Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Digital video compression has revolutionised the broadcast industry. Its implementation has been the vital key to the expansion of video via satellite, cable, internet and terrestrial TV. However, new technologies not only enable new applications, they also create new challenges such as how to measure video quality, and how to maintain video quality in concatenated compression systems.Video Compression Systems provides an overview on many issues concerning today's complex digital video systems: from video quality measurements to statistical multiplexing, from pre-processing to transcoding and concatenation. It explains video compression systems from first principles and gives a detailed summary of currently used MPEG standards, as well as non-MPEG algorithms. Furthermore, it provides a summary of motion estimation algorithms and explains processing priorities for mobile applications, HDTV, contribution and distribution systems, as well as for end user systems.Video Compression Systems focuses intentionally on the principles rather than the mathematics in order to make it more readable and accessible to a wider audience. It is aimed at senior undergraduate students taking modules in video technologies, multimedia processing or video compression, as well as television engineers working on video compression systems."

"Kebutuhan transmisi data telemedicine seperti citra dan video medis secara nirkabel mengharuskan data dikompresi terlebih dahulu agar dapat dikirimkan secara efisien. Yu, et.al, membuktikan bahwa standar kompresi H.264 dapat diterapkan pada kompresi video medis, sementara menurut Xiong, et.al transformasi wavelet diskrit mengungguli DCT pada kompresi citra dan video.Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mensimulasikan algoritma H.264 dengan transformasi 2D berupa transformasi wavelet diskrit serta menganalisis hasil simulasinya dengan parameter kualitas objektif yaitu PSNR dan rasio kompresi. Simulasi kompresi video medis berdasarkan algoritma H.264 dengan DCT maupun DWT dilakukan pada parameter kompresi yang sama untuk dibandingkan hasilnya.Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa DWT dapat diterapkan pada kompresi video medis berdasarkan algoritma H.264 dengan gain hingga 1,06 dB mengungguli DCT. Namun demikia, rasio kompresi yang didapat tidak terlalu berbeda secara signifikan akibat adanya padding pada hasil dekomposisi DWT.

---

The need of telemedicine data transmission, such as image and video, using wireless network requires data to be compressed efficiently. Yu, et.al, proved that H.264 standard of video coding is applicable in medical video compression, while according to Xiong et.al, discrete wavelet transform outperforms discrete cosine transform in image and video compression.This thesis aims to simulate medical video compression based-on H.264 algorithm using discrete wavelet transform and analyze the simulation results showed by objective quality parameter, namely PSNR and compression ratio. The simulation using DCT and DWT performed on the same compression parameters to compare the results.The simulation result show that DWT is applicable in medical video compression based-on H.264 algorithm with 1,06 dB outperformed DCT. However, the compression ratio obtained doesn‟t differ significantly because of the pixel padding on the DWT decomposition matrices."

"Enhanced UMTS Radio Access Netwok Extensions for NS -2 (EURANE) yang dikembangkan oleh SEACORN membawa fase lanjut pada perkembangan simulasi UMTS pada sistem seluler generasi ketiga (3G) yaitu High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). Sistem selular 3G didesain untuk dapat membawa berbagai jenis paket multimedia melalui jaringan IP (IP-based) sehingga interkoneksinya dengan fixed network dimana mayoritas layanan multimedia ditawarkan oleh provider pun akan menjadi lebih mudah. Video streaming merupakan salah satu layanan multimedia yang mengizinkan user untuk berkomunikasi melalui transmisi audio-video dua arah secara real-time dan simultan. Untuk memperoleh kualitas video streaming yang balk, dilakukan simulasi pengukuran performa. Performa kualitas layanan video streaming tidak pernah terlepas dari parameter QoS seperti throughput, packet loss rate, packet delay, atau packet jitter. Di samping itu perlu juga diukur evaluasi kualitas video secara subyektif berdasarkan perbandingan tampilan video sumber dan video yang diterima frame demi frame melalui perhitungan Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) dan Mean Opinion Score (MOS). Pada tesis ini penulis melakukan pembangunan simulasi performa layanan video streaming dengan menggunakan teknologi HSDPA pada jaringan UMTS berdasarkan 3 user environment, yaitu indoor, pedestrian, dan vehicular. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan membangun simulasi menggunakan aplikasi Network Simulator (NS 2) versi 2.30 yang berjalan diatas operating system Fedora Core 7 berbasis Kernel 2.6 dan tambahan patch Enhanced UMTS Radio Access Network Extensions for NS -2 (EURANE) versi 1.60 yang dikembangkan oleh IST-SEACORN (Simulation of Enhanced UMTS Access and Core Network) dan modul Evaluation Video (EvalVid) yang dikembangkan oleh Technical University of Berlin, Telecommunication Network (TIKN). Hasil output akhir pada NS-2 akan divisualisasikan berupa grafik dan tabel yang kemudian akan dianalisa lebih lanjut yaitu berupa pengukuran throughput, packet loss, delay, PSNR, dan MOS.

