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Sandhi Prabowo
"LATAR BELAKANG: Anestesia umum yang merupakan teknik standar pembiusan pada timpanomastoidektomi memiliki beberapa kelemahan. Nyeri post operatif dan efek samping mual-muntah (Post Operative Nausea Vomiting (PONV)) yang kerap terjadi pada operasi ini dapat meningkatkan morbiditas pasca operasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penambahan blok pleksus servikal superfisialis dengan bupivakain 0.5% sebagai analgesia postoperatif pada timpanomastoidektomi.
METODE : Tiga puluh dua pasien yang akan menjalani timpanomastoidektomi dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok dengan jumlah yang sama. Kelompok pertama (Grup BPSS+IV-PCT, n=16) menerima blok pleksus servikal superfisialis sebelum induksi. Kelompok kedua (Grup IV-PCT, n=16) tidak menerima blok pleksus servikal superfisialis. Sebelum operasi berakhir, kedua grup diberikan paracetamol 1 gram intravena (IV). Setelah ekstubasi, di ruang pemulihan dipasang Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) yang dipertahankan selama 24 jam di ruang perawatan dihitung sejak operasi dimulai. PCA berisi fentanil, dengan pengaturan demand dose (bolus) 1mcg/kgBB. Waktu pertama kali pasien menekan tombol PCA (T1), total fentanil PCA yang digunakan (mcg/kgBB), dan insidens PONV dicatat.
HASIL: Permintaan analgesia pertama pada Grup BPSS+IV-PCT lebih lama (1437.5 ± 10 minutes) dibandingkan dengan Grup IV-PCT (1310.63 ± 268.49 minutes). Pemakaian fentanil total pada Grup BPSS+IV-PCT lebih sedikit (0.06 ± 0.25mcg/kg) dibandingkan dengan Grup IV-PCT (0.31 ± 0.48 mcg/kg). Namun dari perhitungan statistik menunjukkan hampir tetapi tidak berhasil mencapai nilai p yang dianggap signifikan (p=0.056 and p=0.086). Di lain pihak insidens PONV menurun secara signifikan pada Grup BPSS+IV-PCT (P<0.001).
KESIMPULAN : Blok pleksus servikal superfisialis dengan bupivakain 0.5% sebagai analgesia postoperatif tidak lebih efektif bila dibandingkan dengan anestesia umum tanpa penambahan blok pada timpanomastoidektomi. Anestesia umum yang dikombinasi dengan blok pleksus servikal superfisialis secara signifikan berhasil menurunkan insidens PONV pada timpanomastoidektomi.

BACKGROUND: General anesthesia as a standard technique of anesthesia on tympanomastoidectomy has some disadvantages. Postoperative pain and side effects of nausea-vomiting (Post Operative Nausea Vomiting (PONV)) that often occurs in this operation may increase postoperative morbidity and length of treatment in the ward. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the addition of the superficial cervical plexus block with 0.5% bupivacaine as post operative analgesia in tympanomastoidectomy.
METHOD: Thirty two randomly selected patients presenting for elective tympanomastoidectomy were divided equally into two groups to receive either a cervical superficial plexus block with bupivacaine 0.5% (Group BPSS+IV-PCT, n=16) or general anesthesia alone without block (Group IV-PCT, n=16) as a control. Before surgery was ended, both group received paracetamol 1 gram intravenous (IV). After extubation in the recovery room, Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) was installed for 24 hours counted since the surgery was started. PCA was contained with fentanyl, with setting of demand dose (bolus) 1mcg/kgBW. First time analgesia request (T1), total fentanyl PCA consumption (mcg/kgBW), and PONV incidence were recorded.
RESULTS: First time analgesia request was longer (1437.5 ± 10 minutes) in Group BPSS+IV-PCT compared with Group IV-PCT (1310.63 ± 268.49 minutes). Total fentanyl PCA consumption was lower in Group BPSS+IV-PCT (0.06 ± 0.25mcg/kg) compared with Group IV-PCT (0.31 ± 0.48 mcg/kg). However, they approaches but fails to achieve a customary level of statistical significance (p=0.056 and p=0.086). In the other hand PONV incidence decreased significantly (P<0.01) in group BPSS+IV-PCT.
