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"Multilingualism in EU is a state of affairs emerged as a range of different languages encounter one another. The history of European integration and the course of language policy in EU show that there is no policy on the language of EU. Issues related to language regulate themselves to practical tenets. This is what is identified as laissez-faire policy model. The putting into practice of this laissez-faire policy model in EU has significant implications to French language. They are closely correlated with the question of power. France, as a member-state having a vital role and strong leadership character in integration, perceives this circumstance as a form of threat against the strength and the popularity of its language.Situations of multilingualism and language policy belong to one theoretical framework of sociolinguistics study and come into surface alongside political thinking_ One of the sociolinguistics scholars is Pierre Bourdieu, who suggests diverse concepts; among them are champ, capital, habitus, ilhrsio, libido and symbolique violance. Bourdieu develops sociology theory and associates it with other studies, such as media, literature, and politics. The study on Ianguage policy in ELI in this thesis applies the approaches put forward by Bourdieu. EU has been an arena of political interest struggle (champ) to two key member states i.e. France and the UK. Both states engage in the champ and draw on different capital. Language policy is the primary factor determining the dissemination and reinforcement of French language. France has vigorously promoted its language by employing massive policies on language and culture. Nevertheless, the results of these efforts cannot go beyond the popularity of English in EU, which in this case is influenced by the factors of economy, culture, and politics.There is in fact another factor that determines the dissemination and reinforcement of English language, i.e_ the factor of the U.S. soft power. This thesis uses the concepts of power proposed by Joseph Nye Jr as well. Nye Jr defines soft power as an ability to gain what is desired by means better than force or money. English has ties to the economic system and global network dominated by the U.S. English itself is an integral part of globalization. The power of globalization becomes a habitus which at the end supports the dissemination and reinforcement of English language. The government of the UK does not need to carry out massive efforts similar to the ones done by the French government to elevate its language on top of language hierarchy. If hierarchy of language is regarded as something that is proper and natural, the acknowledgment of one single dominant language will easily take place. English will easily become the lingua franca of EU. EU's language policy which regulates to practical tenets will turn English into the de facto dominant language. This condition can eventually deteriorate EU's slogan of united in diversity_ The challenge for EU now lies on the ways of how to manage and regulate issues concerning language to strengthen the slogan without having to diminish the national identity of its member states."

"Tesis ini membahas seberapa jauh perubahan rezim di empat Negara Eropa Timur (Bulgaria, Hungaria, Polandia, dan Romania) berpengaruh terhadap perubahan struktur sosial di keempat Negara tersebut. Perubahan rezim dari rezim komunis menjadi pemerintahan yang demokratis dan perubahan sistem ekonomi dari yang tersentralisasi menjadi sistem ekonomi pasar tentu mengubah praktek interaksi dan dinamika sosial sehari-hari. Ketika keempat Negara bergabung dengan EU (Hungaria, dan Polandia pada tahun 2004, Bulgaria Romania pada tahun 2007), dengan memenuhi persyaratan ekonomi politik, salah satunya ekonomi pasar yang kuat dan stabil. Perubahan ini memunculkan kelas menengah baru, setelah sebelumnya sistem kelas dihapuskan selama rezim komunis. Salah satu cara mengukur kelas menengah selain dengan mengukur pendapatan adalah dengan mengukur tingkat konsumsi mobil. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kesadaran kelas, teori elit, dan teori kosmopolitanisme untuk mengukur apakah perubahan sistem ekonomi berpengaruh pada perubahan kelas, yang memungkinkan kesadaran kelas muncul dan terwujud melalui class action.

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The focus of this study is to assess the impact of regime change in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and Romania and how it affected changes in their sosial structure. Regime changes from centralized Communist states to democratic and market economies affect society dynamics and how people interact on a daily basis. The accession as EU member (Hungary and Poland on 2004, Bulgaria and Romania on 2007) further exacerbates these changes. A new middle class emerged, after the class system was abolished under the Communist regime. Aside from measuring income, one way to measure the phenomenon of growing middle class is to measure car ownership. This study utilizes Class Consciousness Theory by Georg Lukács, Elite theories, and Cosmopolitanism by Habermas to determine how much economic system affect changes in class structure in society, does class consciousness form, and does it materialized through class action."