seri dengan Media Pendingin Propana, Metode JT-Valves, dan Metode Turbo Expander. Evaluasi teknis dilakukan dengan simulasi menggunakan perangkat lunak Unisim, sedangkan analisa keekonomian dilakukan dengan metode levelized cost. Selain itu, dilakukan juga analisis sensitivitas keekonomian terhadap komponen harga gas, harga kondensat, CAPEX, dan OPEX. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi proses dan perhitungan keekonomian, empat alternatif proses skenario secara teknis dan ekonomis dapat dipilih untuk meningkatkan produksi kondensat. Alternatif proses skenario yang paling optimum adalah metode Mechanical Refrigeration Mode Operasi Seri dengan Media Pendingin Chilled Water karena memberikan nilai NPV dan IRR yang terbesar serta Pay Out Time tercepat. Berdasarkan perhitungan sensitivitas NPV dan IRR, parameter yang berpengaruh paling besar terhadap NPV dan IRR skenario proses tersebut adalah harga gas, OPEX dan harga kondensat sedangkan CAPEX memberikan pengaruh terkecil.

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ABSTRACTThe condition of oil price crisis that occurred since the end of 2014 gave significant impact to the policy of oil and gas company in term of planning the development of their field. X field has reservoir that contains high Gas Oil Ratio GOR. It indicates that condensate has its potency to be extracted from natural gas prior to sales to the consumer. Condensate Extraction Plant first developed in 2011 with 27.5 mmscfd capacity of handling. Along with the naturally declining of oil and gas production which is occurred in X Field, the adjustment of operation mode is needed to be carried out. Hence production facilities asset can be operated with higher efficiency rather than previous mode. Process simulation of plant modification is carried out using 5 alternatives of process scenario i.e. Mechanical Refrigeration with Series Operation Mode using Chilled Water, Mechanical Refrigeration with Pararel Operation Mode using Propane, Mechanical Refrigeration with Series Operation Mode using Propane, JT Valves, and Turbo Expander.Technical evaluation is simulated using Unisim Software, while Economical Analysis is evaluated using Levelized Cost Method. As a comprehensive evaluation, sensitivity analysis also being conducted using 4 input variable i.e., gas price, condensate price, CAPEX, and OPEX. The result of technical and economical evaluation showed that 4 alternatives can be choosen because provide higher production volume of condensate and feasbile to be executed. The most optimum scenario is Mechanical Refrigeration with Series Operation Mode using Chilled Water as its coolant media. This scenario gives the highest NPV and IRR, it also gives the fastest Pay Out Time. Sensitivity analysis concluded that the most impactful input variables that effected on NPV and IRR are Gas Price, OPEX, and Condensate Price, then the less impactful variable is CAPEX."

"Potensi biomassa berupa daun kering di sekitar hutan kota kampus UI Depok sangatlah besar. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu teknologi tepat guna pemanfaatan limbah daun kering ini salah satunya adalah dengan fluidized bed combustor. Fluidized bed combustor mengonversikan energi biomassa menjadi energi panas yang pemanfaatannya dapat dikembangkan untuk berbagai keperluan lainnya, misalnya pembangkitan daya dan proses pengeringan. Pada penelitian ini, kinerja fluidized bed combustor diukur dari temperatur sebelum dan setelah penggunaan blower hisap (induced draft fan). Hasil yang didapat pada pengujian pembakaran menggunakan bahan bakar daun pada self sustained combustion 1 dan 2 jam adalah setelah penggunaan induced draft fan temperatur pengoperasian lebih meningkat dengan kisaran 100-150°C. Pengujian daya tahan pembakaran menggunakan bahan bakar daun juga dilakukan dan menghasilkan self sustained combustion selama 3 jam.

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The potential of biomass in the form of dried leaves around the forest town of UI campus Depok has been great. Therefore, it is required an appropriate waste utilization technology of dry leaves which one of them is a fluidized bed combustor incinerator. Fluidized bed combustor convert biomass energy into heat energy that utilization can be developed for various other purposes, such as power generation and the drying process. In this study, the performance of fluidized bed combustor incinerator temperature measured before and after use of the suction blower (induced draft fan).

The results obtained on testing burning using leaves as fuel in self sustained combustion 1 and 2 hours after application is induced draft fan operating temperature further increased the range of 100-150°C. Durability testing using fuel burning leaves was tested and produce self sustained combustion for 3 hours."

"Permintaan energi dari sumber daya terbarukan terus mendorong kebutuhan pembangkitlistrik tenaga angin di Indonesia. Tujuan studi adalah memaparkan pemodelan pengambilankeputusan lokasi turbin angin dan mendesain teknologi turbin angin yang baik digunakan diIndonesia. Studi ini, menggunakan metode Multi-Criteria Decision Making sebagai metodepengambilan keputusan yang diintegrasi dengan metode Geographic Information Systemsebagai metode penentuan lokasi dan teknologi yang cocok untuk membangun turbin angin.Selanjutnya hasil akan digunakan sebagai parameter desain awal teknologi turbin angin.Selama proses analisa, faktor berupa multivariat dipertimbangkan. Cakupan wilayah padastudi ini adalah negara Indonesia.Hasil studi berupa peta kecocokan wilayah dengan energi angin. Parameter kecocokandibagi menjadi empat yaitu "sangat cocok", "cocok", "kurang cocok", dan "tidak cocok".Hasil menyimpulkan bahwa 40% area Indonesia masuk ke dalam kategori "cocok" denganenergi angin khususnya di Pulau Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sementara itu, 20% areaIndonesia masuk ke dalam kategori "tidak cocok" berdasarkan kondisi geografi setempat,meskipun kecepatan angin yang tinggi, dan rentan terhadap bencana alam. Identifikasi areakecocokan ini akan menjadi pertimbangan awal untuk desain teknologi turbin angin yangoptimal bagi Indonesia.Kerangka pemodelan ini dapat mendorong transisi energi terbarukan tanpa memandangdaerah khusus yang diharapkan dapat berkontribusi sebanyak 8% dari total target pencapaiantransisi energi terbarukan Indonesia 2025.

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Demand for energy from renewable sources continues to drive the need for wind power

plants in Indonesia. The purpose of the study is to describe modeling decision making for wind

turbine locations and to design wind turbine technology that is well used in Indonesia. This

study uses the Multi-Criteria Decision Making method as a decision-making method that is

integrated with the Geographic Information System method as a location determination

method and suitable technology for building wind turbines. Furthermore, the results will be

used as initial design parameters for wind turbine technology. During the analysis process,

multivariate factors are considered. The area covered in this study is Indonesia.

The results of the study are in the form of a suitability map of the area with wind energy.

The match parameter is divided into four, namely "very suitable", "suitable", "less suitable",

and "not suitable". The results conclude that 40% of Indonesia's area falls into the "suitable"

category for wind energy, especially on the islands of Sulawesi and East Nusa Tenggara.

Meanwhile, 20% of Indonesia's area falls into the "unsuitable" category based on local

geographic conditions, despite high wind speeds, and is vulnerable to natural disasters.

Identification of this suitability area will be the initial consideration for the optimal wind

turbine technology design for Indonesia.

This modeling framework can encourage the renewable energy transition regardless of

special regions which are expected to contribute as much as 8% of the total target of achieving

Indonesia's 2025 renewable energy transition."