CONCLUSION: Cervical superficial plexus block with bupivacaine 0.5% as post operative analgesia was not more effective than general anesthesia alone without block in tympanomastoidectomy. General anesthesia combined with cervical superficial plexus block significantly resulted in less PONV compared with general anesthesia alone for tympanomastoidectomy.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ruth Evelin Margaretha
"Latar belakang : Blok perifer yang digunakan saat pasien teranestesi akan mengurangi kebutuhan anestesia dan analgesia selama pembedahan, dan mengurangi kebutuhan opioid sebagai analgetik pasca operatif. Berkurangnya pemakaian opioid intraoperatif akan mengurangi morbiditas pasca operatif yang berkaitan dengan opioid. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui peran BPSS menggunakan bupivakain 0,5% dalam mengurangi konsumsi fentanil intraoperatif, stabilitas hemodinamik intraoperatif, dan kecepatan waktu pulih pada timpanomastoidektomi dalam anestesia umum.
Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal pada 32 pasien usia 19-65 tahun, ASA I-III dengan berat badan 35-80 kg, yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok BPSS dan kelompok kontrol. Pada kelompok BPSS dilakukan BPSS sebelum induksi menggunakan bupivakain 0,5%. Pada kelompok kontrol dilakukan anestesia umum tanpa BPSS. Anestesia dipertahankan dengan FGF 0,8-1,6 lpm, compress air:O2 (konsentrasi O2 40%); isofluran ± 1 MAC dan atrakurium 0,25 mg/kgBB setiap 30 menit untuk menjaga nilai BIS 45-60. Fentanil diberikan setiap ada peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik atau frekuensi nadi ≥ 20% dari nilai 5 menit sebelumnya. 30 menit sebelum operasi selesai diberikan parasetamol 1 gram iv dan ondansetron 4 mg iv.
Hasil : Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan median konsumsi fentanil intraoperatif kelompok BPSS lebih rendah bermakna secara statistik dibandingkan kelompok kontrol {(150 mcg vs 262,5 mcg), p<0,001)}. Perbedaan median TDS antara kelompok BPSS dan kelompok kontrol bermakna secara statistik psaat insisi { 104 (90-112) vs 120 (110-130), p<0,001}, dan median frekuensi nadi kelompok BPSS lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol {68 (62-86) vs 80 (68-100); p<0,001}.
Simpulan : BPSS menggunakan bupivakain 0,5% sebelum induksi mengurangi konsumsi fentanil intraoperatif, menekan respon hemodinamik terhadap insisi kulit, dan mempercepat waktu pulih.

Background : The peripheral nerve block which is used in combination with general anesthesia will reduce anesthesia and analgesia requirement intraoperatively. The reduction in opioid consumption will reduce pasca operative morbidity which is related to opioid. The aim of this study was to assess the role of superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) using bupivakain 0,5% before induction in reducing fentanyl consumption, stabilized intraoperative hemodynamic, and reach early emergence in tympanomastoidectomy under general anesthesia.
Methods : The design of this study is single blind randomized clinical trial. The study was done to 32 consenting ASA I-III patients, 13-65 years old, with body weight 35-85 kg which were randomized to be SCPB group and control group. SCPB was done in block SCPB before induction using bupivacaine 0,5%. General anesthesia without SCPB was done in control group. Anesthesia was maintained with FGF 0,8-1,6 lpm, compress air:O2 with O2 consentration 40%, isoflurane ± 1 MAC, and atracurium 0,5 mg/kgBW every 30 minutes to keep BIS level 45-60. Fentanyl intermittent was given intraoperative due to 20% increased in SBP or heart rate from the data 5 minutes earlier. Paracetamol 1 g iv and ondansetron 4 mg iv were given 30 minutes before the end of the surgery.
Results : During surgery the median fentanyl consumption were significantly reduced in SCPB group compared with control group {(150 mcg vs 262,5 mcg), p<0,001)}, and during skin incision, the median SBP and the median heart rate were significantly reduced in SCPB group compared with control group { 104 (90-112) vs 120 (110-130), p<0,001} and {68 (62-86) vs 80 (68-100); p<0,001}. The median emergence time were also significantly reduced in SCPB group compared with control group {(10 minutes vs 20 minutes), p<0,001)}.
Conclusion : SCBP using bupivacaine 0,5% before induction reduced the fentanyl consumption intraoperative, more stabilized hemodynamic in response to skin incision and provided more rapid awakening.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
SP-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Frank Sapta
"Latar belakang : Hipotensi merupakan salah satu komplikasi akibat anestesia subarakhnoid pada seksio sesarea yang berpotensi membahayakan ibu dan janin. Kejadian hipotensi pada seksio sesarea dengan dosis bupivakain 8 - 12,5 mg berkisar antara 25 - 60%. Mengkombinasikan anestetika lokal dosis rendah dengan opioid lipofilik dan modifikasi posisi saat injeksi subarakhnoid mungkin dapat lebih menurunkan kejadian hipotensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas posisi Oxford dalam menurunkan kejadian hipotensi dibanding posisi lateral dengan regimen bupivakain 7,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg.