---

Enhanced UMTS Radio Access Network Extensions for NS-2 (EURANE) developed by SEACORN has brought us to the higher phase of UMTS simulation in third generation (3G) wireless telecommunication system, which is High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). Wireless 3G is designed to deliver various kind of multimedia package through an IP network so that its interconnection with fixed network where most of multimedia services offered by provider become easier. Video streaming is one of those multimedia services which allow user to communicate through two-way real-time audio-video transmission simultaneously.

To achieve the good quality of video streaming, the measurement of performance simulation should be done. Video streaming services are always connected with QoS parameter such as throughput, packet loss rate, packet delay, or packet jitter. Besides, subjective video quality evaluation is also needed based on comparison between source video and receiving video by using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Opinion Score (MOS) calculation.

In this thesis, the author is developing a simulation of video streaming service for HSDPA technology over UMTS network based on 3 user environments, such as indoor, pedestrian, and vehicular.

The research method is by developing simulation using Network Simulator (NS-2) application version 2.30 running at operating system Fedora Core 7, Kernel 2.6 based and Enhanced UMTS Radio Access Network Extensions for NS-2 (EURANE) addition patch version 1.6 developed by SEACORN (Simulation of Enhanced UMTS Access and Core Network) and Evaluation Video (EvalVid) module developed by Technical University of Berlin, Telecommunication Network (TKN). This simulation development will perform output graphics and measurement of throughput, packet loss, delay, PSNR and MOS."

"Pada Tugas Akhir ini akan membahas teknik kompresi video codec yang mampu melakukan kompresi data frame mencapai ≥ 50% dari frame originalnya.Adapun tahapan kompresi input stream video dibagai menjadi 3 tahapan:

1. Pengurangan keseragaman spatial yang terjadi pada komponen-komponen intensity dalam suatu image.
2. Pengurangan keseragaman temporal yang terjadi pada motion object di frame-1, frame-2, frame-3 dan seterusnya.
3. Entropy coding untuk mengurangi energi komponen image yang kurang significant.

Dari tahapan diatas maka teknik kompresi yang didesign pada video codec disusun menjadi 3 sub-block besar : Transform coding yang menggunakan 2D-DCT, motion compensator berbasis pada SAD algorithm, dan RLE ( Run Length Encoding). Untuk mengetahui unjuk kerja system video codec yang telah didesign maka diperlukan pengukuran sesuai standart pengukuran ITU-T tentang kualitas video kompresi yaitu [8] :

1. Pengukuran secara subjectif dengan metode DSCQS (double stimulus continuous quality scale).
2. Pengukuran secara objectif dimana tool yang digunkan adalah PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) dan MSE (mean squared error).

Dari hasil pengukuran teknik kompresi video didapatkan hasil PSNR yang masih jauh diatas ambang batas minimal yang diperbolehkan oleh ITU-T yaitu 20 dB.

---

This project will discuss about video codec compression that will compress data frame to 50% smaller from it original size.

There are three main steps to compress video stream input :

1. Reducing spatial similarity occurred in intensity components from source image.
2. Reducing temporal similarity occurred in motion object at first frame, second frame, third frame, etc.
3. Entropy coding to eliminate less significant image component energy.

From those steps mentioned above, design compression technique at video codec will rebuilt in to three major sub block : Transform coding using 2D-DCT, motion compensator based on SAD algorithm, and RLE (Run Length Encoding). To analyze performance of video codec systems that have been designed, measurable success indicator based on ITU-T standardization on video compression quality will be needed.

Those indicator are [8]:

1. Subjective measurements using DSCQS (Double Stimulus Continuous Quality Scale) Method.
2. Objective measurements using PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) and MSE (mean squared error) as it tools.

Using those video compression measurements above, this project resulting PSNR value above its minimal threshold described in ITU-T (20dB)."

