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"Kerajaan Majapahit sebagai salah satu kerajaan kuno terbesar di Indonesia dikenal sebagai peradaban yang relatif maju, salah satunya dalam bidang gaya seni arca. Arca-arca Majapahit dikenal memiliki ciri khusus yang mampu menandakan identitasnya, namun hal tersebut sering dijumpai pada arca-arca dewa saja. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana gaya seni pada arca bukan dewa masa Majapahit Koleksi Museum Nasional serta menjelaskan persamaan dan perbedaan gaya seni antara arca-arca tersebut dengan arca dewa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Terdapat 15 arca yang dijadikan data, seluruhnya diklasifikasikan ke dalam tiga kategori figur; yaitu laki-laki, perempuan, dan lain-lain. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, gaya seni arca-arca yang tidak memiliki ciri dan atribut dewa masa Majapahit koleksi Museum Nasional dapat diketahui melalui dua aspek, yaitu ukuran dan atribut. Ukuran arca-arca tersebut adalah chala atau yang mudah dipindahkan, sedangkan dari aspek atribut berupa perhiasan atau busana, terdapat variasi kelengkapan dan jenis tergantung dari kelompok figur arca tersebut. Tidak ada gaya seni atau aturan ikonografi yang mutlak pada arca-arca yang tidak memiliki ciri dan atribut dewa masa Majapahit.

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The Majapahit Empire as one of the biggest ancient kingdoms in Indonesia known as a relatively advance civilization for its time, of which one of the fields is the sculpture art style. The sculptures of Majapahit are known to have distinct character which set their identity, but these traits are only found on the gods sculptures. This research is conducted to find out the characters of the non-god sculptures of Majapahit from the national museum collection and to explain the similarities and differences they have with their god type counterparts.The method used in this research is the descriptive analysis. There are 15 sculptures used as data, they are classified into three categories; male, female, and others. Based on this research, the sculpture that do not have the characteristics and attributes of the gods of the Majapahit era, the National Museum collection can be identified through two aspects; size and attributes. The size of the statues is a chala or other word movable, while from the aspect of attributes in the form of jewelry or clothing, there are variations in completeness and type depending on the group of statues. There are no sculpture or absolute iconographic rules on statues that do not have the characteristics and attributes of the gods of the Majapahit era."

"In her research Yulia Nurliani Lukito analyses modernity and the construction of culture by the authorities using the images of Indonesian vernacular architecture presented at three different sites and times. She argues that modernity is not solely constructed by the authorities, rather it is an ongoing process modified by visitors of exhibitions. Pasar Gambir was a laboratory of modernity for the colony, and an important stage in modernizing and negotiating cultural and social conditions in the colony. The Dutch Pavilion at the 1931 colonial exhibition became a moment when the Indies heritages played a role in marking colonial territory. Modern ethnographic park of Taman Mini gives a way to the making of an official 'authentic' culture and suppresses the previous Dutch construction of the Indies culture. Contents · Pasar Gambir of Batavia: Hybrid Architecture and Space of Encounter for the Indies People · The Dutch Pavilion at the 1931 International Colonial Exhibition in Paris: Contrasting Authenticity and Modernity · Taman Mini Indonesia Indah: the Rebirth of Indonesian Vernacular Architecture after Independence Target Groups · Lecturers and students of the social sciences especially in history and theory of architecture · Readers who are interested in cultural studies, architecture, history, and modernity The Author Yulia Nurliani Lukito received her doctorate degree in Theory of Architecture from RWTH Aachen. Her research interests are theory and history of architecture, modernity, and Indonesian vernacular architecture. "