Metode : Setelah lolos kaji etik dan mendapatkan persetujuan klinik 180 pasien yang akan menjalani seksio sesarea elektif dirandomisasi blok ke dalam kelompok posisi Oxford atau posisi lateral. Semua pasien mendapatkan dosis intratekal bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 7,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg. Coloading kristaloid diberikan 10 ml/ kgBB. Efedrin intravena diberikan sesuai standar. Kondisi hemodinamik dan profil blok sensorimotor dicatat. Penggunaan efedrin, efek samping dan nilai APGAR juga didokumentasikan.
Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan yang secara statistik tidak bermakna pada kejadian hipotensi diantara kedua kelompok (p=0,121). Total jumlah penggunaan efedrin intravena diantara kedua kelompok berbeda dan dapat diperbandingkan. Profil blok sensorimotor diantara kedua kelompok dapat diperbandingkan.
Kesimpulan : Modifikasi posisi Oxford pada anestesia subarakhnoid dengan dosis bupivakain 7,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg tidak memberikan hasil yang bermakna dalam menurunkan kejadian hipotensi.

Background : Hypotension was one of the complications of subarachnoid anesthesia in caesarean section that potentially detrimental to the mother and baby. The insidens of hypotension in caesarean section with bupivacaine 8 - 12,5 mg were between 25 and 60%. Combining low dose of local anesthetics with lipofilic opioid and modification of position during subarachnoid injection might be more in lowering the hypotension insidens. The study was conducted to prove the effectiveness of Oxford position in lowering the hypotension insidens with regimen 7,5 mg bupivacaine added with 25 mcg fentanyl.
Methods : After ethical clearance and receive informed consent 180 elective caesarean section patient were randomized into Oxford group or lateral group. All the patient were receive the same dose of intrathecal 7,5 mg 0,5% hyperbaric bupivacaine added with 25 mcg fentanyl. Coloading of 10 ml/ kgBW with cristaloid was given. Intravenous ephedrine was given according to a standard. Hemodynamic changes and sensorimotor block profile were documented. Epedhrine consumption, side effect and APGAR score were also documented.
Result : There is a difference that statistically not significant in hypotension insidens between two groups (p=0,121). The total intravenous ephedrine consumption between two groups was different and comparable. The profile of sensorimotor block between two groups could be compared.
Conclusion : Modification of Oxford position in subarachnoid anesthesia with 7,5 mg bupivacaine added with 25 mcg fentanyl was not more effective in lowering insidens of hypotension.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Henry Agus
"LATAR BELAKANG : Kombinasi anestetik lokal dosis rendah dengan opioid yaitu bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 7,5 mg dan 5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg diharapkan keefektifannya untuk memfasilitasi bedah Caesar, yaitu dengan cara menurunkan angka kejadian hipotensi dan kualitas analgesia serta blok motorik yang adekuat.
METODE : 112 pasien hamil usia 18-40 tahun yang akan menjalani bedah Caesar baik cito maupun elektif ASA I-III yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Randomisasi menjadi 2 kelompok; kelompok I mendapatkan bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 7,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg dan kelompok II mendapatkan bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg. Posisi pasien kedua kelompok yaitu posisi duduk dengan pungsi lumbal setinggi L3-4/L4-5.Total volume 2 cc disuntikkan dengan kecepatan 0,2 cc/detik.Kemudian telentang dengan posisi left lateral tilt. Dilakukan pencatatan tekanan darah pada menit ke-3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 atau sampai bayi lahir setelah disuntikkannya obat anestetik lokal ke ruang subaraknoid. Dilakukan pencatatan tercapai blok motorik dan sensorik sampai operasi selesai.
HASIL : Keefektifan pada kelompok I 89,3 % dan kelompok II 76,8 %.
KESIMPULAN : Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna mengenai keefektifan pada kedua kelompok subyek penelitian.

BACKGROUND : the combination of low doses local anesthetics with opioid is 0,5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine 7,5 and 5 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg is expected to facilitate the effectiveness cesarean that is by way of reducing the incidence of hypotension and the quality of analgesia and motor block adequate.