"Algoritma baru enkripsi data video yang dikembangkan dalam disertasi ini dinamakan algoritma enkripsi video multi chaos system oleh Suryadi, B. Budiardjo dan K. Ramli (MCS-SBR). Algoritma tersebut ditujukan untuk mereduksi waktu komputasi, rasio kompresi dan untuk meningkatkan daya tahan terhadap known-plaintext attack dan brute-force attack. Usaha yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengintegrasikan dua proses yakni proses kompresi dan dilanjutkan dengan proses enkripsi. Metode proses kompresinya yaitu menggabungkan proses transformasi cosinus diskrit (DCT) dan proses kuantisasi. Hal ini dapat dilakukan karena secara aljabar, DCT terkuantisasi tetap memiliki sifat orthonormal, sama halnya dengan fungsi DCT standar. Sedangkan untuk proses enkripsinya menggunakan metode multi chaos system terdiri dari dua fungsi chaos, yaitu logistic map dan Arnold?s cat map. Masing-masing bertujuan sebagai fungsi pembangkit bilangan acak untuk mendapatkan nilai key stream dan sebagai permutasi acak. Dalam hal ini digunakan 3 buah logistic map dengan satu formula key stream dalam basis galois field (256) sehingga mampu meningkatkan daya tahan terhadap known-plaintext attack dan brute-force attack. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian secara praktis dan teoritis. Hasil analisis pengujian secara praktis menunjukkan bahwa kompleksitas waktunya semakin kecil sehingga ratarata waktu kompresinya semakin cepat, rata-rata prosentase rasio kompresinya 2,35 kali lebih besar, ruang kunci yang dihasilkan mencapai 8,6  1012 kali lebih besar, dan tingkat sensitivitasnya menjadi 2  10−10 lebih kecil, serta bentuk histogramnya mendekati bentuk flat. Hasil pengujian teoritis berstandar internasional dari National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), menunjukkan bahwa fungsi pembangkit bilangan acaknya benar-benar menghasilkan bilangan bersifat acak, yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai 𝑃. 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = 0,43277 ≥ 0,01. Berdasarkan semua hasil pengujian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa algoritma enkripsi video MCS-SBR sangat sulit dipecahkan dengan known-plaintext attack dan brute-force attack.

---

The new video encryption algorithm discussed in this dissertation is called Multi Chaos System developed by Suryadi, B. Budiardjo and K. Ramli (MCS-SBR). This algorithm is used to reduce the computational time and compression ratio, as well as to increase resistance to known-plaintext attack brute-force attack. The procedures included the integration of two processes, i.e. compression process followed by encryption processes. The method of compression process employed the integration of discrete cosine transform (DCT) and quantization process. This was possible from algebraic perspective as quantized DCT still retained its orthonormal characteristic, just as standard DCT function. As for the encryption process, multi chaos system, consisting of logistic map and Arnold?s cat map, was used. Each of these functioned as random number generation to get a key stream and random permutation respectively. For this purpose, 3 logistic map were used with one key stream formula based on Galois field (256) in order to increase resistance to known-plaintext attack and brute-force attack. The subsequent procedures included practical examination and theoretical evaluation.

The results of the practical examination are as follow: the average time complexity is reduced, which increases the compression time; the average percentage of the compression ratio is 2,35 higher; the resulted key space is 8,6  1012 greater; the sensitivity level is 2  10−10 lower; and the histogram is almost flat. The result of theoretical evaluation by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) indicates that the function of random number generator really produces random numbers, shown by 𝑃. 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = 0,43277 ≥ 0,01. Based on the results of the practical examination and theoretical evaluation, it can be concluded that the algorithm of MCS-SBR video encryption is highly resistant to known-plaintext attack and brute-force attack."

"Skripsi ini mengkaji perbandingan antara dua metode kompresi video terkini, AV1 dan Versatile Video Coding (VVC), serta pengaruh tiga jenis filter - Bilateral, Histogram Equalization, dan Laplacian - dalam konteks deteksi jumlah kendaraan pada video lalu lintas. Tujuan utama adalah untuk menentukan metode kompresi mana dan dengan penggunaan filter atau tidak yang paling efektif dalam meningkatkan akurasi dan efisiensi deteksi objek. Penelitian ini menggunakan video lalu lintas jalanan, yang dikompresi menggunakan metode AV1 dan VVC, dan kemudian diterapkan filter sebagai modul preprocessing. Parameter yang diukur meliputi waktu encoding, peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit rate, Bjontegaard Metric dan Rata-rata Confidence score dalam deteksi objek. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan wawasan baru tentang pengaruh metode kompresi video dan teknik filtering terhadap kinerja aplikasi deteksi objek dalam video lalu lintas, serta memberikan rekomendasi untuk aplikasi serupa di masa depan.

---

This thesis examines the comparison between two recent video compression methods, AV1 and Versatile Video Coding (VVC), and the impact of three types of filters - Bilateral, Histogram Equalization, and Laplacian - in the context of vehicle count detection in traffic videos. The primary objective is to determine which is the most effective compression method and whether to use of filters or not in improving the accuracy and efficiency of object detection. This study uses traffic road videos, which are compressed using the AV1 and VVC methods, and then filters are applied as preprocessing modules. The measured parameters include Encoding Time, peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit rate, Bjontegaard Metric, and Average Confidence score in object detection. The results of this study are expected to provide new insights into the impact of video compression methods and filtering techniques on the performance of object detection applications in traffic videos, as well as to provide recommendations for similar applications in the future."