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"The Anglo-Irish Union of 1800 which established the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland made British ministers in London more directly responsible for Irish affairs than had previously been the case. The Act did not, however, provide for full integration and left in existence a separate administration in Dublin under a Viceroy and a Chief Secretary. This created tensions that were never resolved. The relationship that ensued has generally been interpreted in terms of colonialism or post-colonialism, concepts not without their problems in relation to a country so geographically close to Britain and, indeed, so closely connected constitutionally. This book seeks to examine the Union relationship from a new and different perspective. In particular it argues that Londons policies towards Ireland in the period between the Union and the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 oscillated sharply between those based on a view of Ireland as so distant, different, and violent that (regardless of promises made in 1800) its goverment demanded peculiarly Hibernian policies of a coercive kind (c.1800-1830), those based on the premiss that stability was best achived by a broadly assimilationist approach, in effect attempting to make Ireland more like Britain (c.1830-1868), and finally by a return to policies of differentiation though often in less coercive ways than had been the case in the decades immediately after the Union (c.1868-1921) The outcome of this last policy of differentiation was a disposition (ultimately common to both main British political parties) to grant greater measures of devolution and ultimately of independence, a development finally rendered viable by the implementation of Irish partition in 1921-2. "

"Penelitian ini menggambarkan tentang politisi perempuan Minangkabau dengan konstruksi realitas sosial budaya matrilineal dan agama Islam terhadap peran perempuan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis konstruksi sosial masyarakat Minangkabau terhadap perempuan dalam ranah politik. Melalui paradigma konstruktivis-interpretatif, peneliti memberikan gambaran atas konstruksi realitas sosial terhadap peran politisi perempuan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa proses konstruksi dilakukan oleh keluarga, sekolah, dan masyarakat terhadap peran perempuan Minangkabau, masih lekat dengan nilai ekonomi dan peran domestik. Hal ini mengakibatkan perempuan ketika berada di ranah publik tetap berpikir secara domestik, dan secara tidak langsung berdampak kepada hambatan perempuan dalam berpolitik

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This research describe about Minangkabau woman politicians with construction process of matrilineal culture and Islam toward woman character. The research purposely to analyze social construction of Minangkabau society toward woman in political meadow. By using constructivism- interpretatif, researcher gives illustration in social reality construction toward the character of woman politicians. The result of will be seen that construction process of matrilineal culture value that doing by family and society toward Minangkabau woman character that the real stick with economic value and domestic meadow. This thing make woman that entry in the public meadow constant be think in the domestic manner, and indirectly become a closure to woman in politic."