METHOD : 112 pregnant patients aged 18-40 years who underwent emergency surgery or elective cesarean both ASA I-III corresponding inclusion criteria. Randomization into 2 groups: group 1 receive hyperbaric bupivacaine 0,5 % 7,5 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg and group 2 get hyperbaric bupivacaine 0,5 % 5 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg. The position of the two groups are seated position with lumbar puncture as high as L3-4/L4-5. The total volume of 2 ml injected with a speed of 0,2 ml/sec. then supine with left lateral tilt position. Did recording of blood pressure in minute-3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 or until the baby was born after injection of local anesthetics into subarachnoid space. Did recording of motor and sensory block achieved until the operation was complete.
RESULT : The effectiveness of the group I was 89,3 % and group II was 76,8 %.
CONCLUSION : There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the effectiveness of the study subjects.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
SP-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dewi Hayati Heryundari
"Tujuan : dilakukan penelitian untuk membandingkan keefektifan morfin 0,05 mg intratekal plus ketorolak 30 mg intramuskular dengan morfin 0,1 mg intratekal untuk mencegah nyeri pasca bedah sesar dengan analgesia spinal bupivakain 0,5% 12,5 mg.
Disain : uji klinis acak tersamar ganda.
Metode : 96 pasien yang menjalani bedah sesar dibagi 2 kelompok. Kelompok A sebanyak 48 orang mendapat 0,05 mg morfin pada suntikan bupivakain 0,5% 12,5 mg intratekal plus ketorolak 30 mg intramuskular dan kelompok B sebanyak 48 orang mendapat 0,1 mg morfin pada suntikan bupivakain 0,5% 12,5 mg plus NaCi 0,9% 1 cc intramuscular. Selanjutnya dilakukan pemantauan nyeri menggunakan VAS, tekanan darah, frekuensi nadi, nafas dan efek samping pada jam ke 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 dan 24 pasca operasi.
Hasil : kelompok A mempunyai efek analgesia yang setara dengan kelompok pada pemantauan jam ke 2 hingga ke 24 dan pa 0,05_ Efek samping pruritus, mual muntah kelompok A 14,6%, 2,1%, 2,1% sedangkan kelompok B 43,0%, 10,4%, 4,2%.
Kesimpulan : morfin intratekal 0,05 mg plus ketorolak 30 mg intramuskular menghasilkan analgesia yang tidak berbeda bermakna dengan morfin 0,1 mg dan menurunnya efek samping pruritus, mual dan muntah pasca bedah sesar.

Objective : this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of 0,05 mg intrathecal morphine plus 30 mg intramuscular ketorolac with 0,1 mg intrathecal morphine for postoperative pain control after cesarean delivery under spinal analgesia with 12,5 mg of 0,5 % plain bupivacaine.
Design : double blind, randomized clinical study
Methods : 96 patients who underwent cesarean delivery, were divided into 2 groups. Group A : 48 patients got 0,05 mg intrathecal morphine at injection of 12,5 mg bupivacaine 0,5 % combined with 30 mg intramuscular ketorolac. Group B : 48 patients got 0,1 mg intrathecal morphine at injection of 12,5 mg bupivacaine 0,5 % plus NaCl 0,9 % intramuscular. All patients were observed and evaluated for the first 24 hours : the effectiveness of analgesia using VAS, BP, HR and RR.
Result : group A have the same effectiveness of post operative pain control with group B during the observations. A significanty greater incidence of pruritus was observed in the group B receiving 0,1 mg of intrathecal morphine. Although no significant difference among groups was observed regarding the incidence of vomiting, there was a trend toward less vomiting with the use of smaller doses of morphine.
Conclusion : a multimodal approach to pain control with the use of a combination drug ( 0,05 intrathecal morphine and 30 mg im ketorolac) have same quality of analgesia that provided with 0,1 mg intrathecal morphine but the incidence of side effects trend to decrease."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2004
T58437
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Endah Permatasari
"Menggigil pasca anesthesia merupakan komplikasi yang potensial bagi pasien pasca bedah yang dapat mengakibatkan Iiipoksemia karena peningkatan konsumsi oksigen jaringan dan peningkatan kadar C02 dalam darah. Hal ini berbahaya tenriama bagi pasien dengan riwayat penyakit jantung iskemi atau pasien-pasien dengan fungsi cadangan ventilasi yang terbatas. Teiah banyak upaya pencegahan maupun penanggulangan dilakukan untuk mengatasi menggigil pasca anestesia, obat yang lazim digunakan adalah petidin. Penelitian terbaru juga menunjukkan bahwa ketamin juga efektif untuk mencegah menggigil pasca anestesia.
Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan apakah ketamin lebih efektif dibandingkan petidin untuk mencegah menggigil pasca anestesia inhalasi N20/02/isofluran, Penelitian ini bersifat uji klinis tersamar ganda yang membandingkan keefektifan ketamin intravena 0,5 mg/kb BB dengan petidin 0.35 mg/kg BB. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Bedah Pusat RSCM dengan jumlah sampel 40, laki-laki dan perempuan, usia 16-65 tahun, status fisik ASA I-II. Kriteria penolakan adalah mempunyai riwayat alergi terhadap petidin dan ketamin, memiliki riwayat kejang, hipertensi dan penyakit jantung koroner, jika suhu tubuh sebelum induksi >38 °C atau <36°C dan bila pasien mengkonsumsi obat inhibitor monoamine oksidase. Kriteria pengeluaran jika operasi berlangsung >180 menit atau kurang dari 30 menit, mendapatkan darah atau komponen darah, memerlukan perawatan di ruang rawat intesif pasca pembedahan., mengalami komplikasi selamaanestesia seperti syok atau henti jantung dan bila intra operatif pasien mendapatkan obat klonidin, prostigmin, petidin dan ondansetron."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2006
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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A.A. Gde Putra Semara Jaya
"Latar Belakang. Bedah jantung terbuka mengakibatkan nyeri dan respons stres pascabedah yang dapat memberikan dampak buruk bagi pasien. Blok transversus thoracis plane merupakan blok interfascial dalam di area parasternal untuk mengatasi nyeri sternotomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas penambahan blok transversus thoracis muscle plane bilateral dalam mengurangi nyeri dan respons stres pascabedah jantung terbuka terhadap kontrol. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah uji klinis terkontrol acak tersamar ganda. Tiga puluh empat subjek yang memenuhi syarat yang menjalani operasi jantung elektif antara September 2020 dan Agustus 2001 secara acak dimasukkan ke kelompok blok TTP atau kontrol. Penelitian membandingkan beda rerata konsumsi morfin 24 jam pascabedah, waktu pertama dosis morfin pascabedah, waktu ekstubasi, konsentrasi plasma IL-6 dan kortisol pada 24 jam dan 48 jam pascabedah. Penelitian juga ingin mengetahui konsumsi fentanil intraoperatif, waktu pertama opioid rescue intraoperatif, komplikasi, efek samping opioid, dan lama rawat inap. Hasil. Konsumsi morfin 24 jam pertama pascabedah lebih tinggi secara bermakna (p<0,001) pada kelompok kontrol dibandingkan kelompok blok TTP. Waktu pertama pemberian morfin pascabedah lebih lama secara bermakna (p<0,001) pada kelompok blok TTP dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Waktu ekstubasi tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok blok TTP dan kelompok kontrol. Konsentrasi plasma IL-6 dan kortisol tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok blok TTP dan kelompok kontrol pada 24 jam dan 48 jam pascabedah. Kesimpulan. Penambahan blok transversus thoracis muscle plane bilateral tidak terbukti lebih efektif dalam mengurangi nyeri dan respons stres pascabedah jantung terbuka dibandingkan dengan kontrol.

Background. Open-heart surgery is a major surgery that causes postoperative pain and surgical stress response, contributing further to postoperative complications and morbidity. Transversus thoracis muscle plane block is a deep interfascial block in the parasternal area to treat sternotomy pain. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of bilateral transversus thoracis muscle plane blocks in reducing pain and stress response after open-heart surgery versus control. Methods. This is a prospective, double-blind, randomized control trial. Thirty-four eligible subjects who underwent elective cardiac surgery between September 2020 and August 2001 were randomly assigned to the TTPB or control group. The primary outcomes were the different means of 24-hour postoperative morphine consumption, time of first postoperative morphine dose, extubation, postoperative plasma levels of IL-6 and cortisol at 24 hours and 48 hours after surgery. The secondary outcomes were intraoperative fentanil consumption, time of first intraoperative opioid rescue, complication, opioid side effects, and length of stay. Results. The 24-hour postoperative morphine consumption was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the control group than in the TTPB group. The time of first postoperative morphine dose was significantly longer (p<0.001) in the TTPB group than in the control group. Extubation time was not statistically different between the TTP block group and the control group. Plasma levels of IL-6 and cortisol were not statistically different between the TTP block group and the control group at 24 hours and 48 hours after surgery. Conclusion. The bilateral transversus thoracis muscle plane blocks were not shown to be more effective in reducing pain and stress response after open-heart surgery compared to controls."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2021
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nurul Rahmawati
"Latar belakang : Penelitian ini membandingkan efek ropivakain hiperbarik 15 mg + morfin 0,15 mg dengan ropivakain hiperbarik 12 mg + morfin 0,15 mg untuk bedah sesar dengan analgesia spinal.
Metode : Dilakukan secara acak tersamar Banda. Hipotesis yang dibuat adalah Ropivakain hiperbarik 12 mg dengan morfin 0,15 mg intratekal, mempunyai mula kerja hambatan sensorik dan motorik yang sama dengan ropivakain hiperbarik 15 mg ditambah morfin 0,15 mg intratekal, namun dengan masa kerja hambatan sensorik dan motorik lebih singkat, dan dapat digunakan untuk anestesia spinal pada bedah sesar. Sebanyak 66 wanita hamil yang akan menjalani beddah sesar, ASA I -- II diberikan ropivakain hiperbarik 15 mg + morfin 0,15 mg (n=33) atau ropivakain hiperbarik 12 mg + morfin 0,15 mg (n-33) dengan teknik blok subaraknoid. Perubahan blok sensorik diukur dengan tes pinprick, dan perubahan hambatan motorik diukur dengan modifikasi skala bomage, VAS diukur 3 kali.
Basil : Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada data demografi kedua kelompok. Kelompok ropivakain 15 mg mempunyai penyebaran hambatan sensorik maksimal lebih tinggi (median [min-max]) : Th 4 (th 1 - 6) vs Th 5 (Th 2 -- 6), tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada mula kerja hambatan sensorik (median [min-max]) : 3,2 mnt (2 - 5 mnt) vs 3,0 (1- 5 mnt), tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada mula keija hambatan motorik (median [min-max]) : 3,3 mnt (1-10 mnt) vs 3 mnt (1-7 mnt), masa kerja hambatan sensorik lebih lama pada kelompok ropivakain 15 mg (median [min-max]) : 60 mnt (45 -120mnt) vs 52 mnt (30 - 103 mnt), masa kerja hambatan motorik lebih lama pada kelompok ropivakain 15 mg (median[min-max]) : 60 mnt (35-118 mnt) vs 57 mnt (32 -102 mnt), dan basil yang sama pada pengukuran VAS sebanyak 3 kali.
Simpulan : Ropivakain hiperbarik 15 mg + morfin 0,15 mg dan ropivakain hiperbarik 12 mg + mofin 0,15 mg dapat digunakan untuk analgesia spinal untuk operasi bedah sesar.

Background This study was designed to evaluate the effects of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg plus morln 0,15 mg and hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg plus morphine 0,15 mg in women undergoing cesarean section.
Methods : This was a prospective, randomized, doubleblinded study. We hypothesized that hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg plus morphin 0,15 mg has the same onset of sensory and motoric block, with longer duration of sensory and motoric block with hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg plus morphine 0,15 mg. Sixtysix parturients, physical status ASA I - II were given either hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg plus morphine 0,15 mg (n=33) or hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg plus morphine 0,15 mg (n=33), for cesarean section with spinal analgesia. Changing of sensory block was assessed by pinprick test and motoric block was assessed by bromage score (modification). Visual analogue score was measured three times.
Results : There were no significant differences in demographic variable between groups. Higher cephalic spread (median [range]) maximum block height to pinprick hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg compare hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg : Th 4 (th 1 - 6) vs Th 5 (Th 2 - 6), no significant difference of sensory block onset (median [range]) : 3,2 min (2 - 5 minutes) vs 3,0 (1 - 5 min), no significant difference of motoric block onset (median [range]) : 3,3 min (1-10 min) vs 3 min ( 1-7 min), longer sensoric block duration hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg compare to hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg (median [range]) : 60 min (45 -120min) vs 52 min (30 -- 103 min), longer motoric block duration in hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg compare hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg (median[range]) : 60 min (35-118 min) vs 57 min (32 - 102 min), and no significant difference in visual analogue score in three times measurements.
Conclusion : Hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg plus morphine 0,15 mg and hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg plus morphine 0,15 mg are sufficient for spinal analgesia in patients undergoing cesarean section."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2005
T21413
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Masry
"[ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang. Manajemen jalan nafas merupakan salah satu tahap yang paling penting dalam bidang anestesiologi. Salah satu jenis Alat bantu jalan nafas yang telah dipergunakan secara luas adalah Laringeal Mask Airway (LMA/Sungkup Laring). Pada pemasangan sungkup laring tanpa menggunakan pelumpuh otot membutuhkan kedalaman anestesi yang cukup, Tes klinis yang mudah, akurat dan aplikatif diperlukan untuk menghindari terjadinya komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan trapezius squeezing test dan jaw thrust sebagai indikator kedalaman anestesi pada pemasangan sungkup laring dengan propofol sebagai agen induksi
Metode. Sebanyak 128 pasien di randomisasi ke dalam 2 kelompok yaitu jaw thrust dan trapezius squeezing test. Seluruh pasien mendapatkan premedikasi dengan midazolam 0.05 mg/kgBB dan Fentanyl 1 mcg/kgBB. Induksi menggunakan propofol titrasi. Manuver jaw thrust dan trapezius squeezing test dilakukan setiap 15 detik. Saat respon motorik hilang dilakukan pemasangan sungkup laring. Dicatat keberhasilan pemasangan, dosis propofol, tekanan darah, laju jantung, dan insiden apneu.
Hasil. Keberhasilan pada kelompok jaw thrust 93.8%, sedangkan trapezius squeezing test yang 90.6%. Penggunaan rerata propofol pada kelompok jaw thrust yaitu sebesar 120.34 mg, sedangkan pada kelompok trapezius squeezing test yaitu sebesar 111,86 mg. Insiden apneu yang pada kelompok jaw thrust terjadi pada 10 (15.6%) pasien, sedangkan pada kelompok trapezius squeezing test sebesar 11 (17.2%) pasien. Tidak terdapat perubahan hemodinamik yang berarti pada kelompok jaw thrust sedangkan sedangkan pada kelompok trapezius squeezing test terdapat perubahan hemodinamik yang berarti di menit ke 3 dan ke 4
Kesimpulan. Trapezius squeezing test tidak lebih baik daripada jaw thrust sebagai indikator klinis dalam menilai kedalaman anestesia pada insersi sungkup laring.

ABSTRACT
Background. Airway management is one of the most important phase in anesthesiology. One of airway device that have been used generally is Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant requires a level of depth anesthesia. An easy, accurate, an applicable clinical indicator were required to avoid complication. This study was determine the comparison trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicator of depth of anesthesia in laryngeal mask insertion with propofol as induction agent.
Methods. 128 patient have been randomize in to 2 group that are jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test. All patients were received premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. Induction were done by propofol titration. Jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test maneuver were done in every 15 second. When motoric respond negative the laryngeal mask were inserted. The successful of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, propofol consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of apnea were also documented.
Result. Laryngeal mask successfully inserted in 93.8% patients in jaw thrust group, and 90.6% in trapezius squeezing test group. Mean of propofol consumption in jaw thrust group is 120.34 mgs, and in trapezius squeezing test is 11.86 mgs. Incident of apnea in jaw thrust group happened in 10 patients (15.6%), and in trapezius squeezing test group happened in 11 patient (17.2%). Hemodynamic in jaw thrust group relatively stable but in trapezius squeezing test there is significant hemodynamic changing in minute third and fourth.
Conclusion. Trapezius squeezing test is not better than jaw thrust as clinical indicators of depth of anesthesia for laryngeal mask insertion.;Background. Airway management is one of the most important phase in anesthesiology. One of airway device that have been used generally is Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant requires a level of depth anesthesia. An easy, accurate, an applicable clinical indicator were required to avoid complication. This study was determine the comparison trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicator of depth of anesthesia in laryngeal mask insertion with propofol as induction agent.
Methods. 128 patient have been randomize in to 2 group that are jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test. All patients were received premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. Induction were done by propofol titration. Jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test maneuver were done in every 15 second. When motoric respond negative the laryngeal mask were inserted. The successful of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, propofol consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of apnea were also documented.
Result. Laryngeal mask successfully inserted in 93.8% patients in jaw thrust group, and 90.6% in trapezius squeezing test group. Mean of propofol consumption in jaw thrust group is 120.34 mgs, and in trapezius squeezing test is 11.86 mgs. Incident of apnea in jaw thrust group happened in 10 patients (15.6%), and in trapezius squeezing test group happened in 11 patient (17.2%). Hemodynamic in jaw thrust group relatively stable but in trapezius squeezing test there is significant hemodynamic changing in minute third and fourth.
Conclusion. Trapezius squeezing test is not better than jaw thrust as clinical indicators of depth of anesthesia for laryngeal mask insertion., Background. Airway management is one of the most important phase in anesthesiology. One of airway device that have been used generally is Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant requires a level of depth anesthesia. An easy, accurate, an applicable clinical indicator were required to avoid complication. This study was determine the comparison trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicator of depth of anesthesia in laryngeal mask insertion with propofol as induction agent.
Methods. 128 patient have been randomize in to 2 group that are jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test. All patients were received premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. Induction were done by propofol titration. Jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test maneuver were done in every 15 second. When motoric respond negative the laryngeal mask were inserted. The successful of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, propofol consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of apnea were also documented.
Result. Laryngeal mask successfully inserted in 93.8% patients in jaw thrust group, and 90.6% in trapezius squeezing test group. Mean of propofol consumption in jaw thrust group is 120.34 mgs, and in trapezius squeezing test is 11.86 mgs. Incident of apnea in jaw thrust group happened in 10 patients (15.6%), and in trapezius squeezing test group happened in 11 patient (17.2%). Hemodynamic in jaw thrust group relatively stable but in trapezius squeezing test there is significant hemodynamic changing in minute third and fourth.
Conclusion. Trapezius squeezing test is not better than jaw thrust as clinical indicators of depth of anesthesia for laryngeal mask insertion.]"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T58675
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Eko Wahyudi
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Kami mengevaluasi kegunaan dari pemeriksaan rasio jarak
hiomental (HMDR,hyomental distance ratio), yang didefinisikan sebagai rasio
dari jarak hiomental (HMD,hyomental distance) posisi kepala ekstensi maksimal
dengan posisi kepala netral, dalam memprediksi kesulitan visualisasi laring pada
pasien-pasien normal, yang dilakukan pemeriksaan prediktor-prediktor jalan
napas praoperasi dengan skor Mallampati dan jarak tiromental (TMD,
tyhyromental distance) sebagai pembanding.
Metode Penelitian : Praoperasi, kami menilai empat prediktor jalan napas pada
169 orang dewasa yang menjalani anestesi umum. Pelaku laringoskopi adalah
residen anestesiologi minimal tahun ke 2, dan menilai skor Cormack-Lehane(CL)
yang dimodifikasi. Sulit visualisasi laring (DVL,difficult visualization of the
larynx) didefinisikan sebagai CL derajat 3 atau 4. Titik potong optimal (The cutoff
point) untuk setiap tes ditentukan pada titik maksimal daerah di bawah
kurva dalam kurva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Skor Mallampati
dengan derajat ≥ 3 sebagai prediktor DVL. Untuk TMD ≤ 65 mm dianggap
sebagai prediktor DVL.
Hasil : Didapatkan 21 (12,4%) orang pasien dengan sulit visualisasi laring(DVL).
HMDR memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terkait dengan DVL. HMDR dengan
titik potong optimal 1,2 memiliki akurasi diagnostik yang lebih besar (dengan area
di bawah kurva 0.694), dibandingkan prediktor tunggal lainnya (P <0,05), dan
HMDR sendiri menunjukkan validitas diagnostik yang lebih besar (sensitivitas,
61,9%, spesifisitas, 69,6%) dibandingkan dengan prediktor lainnya.
Kesimpulan :HMDR dengan ambang batas uji 1,2 adalah prediktor klinis handal
dalam memprediksi kesulitan dalam visualisasi laring.

ABSTRACT
Background: We evaluated the usefulness of the hyomental distance (HMD) ratio
(HMDR), defined as the ratio of the HMD at the extreme of the head extension to
that in the neutral position, in predicting difficult visualization of the larynx
(DVL) in apparently normal patients, by examining the following preoperative
airway predictors: the modified Mallampati test, HMD in the
neutral position, HMD and thyromental distance at the extreme of head extension
and HMDR.
Methods : Preoperatively, we assessed the four airway predictors in 169 adult
patients undergoing general anesthesia. A second years resident, performed all of
the direct laryngoscopies and graded the views using the modified Cormack and
Lehane scale. DVL was defined as a Grade 3 or 4 view. The optimal cutoff points
for each test were determined at the maximal point of the area under the curve in
the receiver operating characteristic curve. For the modified Mallampati test,
Class ≥ 3 was predefined as a predictor of DVL. And thyromental distance (TMD)
≤ 65 mm was predefined as a predictor of DVL.
Results : The larynx was difficult to visualize in 21 (12,4%) patients. The HMDR
with the optimal cutoff point of 1.2 had greater diagnostic accuracy (area under
the curve of 0.694), with significantly related to DVL (P <0.05), and it alone
showed a greater diagnostic validity profile (sensitivity, 61,9%; specificity,
69,6%) than any other predictor.
Conclusions : The HMDR with a test threshold of 1.2 is a clinically reliable
predictor of DVL."
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2012
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